Pregnancy.ppt
Download as ppt, pdf0 likes4 views
Human development progresses through several stages including pre-embryonic development, embryonic development, and fetal development. Pre-embryonic development involves fertilization and cleavage. Embryonic development includes gastrulation and organogenesis. Fetal development sees the development of reproductive organs and changes to the uterus in preparation for childbirth. Childbirth involves three stages: dilation of the cervix, expulsion of the baby, and delivery of the placenta. Various hormones help regulate development and childbirth, including estrogen, oxytocin, and prostaglandins.
1 of 35
Download to read offline
Recommended
Updated lecture 58 
Updated lecture 58 Dr Shamshad Begum loni
油
The document discusses hormonal changes during pregnancy and lactation. It identifies the placenta as an endocrine organ that produces hormones like hCG, HPL, estrogen, progesterone, and relaxin. It describes the roles and actions of these hormones in maintaining pregnancy and preparing the breasts for lactation. The document also discusses theories for the initiation of labor like the progesterone deprivation theory, oxytocin theory, and prostaglandin theory. It explains the three phases of lactation - mammogenesis, lactogenesis, and galactopoiesis - and the roles of prolactin, oxytocin, progesterone, and estrogen in breast development and milk production.PLACENTA, PARTURITION AND LACTATION
PLACENTA, PARTURITION AND LACTATIONDr Nilesh Kate
油
The document discusses the placenta, parturition, and lactation. It describes the placenta's structure and functions, including nutrient exchange, hormone production, and forming the fetoplacental unit. Parturition involves three stages: cervical dilation, delivery of the fetus, and expulsion of the placenta. Lactation also occurs in stages from breast development during pregnancy to milk production and ejection in response to suckling. Key hormones like progesterone, estrogen, prolactin, and oxytocin regulate these reproductive processes.PLACENTA, PARTURITION AND LACTATION
PLACENTA, PARTURITION AND LACTATIONDr Nilesh Kate
油
The document discusses the placenta, parturition, and lactation. It provides details on:
- The structure and functions of the placenta, including nutrient, waste, and gas exchange between mother and fetus. Hormones produced by the placenta like estrogen, progesterone, hCG, and HPL are also discussed.
- The process of parturition or labor, including the three stages of labor and the mechanisms involved like hormones like progesterone and oxytocin that regulate the initiation and progression of labor.
- The stages of lactation including mammogenesis, lactogenesis when milk production begins, and galactokinesis which is the let-down reflex stimulated by suckling that12.fertilization pregnancy and_lactation
12.fertilization pregnancy and_lactationdkonkov
油
Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes. The fertilized egg implants in the uterus and develops a placenta to receive nutrients from the mother's blood. The placenta secretes hormones like HCG, estrogen, and progesterone to sustain the pregnancy. As pregnancy progresses, the placenta takes over hormonal support from the corpus luteum. Near term, estrogen levels rise and progesterone falls, preparing the body for labor and delivery of the baby.Human birth
Human birthIram Qaiser
油
The document summarizes key aspects of human birth, including:
- Gestation typically lasts 280 days, during which the placenta secretes progesterone to maintain pregnancy. Abnormalities can cause miscarriage or preterm birth.
- Around 12 weeks, most organs have developed and the fetus grows for the rest of gestation inside the amniotic sac filled with fluid that protects and cushions the baby.
- Near birth, hormones from the baby's pituitary stimulate its adrenal glands to release corticotropin, crossing the placenta and causing a drop in the mother's progesterone. This triggers the mother's pituitary to release oxytocin, inducing labor contractions that push the baby throughPlacental function
Placental functionAnju Mandal
油
The placenta functions to transfer nutrients and waste between the mother and fetus through respiratory, excretory, and nutritive processes. It produces hormones like human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS), estrogen, and progesterone that are crucial to maintaining the pregnancy. The placenta, fetus, and maternal systems form an integrated unit where hormones are transferred between compartments to regulate processes of pregnancy and fetal development.Rb3 - Fertilization and Dev't
Rb3 - Fertilization and Dev'tserenethunder
油
1. Fertilization occurs through the acrosomal reaction and fusion of the egg and sperm membranes, allowing entry of a single sperm.
2. This triggers the fast block to polyspermy within 1/10th of a second and the cortical reaction, which changes the egg cytoplasm and hardens membranes to prevent multiple fertilization.
3. Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters. The first trimester involves rapid development and differentiation of the embryo. The placenta forms and the embryo implants in the uterine wall.Endocrinology of pregnancy
Endocrinology of pregnancyTulip Academy
油
Fertilization of the ovum prevents the regression of the corpus luteum. Instead, the corpus luteum enlarges, stimulated by the glycoprotein hormone, hCG, produced by the trophoblast (the developing placenta).
Functions of placenta
Functions of placentamariaidrees3
油
The placenta serves four main functions:
1. Nutritive - it allows nutrients, electrolytes, and hormones from the mother's blood to diffuse to the developing fetus.
2. Excretory - it excretes metabolic waste and end products from the fetus into the mother's bloodstream.
3. Respiratory - as the fetal lungs are not functional, the placenta acts as the fetus's respiratory organ by allowing oxygen to diffuse from the mother's blood to the fetus and carbon dioxide to diffuse in the opposite direction.
