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PREFIX PE-
 in Indonesian Language

             presented by:

      Muhammad Arif al Hakim
             113 11 016



STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES
            OF SALATIGA
The Definition of Affix
  Affix or addition is morpheme non-basic
    that structurally embedded in basic word
    to forming a new words.
 e.g. menggunakan           (for using)

          meng                guna       kan
          prefix            basic word   suffix


arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
Kinds of Affix


                  1. Prefix
                  2. Infix
                  3. Suffix
                  4. Confix
                  5. Reduplication

arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
 Now, we will discuss about PREFIX, especially for prefix pe-

   Form of prefix pe- become different depends on the
   basic words that attached to form (pe-).
 e.g. pe   + diam               (silent)
      prefix         basic word


      pendiam                (stolid)
    Gadis pendiam itu telah pergi ke pasar
          The stolid girl had been going to market


arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
The Function of Prefix PE-
  Function of prefix pe- is forming a noun with
   nominalization process based on intransitive verb
   that prefixed by ber-, or instead from basic word
   directly.
 e.g. tapa                  (asceticism)
      bertapa               (meditate or live as an asceticism)


        pertapa             (hermit / ascetic)

arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
The Meaning of Prefix PE-
        POLA KALIMAT ( PATTERN OF SENTENCES )
No
                       Predikat           Object           Keterangan
        Subject                                             ( Adverb )
                         ( Verb )      ( Complement )

           Dia         pembaca        novel twilight
           She          is reader    of twilights novel
1    (a) to express an agents persona (subject):
          pembaca (reader)        pe- + baca     (read)
          penulis (writer)        pe- + tulis    (write)
          Dia        seorang petaruh           bola
            he             a backer          of soccer
2    (b) to express a patients persona (something or object), inverse
         with point (a):
          petaruh (backer)         pesuruh       (lackey)
Dia         adalah seorang      pelaut      di laut pasifik
         he                is a          sailor   in pasific ocean
1
  (c) someone that usually work in somewhere (profession):
         pelaut        (sailor)      pe- + laut    (sea)
         pedagang     (trader)       pe- + dagang (trade)
   e.g.
     Pemabuk itu      meninggal dunia                     kemarin
      the drunkard       passed away                      yesterday
2
    (d) someone that fond of make something (habituate):
           pemabuk      (drunkard)    pe- + mabuk      (drunk)

     Pemukul itu        memukul          andi pada malam hari
      the striker           beat          andi          tonight
3 (e) tools or instruments:
          penyapu       (sweeper)      pe- + sapu    (sapu)
          pemukul       (striker)      pe- + pukul   (strike)
The Form of Pseudo Prefix PE-


         There is some words apparently
          includes in prefix pe-. Actually, this
          words is from basic words that adopted
          or absorbed from another language or
          because reduplication in first syllable
          that started by phoneme /p/.



arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
 the form of adopted:
     o pravira (sansekerta)     perwira (officer)
        o pleister (holland)    pelester (plaster)
        o voorloper (holland)   pelopor (pioner)
        o fatwah (arabic)       petuah (advice)


 the form of reduplication:
     o paya       papaya        pepaya (papaya)
     o patah      papatah       pepatah (advice)


arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
The Variation of Prefix PE-
No Variation Phoneme Basic Form                   Example
                            a      ajar*      pengajar (teacher)
          pe-               i      iring
                                                  pengiring
                                                (accompanist)
 1.
                            u      urus      pengurus (manager)
         peng-                                     pengolah
                            o      olah
                                                  (processor)
* note: prefix pe- become peng-, if adhere to basic form
  that started with letters a, i, u, e, o, k, g, h, kh, like in
  the word ajar become pengajar. Letter a
  assimilated to phoneme //.
arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
pe-            w       warta   pewarta   (correspondent)
 1
         pe-                r   rawat   perawat   (nurse)

         pe-                d   dengar pendengar (audience)
 2
                            t   tari*   penari    (dancer)
        pen-
* note: prefix pe- become pen-, if adhere to basic form
  that started with letters d, t, c, j, sy, z, like in the
  word tari become penari. Letter t assimilated to
  phoneme /n/.


arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
1 pe-            peny-  s sayang penyayang (merciful)
                          *
  2 pe-            pem- f fitnah pemfitnah (backstabber)
                          *
  3 pe-            penge- * tik    pengetik (shorthand typist)


  note: prefix pe- become peny-, If adhere with all of the words
  started by letter s.
  note: prefix pe- become pem-, if adhere to basic form that
  started with letter b, p, f, v. Thats first letter assimilated to
  phoneme /m/.
  note: prefix pe- become penge-, if adhere to all of basic form
  that has one syllable.



arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
Verb
                            lari     (run)         pelari     (runner)
                            bantu   (assist)       pembantu (assistant)
                                               Adjective
                            marah (angry)          pemarah    (bully)


      pe-                   takut   (afraid)       penakut
                                                  Noun
                                                             (coward)


