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presentation in science 6-Constellations - LESSON.ppt
- 1. THE CONSTELLATIONS Origins Star patterns named by ancient peoples after gods, goddesses, animals, monsters, and mythic heroes. The constellations used by Western Culture today originated in Mesopotamia around 3,000 B.C.
- 3. WHAT ARE CONSTELLATIONS? A group of stars that form a pattern in the sky.
- 5. COOL FACTS ABOUT CONSTELLATIONS There are 88 constellations The constellations you see depend on your location, date, and time. Most have legends, myths, or stories behind them.
- 6. WHAT IS AN ASTERISM? In addition to the 88 official constellations there are several unofficial but popular star patterns. Called asterisms. Examples: The Big Dipper The Little Dipper The Northern Cross The Great Square
- 7. HOW DO YOU FIND THEM? Planisphere or Star Wheel
- 8. WHY DO THE STARS APPEAR TO MOVE IN THE NIGHT SKY?
- 9. EARTHS ROTATION! Stars in the northern hemisphere appear to rotate around Polaris (the north star) Polaris aligns with the axis of rotation for the Earth: The North Pole
- 10. THE STARS SEEM TO SPIN AROUND THE NORTH STAR (POLARIS) North Star
- 11. POLARIS: THE NORTH STAR As the Earth rotates on its axis its celestial north pole remains directly in line with Polaris. This forms the circles seen in the previous photograph
- 12. YOU SEE DIFFERENT CONSTELLATIONS FROM EACH HEMISPHERE. Southern Hemisphere Northern Hemisphere
- 13. NOW, FOR A TOUR OF THE SEVEN MAJOR CONSTELLATIONS Cassiopeia Orion Cygnus Ursa major Scorpius Ursa minor Draco
- 14. CASSIOPEIA THE QUEEN
- 15. CASSIOPEIA THE QUEEN Brightest Star Schedar Best season to view all year The Myth: Cassiopeia was the queen of Ethiopia. She was so proud of her beauty and bragged about it. She offended the sea god Poseidon. He sent a sea monster to attack her kingdom and teach her some humility. According to the legend, the sea god Poseidon placed the figure of Cassiopeia among the stars to remind people of her vanity.
- 16. CYGNUS THE 皆安粥鰻
- 17. CYGNUS THE 皆安粥鰻 Brightest Star Deneb Best season to view all year The Myth: One day three hunters were hiking through the forest when they came upon a clear lake. The lake was home to many birds including a beautiful snow goose. One hunter shot his bow and the snow goose fell into the lake. As the sky darkened, the spirit of the snow goose formed a constellation in the sky.
- 19. SCORPIUS THE SCORPION Brightest Star Antares Best season to view summer The Myth: To the ancient Greeks, the constellation Scorpius was the image of a scorpion. The constellation was related to the death of the giant hunter Orion. There are several different stories about Orion's death. According to one story, Orion wanted to kill all the earth's wild animals, but the Earth goddess Gaia got angry because she made the animals. The goddess sent a scorpion to attack Orion. The scorpion stung Orion to death with its tail. As a reward, Gaia changed the insect into a constellation.
- 20. ORION THE 堰雨鰻意掘檎
- 21. ORION THE 堰雨鰻意掘檎 Brightest Star Rigel and Betelgeuse Best season to view the winter The Myth: Orion was a very good hunter, but also boastful. Gaia, the goddess of Earth, became fed up with Orions boast so she sent a deadly scorpion to kill the hunter. The scorpion ended Orions bragging. Both Orion and Scorpius were placed in the sky but to avoid any further battles, they are never in the sky at the same time. Orion is seen in the winter and Scorpius is seen in the summer.
- 22. URSA MAJOR BIG BEAR
- 23. URSA MAJOR BIG BEAR Brightest Star Dubhe and Merak Best season to view all year The Myth: Zeus, king of the gods, fell in love with Callisto. Together they had a son, Arcas. Zeus changed Callisto into a bear to protect her from his jealous wife, Hera. When Arcas grew up, he almost shot his mother by mistake. Zeus protected Callisto by changing Arcas into another bear (Ursa Minor- Little Dipper) and placing both bears in the sky.
- 24. URSA MINOR LITTLE BEAR Ursa Minor, aka, Little Bear, contains the Little Dipper and the North Star, Polaris
- 25. URSA MINOR LITTLE BEAR Brightest Star Polaris Best season to view all year Remember Zeus loved Callisto and changed her into a bear to protect her from his jealous wife. Arcas liked to hunt and almost killed his mother, Callisto, Big Bear. Zeus decided to also change Arcas into a bear to protect both his son and his lover. He placed both bears in the sky together.
- 26. DRACO THE 禽檎粥赫或鰻
- 27. DRACO THE 禽檎粥赫或鰻 Draco the dragon fought Minerva during the wars between the giants and the gods. Minerva threw Draco's twisted body into the heavens before it had time to unwind itself.
- 28. NAMING THE STARS The brightest stars have had proper names for thousands of years. Typically from Arabic Islamic astronomers produced many detailed star charts during the middle ages. Also many stars have names that are from the Greek Greek astronomers also produced many star charts.
- 48. NAMING THE STARS Proper names are often a literal description of the stars location in the constellation: Betelgeuse Shoulder of the giant Rigel Foot Deneb Tail Procyon Before the dog Algol Eye of the ghoul Star proper names also sometimes describe the star. Sirius Scorching Antares Rival of Mars Kochab Star
- 49. SCAM ALERT! NO organization has been given official legal power to name the stars. Astronomers consider the names designated by the International Astronomical Union official, but the IAU has no true legal authority to name stars (or demote planets, for that matter). Companies that sell star names as gifts are a SCAM!
- 50. BAYER LETTER NAMES Johann Bayer Bavararian lawyer Published a sky atlas: Uranometria. Assigned lower case greek letters to brighter stars in each constellation. Usually assigned in rough order of brightness. Alpha = brightest star. Beta = second brightest Gamma = third brightest And so on Astronomers continue to use these Bayer letters
- 51. BAYER LETTER NAMES A stars Bayer Letter Name is: Its greek letter first followed by the possessive form of the constellation name. Example: The star Rigel Kentarus is the brightest star in the constellation Centarus: Alpha Centauri