4. Endocrine - the placenta secretes hormones like hCG, estrogen, progesterone, HCS, and relaxin which help sustain the pregnancy andFINAL Rb3 Bio- Fertilization and Development
FINAL Rb3 Bio- Fertilization and DevelopmentJessica Kabigting
油
Dumo, Gallardo, Kabigting, Lames, Lim, Lumauig, Palomique, Panis, Ravalo
FINAL version -- 30 slides.
Good luck, friends! :)) Physiology of Parturition & Lactation
Physiology of Parturition & LactationNabeel Beeran Abdul Rahiman
油
The document summarizes the physiology of parturition (childbirth) and lactation. It describes the four stages of labor, including cervical dilation and effacement in the first stage and delivery of the baby in the second. It discusses the hormonal and mechanical factors that control parturition, such as increased estrogen and progesterone levels triggering uterine contractions. The document also explains lactogenesis, including the hormonal influences of prolactin, progesterone, estrogen and oxytocin in milk production and ejection.RbGrp3 - Fertilization and Development 
RbGrp3 - Fertilization and Development Jessica Kabigting
油
1. Fertilization involves the sperm binding to and penetrating the egg's coat and membrane, fusing with the egg and releasing its contents. This blocks further sperm from entering.
2. During the first trimester, the fertilized egg undergoes cleavage and forms a blastocyst that implants in the uterus. The placenta and fetus develop through organogenesis.
3. In the second trimester, the fetus grows substantially as the placenta takes over hormone production. In the third trimester, the fetus grows more while the mother's body prepares for birth through hormonal changes.Role of hormones during pregnancy
Role of hormones during pregnancypaaruselvam
油
During pregnancy, the endocrine system undergoes several changes. The anterior pituitary enlarges due to increased lactotroph cells. Gonadotroph and somatotroph levels decrease while ACTH increases and then drops before delivery. The thyroid gland increases in size due to hCG and estrogen. The adrenal glands increase cortisol secretion due to higher ACTH levels. Hormones produced include hCG, progesterone, estrogen, relaxin, oxytocin and prolactin, each playing an important role in fetal development, uterine changes, and preparing the body for delivery. Hormone levels fluctuate through the three trimesters to support the ongoing changes.Placenta as an endocrine organ
Placenta as an endocrine organBurhan Umer
油
The placenta functions as both the lungs and liver of the fetus. It allows for the transfer of nutrients from mother to fetus and waste from fetus to mother through the maternal bloodstream. The placenta is also an endocrine organ that secretes hormones like hCG, estrogen, progesterone, and human chorionic somatomammotropin without external control. These hormones help maintain the corpus luteum and pregnancy by affecting the uterus, breasts, and other tissues.kehamilan.pptx
kehamilan.pptxMazzRudy
油
The document summarizes the hormonal control of pregnancy in humans. It discusses the roles of estrogen, progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), corticotropin, oxytocin and relaxin hormones. These hormones regulate maternal changes, fetal development, and the timing of birth. The levels and functions of each hormone are described in detail. The document also provides an overview of the hormonal mechanisms that maintain pregnancy and parturition.hormonal control of pregnancy
hormonal control of pregnancysrijon ghosh
油
The document summarizes the hormonal control of pregnancy in humans. It discusses the roles of estrogen, progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), corticotropin, oxytocin, and relaxin hormones. It explains how these hormones regulate maternal changes, fetal development, and parturition. The menstrual cycle and corpus luteum are involved in early pregnancy hormone production before the placenta takes over this role. Precise levels and timing of various hormones are necessary for normal progression and conclusion of pregnancy.onset and endocrine control of Parturition.docx
onset and endocrine control of Parturition.docxdharti bandarwar
油
The onset of parturition, commonly known as labor, is a complex physiological process that marks the culmination of pregnancy and the initiation of the birthing process. This intricate sequence of events involves a series of hormonal, mechanical, and neurological changes that ultimately lead to the expulsion of the fetus from the mother's uterus. Understanding the onset of parturition requires a comprehensive exploration of the various stages and factors involved.
The process of parturition can be broadly categorized into three main stages: pre-labor, labor, and post-labor. The pre-labor stage encompasses the preparatory changes occurring in the days and weeks leading up to labor, while the labor stage involves the actual contractions and cervical dilation facilitating delivery. The post-labor stage involves the expulsion of the placenta and the initial postpartum adjustments.
The hormonal regulation of parturition is a crucial aspect of its onset. Throughout pregnancy, the placenta produces progesterone, a hormone that maintains the uterine environment and prevents premature contractions. As term approaches, the ratio of progesterone to estrogen changes, leading to a decline in progesterone levels and a subsequent increase in estrogen. This shift triggers a cascade of events, including the activation of uterine contractions and the initiation of cervical ripening.
The role of oxytocin, often referred to as the "love hormone" or "cuddle hormone," is paramount in the onset of labor. Produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions. Additionally, oxytocin plays a crucial role in the positive feedback loop of labor as contractions intensify, more oxytocin is released, further promoting labor progression.
Mechanical factors also contribute to the onset of parturition. The growing fetus applies pressure on the cervix and uterine walls, leading to the release of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that promote uterine contractions and cervical ripening. The combination of hormonal changes and mechanical pressure creates a synergistic effect, fostering the progression of labor.
