狠狠撸

THREE ESSAYS ON ASPECTS OF
PATENT-RELATED INFORMATION AS MEASURES OF
REVEALED TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES
BY YENDER LEE
R78161011 陳旻孜
1

CHAPTER 1-
PATENT-RELATED INFORMATION AS THE MEASURES OF REVEALED
TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES
1. The main theme inherent in the three
constituent manuscripts of the thesis is that
technological capability is not fully understood;
and, as a field of inquiry it remains
understudied.
2. As a proxy measure of such capabilities, we
propose that patents could be viewed as a
manifestation of technological capabilities at
both micro and macro levels.
2

CHAPTER 1-
PATENT-RELATED INFORMATION AS THE MEASURES OF REVEALED
TECHNOLOGICAL CAPABILITIES
3. Patent databases have stored a wealth of
publicly-held and verified knowledge that have
not received the full attention that they
deserve.
4. Each of the manuscripts in this thesis will
advance the state of our knowledge of the
subject modestly in different directions by
applying a set of tools, measures, concepts
and procedures to take advantage of
invaluable competitive information contained in
patent databases.
3

CHAPTER 1-
BASIC RESEARCH BACKGROUND
? The term invention has been defined as an
activity directed towards the discovery of new
knowledge about product and process
(Schmookler, 1957).
? Generally speaking, the expected benefits
received by an inventor are realistically far
less than the gross social returns from his or
her inventive efforts.
4

CHAPTER 1-
? Each patented invention certifies the existence
of at least a new idea that can potentially be
included, or used in the creation of product(s),
process(es) or technology-related knowledge.
? The noteworthy point is that the innovative
aspects of patent-related information (i.e., as
stored in patent databases) are verified, well-
documented, and also publicly available (with
the legal protection in lieu of, or in exchange for,
public disclosure of the information).
5

CHAPTER 1-
? The concept of revealed technological capability
(RTC).
? We contend that patent information is a
manifestation of inventive activities, which are in
turn based on certain technological capabilities
accumulated over time.
? Cumulative patents are manifestations of the
underlying capabilities, which can be potentially be
exploited commercially at a later point.
6

CHAPTER 1-
? This particularly applies for cases with
registered assignees(s) in the United States'
Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
Assignees are, by definition, those who are
given the exclusive right to commercialize
the patent, once granted (or deferred right
once applied). Therefore cumulative patents
are manifestations of the underlying
capabilities, which can be potentially be
exploited commercially at a later point.
7

CHAPTER 1-
? Due to the nature of patent databases
(e.g., codified, externally certified, publicly
accessible, etc.), a search on patent databases
should logically precede any search for the
existence of the relevant knowledge, whether it
be tacit, embedded or embodied knowledge.
? Knowledge may mean useful and competitive
information made-up of unseen patterns and
trends hidden in a mountain of data
(Patterson, 2000).
8

CHAPTER 1-
THE JUSTIFICATION OF THE TOPIC AND THE CONNECTION OF THE
THREE ESSAYS
? Ignoring the information stored in patent databases may
prove costly to their knowledge-based work. Not only
does it expose the research process to the risk of
imitating what is already discovered (and patented), which
may be costly and time consuming, it may also deprive
the research process of the possibility of starting from a
higher, pre-existing knowledge platform that is
documented in patent databases.
? In sum, technological capabilities are understudied. We
use the two perspectives of "data-mining-into-knowledge"
and "knowledge work" to to synthesize this research
problem.
9

CHAPTER 1-
THE JUSTIFICATION OF THE TOPIC AND THE CONNECTION OF THE THREE ESSAYS
? Popper (1963) states that there is an increasing need for
knowledge to grow and progress continually, whether tacit or
explicit. Knowledge grows like organisms, with data serving
as food to be assimilated rather than merely stored (Weiss,
1960).
? The broad pool of knowledge external to a unit (e.g., an
organization) grows much faster than the internal one for the
most part, it logically follows that all knowledge workers,
particularly R&D project managers (Hauschildt, Keim &
Medcof, 2000), need to have easy access, and be able to
search such external knowledge bases before initiating a
new research stream internally.
10

