printf() and scanf() are functions used for input and output in C programming. printf() is used to output data to the screen or file while scanf() is used to input data from the keyboard or a file. This document provides details on the format specifiers used by printf() and scanf() to handle different data types like integers, floats, characters, and strings. It also provides a code example that uses printf() and scanf() to input a name, age, and height from the user and then output that information.