The intricate interplay between the maternal-fetal unit and the surrounding environment further influences the onset of parturition. Maternal stress, for instance, can impact the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which, in turn, influences the production of other hormones involved in labor. Moreover, the fetus itself plays an active role in signaling its readiness for delivery through various molecular signals.
The onset of labor is often heralded by a set of common signs. These may include the engagement of the fetal head into the pelvis, the "bloody show" a discharge of mucus mixed with blood resulting from cervical changes, and the rupture of the amniotic sac, leading to the release of amniotic fluid. These signs, in conjunction with regular and increasingly intense contractions.Lactation.pptx
Lactation.pptxMachoInglishMan
油
Lactation is the process of milk production and ejection from mammary glands. It involves mammogenesis, lactogenesis, galactokinesis, and galactopoiesis. Oxytocin and prolactin play key roles - oxytocin causes milk ejection in response to suckling, while prolactin maintains milk production. The suckling stimulus increases oxytocin and prolactin levels, which inhibits the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis to cause lactation amenorrhea through decreased GnRH and LH pulses. This document outlines the phases and hormonal mechanisms of lactation and lactation-induced amenorrhea.18. Pregnancy, Development, and Lactation
18. Pregnancy, Development, and LactationSUNY Ulster
油
The document describes key processes in pregnancy and lactation including fertilization, implantation, placenta formation, fetal development through the trimesters, parturition, mammary gland development, colostrum production, and lactation. It provides details on the structures and functions of the placenta, umbilical cord, mammary glands, as well as the hormonal factors involved in pregnancy, birth, and nursing.Physiology of lactation
Physiology of lactationDr Nilesh Kate
油
This document discusses the physiology of lactation. It begins by describing the development of the breast from embryogenesis through pregnancy and lactation. It then covers the functional anatomy of the breast and the histological structure. The document discusses the role of hormones such as prolactin, estrogen, and progesterone in breast development and lactation. It explains the phases of lactation including mammogenesis, lactogenesis, galactokinesis, and galactopoiesis. Finally, it covers the composition and formation of human milk and the advantages of breastfeeding for both mother and baby.Human Placenta Birth Lactation
Human Placenta Birth LactationSAROJ KUMAR PUJHARI
油
The document discusses the development of the placenta and extraembryonic membranes during pregnancy. It describes how the chorion, amnion, allantois and yolk sac form and their functions. It also explains the structure and functions of the human placenta. The three trimesters of pregnancy are outlined, describing fetal development in each. The process of birth and the roles of hormones like oxytocin and prostaglandins are summarized. Lactation and milk production triggered by prolactin is also mentioned.PHYSIOLOGY OF LACTATION
PHYSIOLOGY OF LACTATIONDr Nilesh Kate
油
This document summarizes the physiology of lactation. It discusses the development of breasts from embryogenesis through pregnancy and lactation. It describes the anatomy and histology of breasts. It explains the role of hormones such as prolactin, estrogen, and progesterone in breast development and milk production. It discusses the phases of lactation including mammogenesis, lactogenesis, galactokinesis, and galactopoiesis. It also covers the composition and formation of human milk and the advantages of breastfeeding for both mothers and babies.Physiology of pregnancy, placental hormones , parturition
Physiology of pregnancy, placental hormones , parturitionshallu kotwal
油
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman. A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. Pregnancy can occur by sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology.HORMONAL REGULATION OF OVULATION,PREGNANCY,PARTURITION
HORMONAL REGULATION OF OVULATION,PREGNANCY,PARTURITIONSudarshan Gokhale
油
The document discusses the hormonal regulation of ovulation, pregnancy, and parturition. It describes the key hormones involved in each process, including estrogen, progesterone, LH, FSH, hCG, relaxin, corticotropin, and oxytocin. Ovulation is regulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland releasing hormones like LH and FSH. Pregnancy involves changes in the maternal body and is maintained by hormones like estrogen, progesterone, hCG, and corticotropin. Parturition is triggered by a drop in progesterone and rise in oxytocin, relaxing ligaments and stimulating uterine contractions.Prolactin & Oxytocin.pptx
Prolactin & Oxytocin.pptxN3LUMBO
油
This document summarizes information about the hormones oxytocin and prolactin. It discusses where oxytocin is secreted in the body, its actions on mammary glands and the uterus, and its role in milk ejection and childbirth. It also discusses where prolactin is synthesized, its role in lactation, what stimulates its secretion, and the symptoms and causes of hypo- and hyperprolactinemia. Diagnosis and treatment approaches for different prolactin-related conditions are also summarized.INTEGRATED EFFECTS OF HORMONES IN MAINTENANCE OF PREGNANCY-share.pptx
INTEGRATED EFFECTS OF HORMONES IN MAINTENANCE OF PREGNANCY-share.pptxIreneVuremy
油
effects of hormones in pregnancy
More Related Content
Similar to Pregnancy.ppt (20)
Functions of placenta
Functions of placentamariaidrees3
油
The placenta serves four main functions:
1. Nutritive - it allows nutrients, electrolytes, and hormones from the mother's blood to diffuse to the developing fetus.
