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protein unit 3.pptx bsc nursing 2nd semester
- 2. 2 PROTEIN This name was suggested by Mulder in 1838 to the complex organic nitrogenous substance found in animal and plant tissue. Protein is the basic material for every living cells . It is the only nutrient that can make new cells and rebuild the worn out cells.
- 3. 3 DEFINITION Protein are large complex organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. The basic unit of protein are the amino acid. Each amino acid contain an acidic group and an amino group.
- 4. 4 AMINO ACIDS  Amino acid, any of a group of organic molecules that consist of a basic amino group(-NH2)and an acidic carboxyl group (-COOH) and a unique organic side chain. Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins.The general formula of an amino acid is R-CH (NH2)-COOH.
- 5. 5 CLASSIFICATION OF PROTEIN 1. Based on their structure 2. Based on their quality.
- 6. 6 BASED ON THEIR STRUCTURE 1. SIMPLE PROTEIN: Made up of only amino acid. Ex: Albumin in egg and globin in haemoglobin. 2. CONJUGATED PROETIN: which are combined with a non protein molecules eg: haemoglobin (heme+ globin), mucin (protein +carbohydrates) etc. 3. DERIVED PROTEIN: these are produced by the action of acids, alkaline, heat and enzyme on native protein. Eg: peptones and polypeptide.
- 7. 7 BASED ON THEIR QUALITY. 1. COMPLEX OR FIRST CLASS PROTEIN: These protein contain all essential amino acid in sufficient proportion and amounts to meets the body needs they are mainly found in animal food, Eg: egg, milk, meat, fish etc. 2. INCOMPLETE PROETIN: They are deficient in a lot of amino acid and are incapable for growth and repair of body cells.They cannot maintain life. Eg: gelatine.
- 8. 8 CLASSIFICATION OF AMINO ACIDS ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS NON ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS CONDITIONAL AMINOACIDS
- 9. 9 ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS  Essential amino acids (EAAs) make up a group of nine amino acids that cannot be produced inside the body ( de novo) but must be ingested as dietary protein.The building blocks of proteins, amino acids are bound together to produce polymer chain or folded proteins with a huge array of functions.  histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.  They’re vital for functions throughout your body, including protein synthesis, tissue repair, and nutrient absorption.
- 10. 10 NON ESSENTAIL AMINO ACIDS  Nonessential amino acids are those amino acids that the human body can synthesize on its own and do not need to be obtained directly through the diet.These amino acids are crucial for various bodily functions, including protein synthesis, enzyme production, and metabolism.  There are 11 non essential amino acids are: 1. Alanine 2.Arginine (conditionally essential) 3. Asparagine 4.Aspartic acid 5. Cysteine (conditionally essential) 6.Glutamic acid 7. Glutamine (conditionally essential) 8.Glycine 9. Proline 10.Serine 11. Tyrosine (conditionally essential
- 11. 11 CONDITIONAL AMINO ACID some essential amino acid "amino acids which are not synthesized in infants while adults can synthesized Eg: Arginine, cysteine, glycine, and serine
- 12. 12 FUNCTION OF PROTEIN Growth and development. Maintenance of wear and tear. Regulatory function. Energy. Synthesis of certain substance: hormone, enzyme and antibodies. Maintain healthy Pregnancy and lactation.
- 13. 13 SOURCES OF PROTEINS ANIMAL SOURCES: milk, meat, cheese, fish all are contain EAA. VEGETABLE SOURCES: pulses, cereals, beans, nuts, oils, seeds, soya.
- 15. 15 DIGESTION AND METABOLISM OF PROTEIN  Protein absorption also happens in your small intestine, which contains microvilli. These are small, finger-like structures that increase the absorptive surface area of your small intestine. This allows for maximum absorption of amino acids and other nutrients.  Once they’ve been absorbed, amino acids are released into your bloodstream, which takes them to cells in other parts of your body so they can start repairing tissue and building muscle.
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