pulmonary medicine department
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When the breath is calmed, the mind also becomes still. Therefore, one should learn to control their breathing, as it leads to a calm mind and long life according to yoga.
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Eczema is an itchy consisting of ill defined erythremotous patches. The skin surface is usually scaly and As time progress, constant scratching leads to thickened lichenified skin.
Several classifications of eczemas are available based on Etiology, Pattern and chronicity.
According to aetiology Eczema are classified as:
Endogenous eczema: Where constitutional factors predispose the patient to developing an eczema.
Family history (maternal h/o eczema) is often present
Strong genetic predisposition (Filaggrin gene mutations are often present).
Filaggrin is responsible for maintaining moisture in skin (hence all AD patients have dry skin.
Immunilogical factor-Th-2 disease, Type I hypersensitivity (hence serum IgE high)
e.g., Seborrheic dermatitis, Statis dermatitis, Nummular dermatitis, Dyshidrotic Eczema
Exogenous eczema: Where external stimuli trigger development of eczema,
e.g., Irritant dermatitis, Allergic Dermatitis, Neurodermatitis,
Combined eczema: When a combination of constitutional factors and extrinsic triggers are responsible for the development of eczema
e.g., Atopic dermatitis
Extremes of Temperature
Irritants : Soaps, Detergents, Shower gels, Bubble baths and water
Stress
Infection either bacterial or viral,
Bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species.
Viral infections such as Herpes Simplex, Molluscum Contagiosum
Contact allergens
Inhaled allergens
Airborne allergens
Allergens include
Metals eg. Nickle, Cobalt
Neomycin, Topical ointment
Fragrance ingredients such as Balsam of Peru
Rubber compounds
Hair dyes for example p-Phenylediamine
Plants eg. Poison ivy .
Atopic Dermatitis : AD is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory skin disease characterized by itchy inflamed skin.
Allergic Dermatitis: A red itchy weepy reaction where the skin has come in contact with a substance That immune system recognizes as foreign substances.
Ex: Poison envy, Preservatives from creams and lotions.
Contact Irritant Dermatitis: A Localized reaction that include redness, itching and burning where the skin has come In contact with an allergen or with irritant such as acid, cleaning agent or chemical.
Dyshidrotic Eczema: Irritation of skin on the palms and soles by
clear deep blisters that itch and burn.
Clinical Features; Acute Eczema:- Acute eczema is characterized by an erythematous and edematous plaque, which is ill-defined and is surmounted by papules, vesicles, pustules and exudate that dries to form crusts. A subsiding eczematous plaque may be covered with scales.
Chronic Eczema:- Chronic eczema is characterized by lichenification, which is a triad of hyperpigmentation, thickening markings. The lesions are less exudative and more scaly. Flexural lesions may develop fissures.
Pruritus
Characteristic Rash
Chronic or repeatedly occurring symptoms.Pharm test bank- 12th lehne pharmacology nursing class
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A pediatric nursing course is designed to prepare nursing students to provide specialized care for infants, children, and adolescents. The course integrates developmental, physiological, and psychological aspects of pediatric health and illness, emphasizing family-centered care. Below is a detailed breakdown of what you can expect in a pediatric nursing course:
1. Course Overview
Focuses on growth and development, health promotion, and disease prevention.
Covers common pediatric illnesses and conditions.
Emphasizes family dynamics, cultural competence, and ethical considerations in pediatric care.
Integrates clinical skills, including medication administration, assessment, and communication with children and families.
2. Key Topics Covered
A. Growth and Development
Neonates (0-28 days): Reflexes, feeding patterns, thermoregulation.
Infants (1 month - 1 year): Milestones, immunization schedule, nutrition.
Toddlers (1-3 years): Language development, toilet training, injury prevention.
Preschoolers (3-5 years): Cognitive and social development, school readiness.
School-age children (6-12 years): Psychosocial development, peer relationships.
Adolescents (13-18 years): Puberty, identity formation, risk-taking behaviors.
B. Pediatric Assessment
Head-to-toe assessment in children (differences from adults).
Vital signs (normal ranges vary by age).
Pain assessment using age-appropriate scales (FLACC, Wong-Baker, Numeric).
C. Pediatric Disease Conditions
Respiratory disorders: Asthma, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis.
Cardiac conditions: Congenital heart defects, Kawasaki disease.
Neurological disorders: Seizures, meningitis, cerebral palsy.
Gastrointestinal disorders: GERD, pyloric stenosis, intussusception.
Endocrine conditions: Diabetes mellitus type 1, congenital hypothyroidism.
Hematologic disorders: Sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, leukemia.
Infectious diseases: Measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox.
Mental health concerns: Autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, eating disorders.
D. Pediatric Pharmacology
Medication administration (oral, IV, IM, subcutaneous).
Weight-based dosing calculations (mg/kg).
Common pediatric medications (antibiotics, analgesics, vaccines).
Parenteral nutrition and fluid management.
E. Pediatric Emergency & Critical Care
Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) basics.
Recognizing signs of deterioration (early vs. late signs).
Shock, dehydration, respiratory distress management.
F. Family-Centered Care & Communication
Parental involvement in care decisions.
Therapeutic communication with children at different developmental stages.
Cultural considerations in pediatric care.
G. Ethical and Legal Issues in Pediatric Nursing
Informed consent for minors.
Mandatory reporting of abuse and neglect.
Palliative care and end-of-life considerations in pediatrics.
3. Clinical Component
Hands-on experience in pediatric hospital units, clinics, or community settings.
Performing assessments and interventions under supervision.
Case study discHER2-Targeting Therapy in HER2+ MBC With and Without CNS Metastases: Selectio...
HER2-Targeting Therapy in HER2+ MBC With and Without CNS Metastases: Selectio...PVI, PeerView Institute for Medical Education
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pulmonary medicine department
- 1. When the breath wanders the mind also is unsteady.油 But when the breath is calmed the mind too will be still, and the yogi achieves long life.油 Therefore, one should learn to control the breath.
- 2. Pulmonary medicine departmentPresented By:- Dr. HimanshuVerma Dr. PrashantAgrawal
- 3. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION
- 10. DISORDERS WHICH CAN BE TREATED HEREBRONCHIAL ASTHMABRONCHITISBRONCHIECTASISEMPHYSEMACYSTIC FIBROSISPNEUMOCONIOSISTUBERCULOSISSLEEP APNOEALUNG CANCER
- 11. WHY ?
- 12. Increasing Workload in last 15 years
- 13. LOCATION
- 14. RESPIRATORY CRITICAL CARE UNITINDOORDESIGNLUNG CANCER CHEMOTHERAPYOUTDOOR CHEST CLINICS
- 15. SPACE REQUIREMENTSPHYSICIAN`S OFFICECHIEF RESPIRATORY THERAPIST ROOMROOM FOR BRONCHOSCOPYSLEEP LABORATORY ROOM FOR IMAGING DNIIAGNOSTICSSPACE FOR TECHNICIANS & PARAMEDICAL STAFFRESPIRATORY THERAPY ROOMSTORE ROOMCLERICAL AREA
- 16. PROCEDURES
- 17. LABORATORYSPIROMETERYBRONCHOSCOPY & BRONCHEOALVEOLAR LAVAGECHEST X RAYSCT SCAN & MRI SCANSSCINTIGRAPHYPOSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHYPOLYSOMNOGRAPHY
- 18. HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENTASSISTANT PROFFESSORSORGANIZATIONTECHNITIANS & PARAMEDICAL STAFFSENIOR & JUNIOR RESIDENTS