2. Excretory - it excretes metabolic waste and end products from the fetus into the mother's bloodstream.
3. Respiratory - as the fetal lungs are not functional, the placenta acts as the fetus's respiratory organ by allowing oxygen to diffuse from the mother's blood to the fetus and carbon dioxide to diffuse in the opposite direction.
4. Endocrine - the placenta secretes hormones like hCG, estrogen, progesterone, HCS, and relaxin which help sustain the pregnancy andFINAL Rb3 Bio- Fertilization and Development
FINAL Rb3 Bio- Fertilization and DevelopmentJessica Kabigting
油
Dumo, Gallardo, Kabigting, Lames, Lim, Lumauig, Palomique, Panis, Ravalo
FINAL version -- 30 slides.
Good luck, friends! :)) Physiology of Parturition & Lactation
Physiology of Parturition & LactationNabeel Beeran Abdul Rahiman
油
The document summarizes the physiology of parturition (childbirth) and lactation. It describes the four stages of labor, including cervical dilation and effacement in the first stage and delivery of the baby in the second. It discusses the hormonal and mechanical factors that control parturition, such as increased estrogen and progesterone levels triggering uterine contractions. The document also explains lactogenesis, including the hormonal influences of prolactin, progesterone, estrogen and oxytocin in milk production and ejection.RbGrp3 - Fertilization and Development
RbGrp3 - Fertilization and Development Jessica Kabigting
油
1. Fertilization involves the sperm binding to and penetrating the egg's coat and membrane, fusing with the egg and releasing its contents. This blocks further sperm from entering.
2. During the first trimester, the fertilized egg undergoes cleavage and forms a blastocyst that implants in the uterus. The placenta and fetus develop through organogenesis.
3. In the second trimester, the fetus grows substantially as the placenta takes over hormone production. In the third trimester, the fetus grows more while the mother's body prepares for birth through hormonal changes.Role of hormones during pregnancy
Role of hormones during pregnancypaaruselvam
油
During pregnancy, the endocrine system undergoes several changes. The anterior pituitary enlarges due to increased lactotroph cells. Gonadotroph and somatotroph levels decrease while ACTH increases and then drops before delivery. The thyroid gland increases in size due to hCG and estrogen. The adrenal glands increase cortisol secretion due to higher ACTH levels. Hormones produced include hCG, progesterone, estrogen, relaxin, oxytocin and prolactin, each playing an important role in fetal development, uterine changes, and preparing the body for delivery. Hormone levels fluctuate through the three trimesters to support the ongoing changes.Placenta as an endocrine organ
Placenta as an endocrine organBurhan Umer
油
The placenta functions as both the lungs and liver of the fetus. It allows for the transfer of nutrients from mother to fetus and waste from fetus to mother through the maternal bloodstream. The placenta is also an endocrine organ that secretes hormones like hCG, estrogen, progesterone, and human chorionic somatomammotropin without external control. These hormones help maintain the corpus luteum and pregnancy by affecting the uterus, breasts, and other tissues.kehamilan.pptx
kehamilan.pptxMazzRudy
油
The document summarizes the hormonal control of pregnancy in humans. It discusses the roles of estrogen, progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), corticotropin, oxytocin and relaxin hormones. These hormones regulate maternal changes, fetal development, and the timing of birth. The levels and functions of each hormone are described in detail. The document also provides an overview of the hormonal mechanisms that maintain pregnancy and parturition.hormonal control of pregnancy
hormonal control of pregnancysrijon ghosh
油
The document summarizes the hormonal control of pregnancy in humans. It discusses the roles of estrogen, progesterone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), corticotropin, oxytocin, and relaxin hormones. It explains how these hormones regulate maternal changes, fetal development, and parturition. The menstrual cycle and corpus luteum are involved in early pregnancy hormone production before the placenta takes over this role. Precise levels and timing of various hormones are necessary for normal progression and conclusion of pregnancy.onset and endocrine control of Parturition.docx
onset and endocrine control of Parturition.docxdharti bandarwar
油
The onset of parturition, commonly known as labor, is a complex physiological process that marks the culmination of pregnancy and the initiation of the birthing process. This intricate sequence of events involves a series of hormonal, mechanical, and neurological changes that ultimately lead to the expulsion of the fetus from the mother's uterus. Understanding the onset of parturition requires a comprehensive exploration of the various stages and factors involved.
The process of parturition can be broadly categorized into three main stages: pre-labor, labor, and post-labor. The pre-labor stage encompasses the preparatory changes occurring in the days and weeks leading up to labor, while the labor stage involves the actual contractions and cervical dilation facilitating delivery. The post-labor stage involves the expulsion of the placenta and the initial postpartum adjustments.
The hormonal regulation of parturition is a crucial aspect of its onset. Throughout pregnancy, the placenta produces progesterone, a hormone that maintains the uterine environment and prevents premature contractions. As term approaches, the ratio of progesterone to estrogen changes, leading to a decline in progesterone levels and a subsequent increase in estrogen. This shift triggers a cascade of events, including the activation of uterine contractions and the initiation of cervical ripening.
The role of oxytocin, often referred to as the "love hormone" or "cuddle hormone," is paramount in the onset of labor. Produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions. Additionally, oxytocin plays a crucial role in the positive feedback loop of labor as contractions intensify, more oxytocin is released, further promoting labor progression.