                            musik    (music)       pemusik    (musician)
                            rokok   (cigarette)    perokok    (smoker)
                                               Numerial
                            satu    (one)          penyatu
                            dua     (two)          pendua


arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
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Prefix PE- in BAHASA INDONESIA

  • 1. PREFIX PE- in Indonesian Language presented by: Muhammad Arif al Hakim 113 11 016 STATE INSTITUTE FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES OF SALATIGA
  • 2. The Definition of Affix Affix or addition is morpheme non-basic that structurally embedded in basic word to forming a new words. e.g. menggunakan (for using) meng guna kan prefix basic word suffix arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
  • 3. Kinds of Affix 1. Prefix 2. Infix 3. Suffix 4. Confix 5. Reduplication arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
  • 4. Now, we will discuss about PREFIX, especially for prefix pe- Form of prefix pe- become different depends on the basic words that attached to form (pe-). e.g. pe + diam (silent) prefix basic word pendiam (stolid) Gadis pendiam itu telah pergi ke pasar The stolid girl had been going to market arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
  • 5. The Function of Prefix PE- Function of prefix pe- is forming a noun with nominalization process based on intransitive verb that prefixed by ber-, or instead from basic word directly. e.g. tapa (asceticism) bertapa (meditate or live as an asceticism) pertapa (hermit / ascetic) arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
  • 6. The Meaning of Prefix PE- POLA KALIMAT ( PATTERN OF SENTENCES ) No Predikat Object Keterangan Subject ( Adverb ) ( Verb ) ( Complement ) Dia pembaca novel twilight She is reader of twilights novel 1 (a) to express an agents persona (subject): pembaca (reader) pe- + baca (read) penulis (writer) pe- + tulis (write) Dia seorang petaruh bola he a backer of soccer 2 (b) to express a patients persona (something or object), inverse with point (a): petaruh (backer) pesuruh (lackey)
  • 7. Dia adalah seorang pelaut di laut pasifik he is a sailor in pasific ocean 1 (c) someone that usually work in somewhere (profession): pelaut (sailor) pe- + laut (sea) pedagang (trader) pe- + dagang (trade) e.g. Pemabuk itu meninggal dunia kemarin the drunkard passed away yesterday 2 (d) someone that fond of make something (habituate): pemabuk (drunkard) pe- + mabuk (drunk) Pemukul itu memukul andi pada malam hari the striker beat andi tonight 3 (e) tools or instruments: penyapu (sweeper) pe- + sapu (sapu) pemukul (striker) pe- + pukul (strike)
  • 8. The Form of Pseudo Prefix PE- There is some words apparently includes in prefix pe-. Actually, this words is from basic words that adopted or absorbed from another language or because reduplication in first syllable that started by phoneme /p/. arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
  • 9. the form of adopted: o pravira (sansekerta) perwira (officer) o pleister (holland) pelester (plaster) o voorloper (holland) pelopor (pioner) o fatwah (arabic) petuah (advice) the form of reduplication: o paya papaya pepaya (papaya) o patah papatah pepatah (advice) arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
  • 10. The Variation of Prefix PE- No Variation Phoneme Basic Form Example a ajar* pengajar (teacher) pe- i iring pengiring (accompanist) 1. u urus pengurus (manager) peng- pengolah o olah (processor) * note: prefix pe- become peng-, if adhere to basic form that started with letters a, i, u, e, o, k, g, h, kh, like in the word ajar become pengajar. Letter a assimilated to phoneme //. arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
  • 11. pe- w warta pewarta (correspondent) 1 pe- r rawat perawat (nurse) pe- d dengar pendengar (audience) 2 t tari* penari (dancer) pen- * note: prefix pe- become pen-, if adhere to basic form that started with letters d, t, c, j, sy, z, like in the word tari become penari. Letter t assimilated to phoneme /n/. arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
  • 12. 1 pe- peny- s sayang penyayang (merciful) * 2 pe- pem- f fitnah pemfitnah (backstabber) * 3 pe- penge- * tik pengetik (shorthand typist) note: prefix pe- become peny-, If adhere with all of the words started by letter s. note: prefix pe- become pem-, if adhere to basic form that started with letter b, p, f, v. Thats first letter assimilated to phoneme /m/. note: prefix pe- become penge-, if adhere to all of basic form that has one syllable. arief_boyz@rocketmail.com
  • 13. Verb lari (run) pelari (runner) bantu (assist) pembantu (assistant) Adjective marah (angry) pemarah (bully) pe- takut (afraid) penakut Noun (coward) musik (music) pemusik (musician) rokok (cigarette) perokok (smoker) Numerial satu (one) penyatu dua (two) pendua arief_boyz@rocketmail.com