CHAPTER 1-
THREE ESSAYS
? Patent databases store a wealth of explicit
external knowledge. Basically, their roles are
to present a documented and evaluated body
of ever-advancing innovation-based or
technology-related knowledge.
? Therefore, they can be viewed as a library or
pool of knowledge from which both firm and
knowledge workers can draw (or consult and
explore) to further their own knowledge.
11

CHAPTER 1-
THREE ESSAYS
? Information leading to patents are examined both and
externally and are also open to further challenges in
the public court systems once a patent is granted.
? They are publicly available and are among the best
measures of inventions and technological knowledge
embodied in, or to be exploited for, the new products
or process resulting from the corresponding patent(s).
? Patents are the most reliable measure of the
inventive output of research and development (R&D)
activities, while R&D expenditure and the Number of
Scientists and Engineers are both input measures.
12

CHAPTER 1-
THREE ESSAYS
? Especially when accumulated over time, they
reveal (or portray) the accumulation of
innovative technological capabilities.
13

CHAPTER 1-
THREE ESSAYS
? We suggest that no patented
invention, documented in various patent
databases, can be ignored by any competitor in
a quest for generating (or accessing) similar
intellectual capital or intellectual property. It is
therefore imperative that the data-mining or text-
mining (and their ever-refined versions) be
utilized to reveal at least summary knowledge
about the technological opportunities related to
one, or a family of revealed patents in a cost-
effective manner; and also to identify the path of
ever advancing technology frontiers
(Price, 1963&1965b).
14

CHAPTER 1-
THREE ESSAYS
? In the age of knowledge economy and
knowledge society, must have some system
(processes or methodology) at their disposal
to create, process and enhance their own
technological knowledge, and in some cases
also mange those of other co-workers
(especially in the case of technology
managers).
15

CHAPTER 1-
THREE ESSAYS
? Knowledge work is :
i) "based on codified body of findings and
results",
ii) "can be taught in schools as principles and
procedures",
iii) "certified by the state and school", and
iv) "regulated by professional associations."
16

CHAPTER 1-
THREE ESSAYS
? Knowledge Work System is :
i) "provide an easy access to external
knowledge base ",
ii) "provide powerful analytical, graphic,
document management, and communication
software",
iii) "support computing-intense applications", and
iv) "offer a user-friendly interface"
17

CHAPTER 1-
THREE ESSAYS
? Patent data-bases (particularly the recent
electronically-stored versions, enhanced with
search engines9 ) should be viewed as one of
the most important external knowledge
databases on which to build competitive
evaluation and interpretation of the pool of
newly-created ideas (Laudon & Laudon, 1993:
488).
? RTC allows us to also rely on both the resource-
based and the knowledge based theories of firm
as the theoretical basis for the above
justification. 18

CHAPTER 1-
THREE ESSAYS
? Moreover, they should be used by an knowledge
workers within a knowledge-creating organization
(or knowledge work system), such as innovative
companies in super-technology industries.
? If and when a firm is determined to push its
knowledge frontier truly forward in order to
increase its knowledge, or technology-based
resources for increased competitiveness, it must
examine the information inherent in the relevant
family of patents in some effective manner.
19

CHAPTER 1-
THREE ESSAYS
? These three manuscripts / papers are
connected by at least four common threads:
1. They are all based on the patent database of
the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
(USPTO).
2. All of them utilize similar search logic(s) for on-
line data-mining. In some cases, this search
must be converted to "text mining, as the
associated texts (i.e.., the text of patent
citations) must be also examined. 20

CHAPTER 1-
THREE ESSAYS
3. They clearly examine three related aspects of
technology based capability:
i) technology specialization;
ii) technology concentration, and
iii) pattern of technology creation and
collaboration globally.
4. All of them include some members of the
newly-industrializing countries (NICs) of Asia in
the sample of countries studied.
21

CHAPTER 1-
THREE ESSAYS
? Furthermore, during the emergence of the
knowledge economy, it has been observed that
new issue-driven interdisciplinary sub-
fields, such as knowledge management studies.
? In the last decade alone, the theory of the firm
seems to have undergone a "paradigm shift“
capital-based resource-based
knowledge-based.
22

Q&A
? Laudon & Laudon (1993) stipulate the four
generic attributes that characterize “knowledge
work” (performed by knowledge workers) , just
only four generic attributes? Please submit
ideas.
23

狠狠撸

R5 a報告

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to R5 a報告 (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

R5 a報告