Mechanical factors also contribute to the onset of parturition. The growing fetus applies pressure on the cervix and uterine walls, leading to the release of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that promote uterine contractions and cervical ripening. The combination of hormonal changes and mechanical pressure creates a synergistic effect, fostering the progression of labor.
The intricate interplay between the maternal-fetal unit and the surrounding environment further influences the onset of parturition. Maternal stress, for instance, can impact the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which, in turn, influences the production of other hormones involved in labor. Moreover, the fetus itself plays an active role in signaling its readiness for delivery through various molecular signals.
The onset of labor is often heralded by a set of common signs. These may include the engagement of the fetal head into the pelvis, the "bloody show" a discharge of mucus mixed with blood resulting from cervical changes, and the rupture of the amniotic sac, leading to the release of amniotic fluid. These signs, in conjunction with regular and increasingly intense contractions.Lactation.pptx
Lactation.pptxMachoInglishMan
油
Lactation is the process of milk production and ejection from mammary glands. It involves mammogenesis, lactogenesis, galactokinesis, and galactopoiesis. Oxytocin and prolactin play key roles - oxytocin causes milk ejection in response to suckling, while prolactin maintains milk production. The suckling stimulus increases oxytocin and prolactin levels, which inhibits the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis to cause lactation amenorrhea through decreased GnRH and LH pulses. This document outlines the phases and hormonal mechanisms of lactation and lactation-induced amenorrhea.18. Pregnancy, Development, and Lactation
18. Pregnancy, Development, and LactationSUNY Ulster
油
The document describes key processes in pregnancy and lactation including fertilization, implantation, placenta formation, fetal development through the trimesters, parturition, mammary gland development, colostrum production, and lactation. It provides details on the structures and functions of the placenta, umbilical cord, mammary glands, as well as the hormonal factors involved in pregnancy, birth, and nursing.Physiology of lactation
Physiology of lactationDr Nilesh Kate
油
This document discusses the physiology of lactation. It begins by describing the development of the breast from embryogenesis through pregnancy and lactation. It then covers the functional anatomy of the breast and the histological structure. The document discusses the role of hormones such as prolactin, estrogen, and progesterone in breast development and lactation. It explains the phases of lactation including mammogenesis, lactogenesis, galactokinesis, and galactopoiesis. Finally, it covers the composition and formation of human milk and the advantages of breastfeeding for both mother and baby.Human Placenta Birth Lactation
Human Placenta Birth LactationSAROJ KUMAR PUJHARI
油
The document discusses the development of the placenta and extraembryonic membranes during pregnancy. It describes how the chorion, amnion, allantois and yolk sac form and their functions. It also explains the structure and functions of the human placenta. The three trimesters of pregnancy are outlined, describing fetal development in each. The process of birth and the roles of hormones like oxytocin and prostaglandins are summarized. Lactation and milk production triggered by prolactin is also mentioned.PHYSIOLOGY OF LACTATION
PHYSIOLOGY OF LACTATIONDr Nilesh Kate
油
This document summarizes the physiology of lactation. It discusses the development of breasts from embryogenesis through pregnancy and lactation. It describes the anatomy and histology of breasts. It explains the role of hormones such as prolactin, estrogen, and progesterone in breast development and milk production. It discusses the phases of lactation including mammogenesis, lactogenesis, galactokinesis, and galactopoiesis. It also covers the composition and formation of human milk and the advantages of breastfeeding for both mothers and babies.Physiology of pregnancy, placental hormones , parturition
Physiology of pregnancy, placental hormones , parturitionshallu kotwal
油
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman. A multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as with twins. Pregnancy can occur by sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology.HORMONAL REGULATION OF OVULATION,PREGNANCY,PARTURITION
HORMONAL REGULATION OF OVULATION,PREGNANCY,PARTURITIONSudarshan Gokhale
油
The document discusses the hormonal regulation of ovulation, pregnancy, and parturition. It describes the key hormones involved in each process, including estrogen, progesterone, LH, FSH, hCG, relaxin, corticotropin, and oxytocin. Ovulation is regulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland releasing hormones like LH and FSH. Pregnancy involves changes in the maternal body and is maintained by hormones like estrogen, progesterone, hCG, and corticotropin. Parturition is triggered by a drop in progesterone and rise in oxytocin, relaxing ligaments and stimulating uterine contractions.Prolactin & Oxytocin.pptx
Prolactin & Oxytocin.pptxN3LUMBO
油
This document summarizes information about the hormones oxytocin and prolactin. It discusses where oxytocin is secreted in the body, its actions on mammary glands and the uterus, and its role in milk ejection and childbirth. It also discusses where prolactin is synthesized, its role in lactation, what stimulates its secretion, and the symptoms and causes of hypo- and hyperprolactinemia. Diagnosis and treatment approaches for different prolactin-related conditions are also summarized.INTEGRATED EFFECTS OF HORMONES IN MAINTENANCE OF PREGNANCY-share.pptx
INTEGRATED EFFECTS OF HORMONES IN MAINTENANCE OF PREGNANCY-share.pptxIreneVuremy
油
effects of hormones in pregnancyMore from Sudha Sudha (20)
sonia-150921033640-lva1-app6892.ppt translation in prokaryotes
sonia-150921033640-lva1-app6892.ppt translation in prokaryotesSudha Sudha
油
Translation in prokaryotes involves three main stages - initiation, elongation, and termination. During initiation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to an mRNA with help from initiation factors and forms the initiation complex. In elongation, tRNAs bring amino acids to the ribosome according to mRNA codons and peptide bonds are formed. Termination occurs when a stop codon signals for the release of the completed polypeptide chain. The process requires several tools including ribosomes, tRNAs, mRNA, and various factors to synthesize proteins from genetic messages.36.ppt protein synthesis inhibitors prokaryotes
36.ppt protein synthesis inhibitors prokaryotesSudha Sudha
油
This document discusses protein synthesis inhibitors and newer antibiotics, focusing on tetracyclines. It provides details on:
1) The history and development of tetracycline antibiotics from the 1940s onward.
2) The mechanism of action of tetracyclines, which involves binding to the 30S bacterial ribosome to inhibit protein synthesis.
3) The spectrum of activity of various tetracyclines against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as other microorganisms.Catabolism of Amino Acids.ppt degradation of aminoacids
Catabolism of Amino Acids.ppt degradation of aminoacidsSudha Sudha
油
The document discusses amino acid metabolism in mammals. It covers protein catabolism, which breaks down proteins into amino acids. Amino acids can then be used for biosynthesis of new proteins or undergo catabolism. During catabolism, the amino group is often removed through transamination or oxidative deamination, producing ammonia as a byproduct. The carbon skeleton is altered for entry into central carbon metabolism pathways. Transamination involves transferring the amino group between amino acids, while deamination produces ammonia. The liver plays a key role in processing excess amino groups through the urea cycle before excretion.lecture27.ppt hypothalamus and pituitary gland
lecture27.ppt hypothalamus and pituitary glandSudha Sudha
油
The document discusses the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and how it regulates stress responses. It describes how the hypothalamus secretes hormones that signal the pituitary gland, which in turn signals the adrenal glands to release cortisol and other hormones into the bloodstream. While some changes may occur with aging, such as alterations in circadian rhythm, the HPA axis compensates to keep hormone levels stable. Under stress, the HPA axis coordinates both specific and nonspecific responses through neural, endocrine, and immune signaling to mobilize the body's defenses.endocrine_physiology_2.ppt hypothalamic hormones
endocrine_physiology_2.ppt hypothalamic hormonesSudha Sudha
油
The anterior pituitary produces six hormones: prolactin, growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. These hormones are regulated by feedback from their target organs/tissues on the hypothalamus and pituitary. The document discusses the cell types that produce each hormone, their targets, and mechanisms of feedback regulation. It also covers specific hormones and conditions in more detail, including ACTH regulation and diseases like Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease.30976_Blood_L3_Hemostasis_pt_08[1]3.ppt![30976_Blood_L3_Hemostasis_pt_08[1]3.ppt](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/30976bloodl3hemostasispt0813-240121052416-03aa7e05-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
30976_Blood_L3_Hemostasis_pt_08[1]3.pptSudha Sudha
油
This document is a lecture on haemostasis (the prevention of blood loss). It discusses the four main steps of haemostasis: 1) vascular spasm, 2) platelet reaction, 3) formation of a platelet plug, and 4) blood coagulation. It describes how platelets adhere and aggregate to form a platelet plug when a blood vessel is injured, activating the coagulation cascade and ultimately leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin to form a blood clot. The coagulation cascade involves both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways that activate coagulation factors in a cascade to form a fibrin clot and stop bleeding.4.1. KULIAH KEMAJIRAN INTRODUCTION.pdf
4.1. KULIAH KEMAJIRAN INTRODUCTION.pdfSudha Sudha
油
This document provides an introductory lecture on infertility and sterility for veterinary students. It discusses the key reproductive organs and hormones involved in the estrous cycle. It describes how the hypothalamus and pituitary gland regulate reproduction and the roles of the ovaries, uterus, cervix and other female organs. It then covers factors that can influence infertility and sterility, including endocrinological disorders, mismanagement, reproductive diseases, anatomical defects, and environmental defects. Finally, it discusses reproductive efficiency and various reproductive indices used to measure performance.Sex determination and differentiation.ppt
Sex determination and differentiation.pptSudha Sudha
油
The document discusses genetic, endocrine and biochemical aspects of testis and ovarian differentiation and development. It begins by explaining that chromosomal sex determination as XY or XX is the first step, followed by sex determination committing the bipotential gonad to a testis or ovary. In males, testis determination occurs around 6 weeks gestation where Sertoli and Leydig cells form and secrete anti-Mullerian hormone and testosterone respectively. In females, ovarian determination occurs around 7 weeks where follicular cells form primordial follicles. Key genes involved in each pathway are also discussed.female_anatomy.pptx
female_anatomy.pptxSudha Sudha
油
The document provides an overview of the female reproductive system including:
- A tentative plan to cover the ovaries, hormones, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and tests.
- The primary sex organs: ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina, and cervix.
- The function of the ovaries in oogenesis and secreting hormones.
- Follicle development in the ovaries and the roles of granulosa and theca cells.
- An overview of the ovarian, uterine, and menstrual cycles.Recently uploaded (20)
How to Create a Stage or a Pipeline in Odoo 18 CRM
How to Create a Stage or a Pipeline in Odoo 18 CRMCeline George
油
In Odoo, the CRM (Customer Relationship Management) modules pipeline is a visual representation of a company's sales process that helps sales teams track and manage their interactions with potential customers. Types of Actions in Odoo 18 - Odoo 際際滷s
Types of Actions in Odoo 18 - Odoo 際際滷sCeline George
油
In Odoo, actions define the system's response to user interactions, like logging in or clicking buttons. They can be stored in the database or returned as dictionaries in methods. Odoo offers various action types for different purposes.Critical Thinking and Bias with Jibi Moses
Critical Thinking and Bias with Jibi MosesExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
油
The PDF titled "Critical Thinking and Bias" by Jibi Moses aims to equip a diverse audience from South Sudan with the knowledge and skills necessary to identify and challenge biases and stereotypes. It focuses on developing critical thinking abilities and promoting inclusive attitudes to foster a more cohesive and just society. It defines bias as a tendency or prejudice affecting perception and interactions, categorizing it into conscious and unconscious (implicit) biases. The content highlights the impact of societal and cultural conditioning on these biases, particularly within the South Sudanese context.Stewart Butler - OECD - How to design and deliver higher technical education ...
Stewart Butler - OECD - How to design and deliver higher technical education ...EduSkills OECD
油
Stewart Butler, Labour Market Economist at the OECD presents at the webinar 'How to design and deliver higher technical education to develop in-demand skills' on 3 June 2025. You can check out the webinar recording via our website - https://oecdedutoday.com/webinars/ .
You can check out the Higher Technical Education in England report via this link - https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/higher-technical-education-in-england-united-kingdom_7c00dff7-en.html
You can check out the pathways to professions report here https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pathways-to-professions_a81152f4-en.htmlLDMMIA About me 2025 Edition 3 College Volume
LDMMIA About me 2025 Edition 3 College VolumeLDM & Mia eStudios
油
Updated About Me. Used for former college assignments.
Make sure to catch our weekly updates. Updates are done Thursday to Fridays or its a holiday/event weekend.
Thanks again, Readers, Guest Students, and Loyalz/teams.
This profile is older. I started at the beginning of my HQ journey online. It was recommended by AI. AI was very selective but fits my ecourse style. I am media flexible depending on the course platform. More information below.
AI Overview:
LDMMIA Reiki Yoga refers to a specific program of free online workshops focused on integrating Reiki energy healing techniques with yoga practices. These workshops are led by Leslie M. Moore, also known as LDMMIA, and are designed for all levels, from beginners to those seeking to review their practice. The sessions explore various themes like "Matrix," "Alice in Wonderland," and "Goddess," focusing on self-discovery, inner healing, and shifting personal realities.
Odoo 18 Point of Sale PWA - Odoo 際際滷s
Odoo 18 Point of Sale PWA - Odoo 際際滷sCeline George
油
Progressive Web Apps (PWA) are web applications that deliver an app-like experience using modern web technologies, offering features like offline functionality, installability, and responsiveness across devices. Active Surveillance For Localized Prostate Cancer A New Paradigm For Clinical...
Active Surveillance For Localized Prostate Cancer A New Paradigm For Clinical...wygalkelceqg
油
Active Surveillance For Localized Prostate Cancer A New Paradigm For Clinical Management 2nd Ed Klotz
Active Surveillance For Localized Prostate Cancer A New Paradigm For Clinical Management 2nd Ed Klotz
Active Surveillance For Localized Prostate Cancer A New Paradigm For Clinical Management 2nd Ed Klotz
TechSoup Microsoft Copilot Nonprofit Use Cases and Live Demo - 2025.05.28.pdf
TechSoup Microsoft Copilot Nonprofit Use Cases and Live Demo - 2025.05.28.pdfTechSoup
油
In this webinar we will dive into the essentials of generative AI, address key AI concerns, and demonstrate how nonprofits can benefit from using Microsofts AI assistant, Copilot, to achieve their goals.
This event series to help nonprofits obtain Copilot skills is made possible by generous support from Microsoft.Exploring Identity Through Colombian Companies
Exploring Identity Through Colombian CompaniesOlgaLeonorTorresSnch
油
Students will research and orally present a Colombian company using a visual tool, in order to develop their communication skills and intercultural understanding through the exploration of identity, innovation, and local culture, in connection with the IB global themes.Order Lepidoptera: Butterflies and Moths.pptx
Order Lepidoptera: Butterflies and Moths.pptxArshad Shaikh
油
Lepidoptera is an order of insects comprising butterflies and moths. Characterized by scaly wings and a distinct life cycle, Lepidoptera undergo metamorphosis from egg to larva (caterpillar) to pupa (chrysalis or cocoon) and finally to adult. With over 180,000 described species, they exhibit incredible diversity in form, behavior, and habitat, playing vital roles in ecosystems as pollinators, herbivores, and prey. Their striking colors, patterns, and adaptations make them a fascinating group for study and appreciation.POS Reporting in Odoo 18 - Odoo 18 際際滷s
POS Reporting in Odoo 18 - Odoo 18 際際滷sCeline George
油
To view all the available reports in Point of Sale, navigate to Point of Sale > Reporting. In this section, you will find detailed reports such as the Orders Report, Sales Details Report, and Session Report, as shown below.PHYSIOLOGY & SPORTS INJURY by Diwakar Sir
PHYSIOLOGY & SPORTS INJURY by Diwakar SirDiwakar Kashyap
油
Diwakar Kashyap
M.P.Ed., M.A.Yoga, Ph.D.(Pursuing)
Athletics & Yoga Coach
Department of Physical Education & Sports
Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University)
Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India 249404
Mob. - +919808828367Writing Research Papers: Guidance for Research Community
Writing Research Papers: Guidance for Research CommunityRishi Bankim Chandra Evening College, Naihati, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India
油
This study describe how to write the Research Paper and its related issues. It also presents the major sections of Research Paper and various tools & techniques used for Polishing Research Paper
before final submission.
Finding a Right Journal and Publication Ethics are explain in brief.
0b - THE ROMANTIC ERA: FEELINGS AND IDENTITY.pptx
0b - THE ROMANTIC ERA: FEELINGS AND IDENTITY.pptxJuli叩n Jes炭s P辿rez Fern叩ndez
油
Powerpoint introductorio en ingl辿s sobre el Romanticismo.Introduction to Online CME for Nurse Practitioners.pdf
Introduction to Online CME for Nurse Practitioners.pdfCME4Life
油
Online CME for nurse practitioners provides a flexible, cost-effective way to stay current with evidence-based practices and earn required credits without interrupting clinical duties. Accredited platforms offer a wide range of self-paced coursescomplete with interactive case studies, downloadable resources, and immediate digital certificatesthat fit around demanding schedules. By choosing trusted providers, practitioners gain in-depth knowledge on emerging treatments, refine diagnostic and patient-management skills, and build professional credibility. Know more at https://cme4life.com/the-benefits-of-online-cme-for-nurse-practitioners/How to Create Time Off Request in Odoo 18 Time Off
How to Create Time Off Request in Odoo 18 Time OffCeline George
油
Odoo 18 provides an efficient way to manage employee leave through the Time Off module. Employees can easily submit requests, and managers can approve or reject them based on company policies."Orthoptera: Grasshoppers, Crickets, and Katydids pptx
"Orthoptera: Grasshoppers, Crickets, and Katydids pptxArshad Shaikh
油
Orthoptera is an order of insects that includes grasshoppers, crickets, and katydids. Characterized by their powerful hind legs, Orthoptera are known for their impressive jumping ability. With diverse species, they inhabit various environments, playing important roles in ecosystems as herbivores and prey. Their sounds, often produced through stridulation, are distinctive features of many species.Order: Odonata Isoptera and Thysanoptera.pptx
Order: Odonata Isoptera and Thysanoptera.pptxArshad Shaikh
油
*Odonata*: Odonata is an order of insects that includes dragonflies and damselflies. Characterized by their large, compound eyes and agile flight, they are predators that feed on other insects, playing a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance.
*Isoptera*: Isoptera is an order of social insects commonly known as termites. These eusocial creatures live in colonies with complex social hierarchies and are known for their ability to decompose wood and other cellulose-based materials, playing a significant role in ecosystem nutrient cycling.
*Thysanoptera*: Thysanoptera, or thrips, are tiny insects with fringed wings. Many species are pests that feed on plant sap, transmitting plant viruses and causing damage to crops and ornamental plants. Despite their small size, they have significant impacts on agriculture and horticulture.Coleoptera: The Largest Insect Order.pptx
Coleoptera: The Largest Insect Order.pptxArshad Shaikh
油
Coleoptera, commonly known as beetles, is the largest order of insects, comprising approximately 400,000 described species. Beetles can be found in almost every habitat on Earth, exhibiting a wide range of morphological, behavioral, and ecological diversity. They have a hardened exoskeleton, with the forewings modified into elytra that protect the hind wings. Beetles play important roles in ecosystems as decomposers, pollinators, and food sources for other animals, while some species are considered pests in agriculture and forestry.Writing Research Papers: Guidance for Research Community
Writing Research Papers: Guidance for Research CommunityRishi Bankim Chandra Evening College, Naihati, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India
油
Pregnancy.ppt
- 3. Stages of Development Pre-Embryonic Development Fertilization Cleavage Embryonic Development Gastrulation Organogenesis Fetal Development
- 8. sperm head
- 10. Cleavage
- 11. Cleavage
- 12. Implantation
- 22. The Placenta
- 23. The Placenta
- 27. Stages of Childbirth or Labor Dilation Stage Expulsion Stage Placental Stage
- 28. Dilation Stage
- 29. Expulsion Stage
- 30. Placental Stage
- 31. Hormones Involved in Labor Estrogen Fetal Oxytocin Placental Prostaglandins Maternal Oxytocin Relaxin
- 32. Fig. 46-18 Estradiol Oxytocin from ovaries Induces oxytocin receptors on uterus from fetus and mothers posterior pituitary Stimulates uterus to contract Stimulates placenta to make Prostaglandins Stimulate more contractions of uterus Positive feedback + +
- 33. Mammary Gland
- 34. Hormones Involved in Lactation Estrogen & Progesterone Prolactin Releasing Hormone Prolactin Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin Oxytocin