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A Presentation on
A Short Range Radar System
��RANGEFINDER��
Under Supervision of -
Er. Ompal
(Dept. of ECE)
Presented by -
Kaushlendra Singh
M.Sc.(Electronics Science)

LIST OF CONTENTS
? INTRODUCTION
? DEFINITION OF RADAR
? PRINCIPLE OF WORKING OF RADAR
? COMPONENTS REQUIRED
? SOFTWARE USED FOR OPERATION
? EXPERIMENTAL PROCESS FLOW
? A LOOK AT FINAL PROJECT
? APPLICATIONS OF RADAR
? ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGE OF RADAR
? CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION
? In this project, I will show you how to design a simple Radar
Application using Arduino and Processing.
? This Arduino Radar Project is implemented with the help of
Processing Application.
? Radar is a long-range object detection system that uses radio
waves to establish certain parameters of an object like its
distance and direction.
? Radar technology is used in aircrafts, missiles, marine, weather
predictions and automobiles.
? I will be using an Ultrasonic Sensor to determine the presence
of any object in a particular range.

RADAR
? It is an object detection system.
? Transmitter producing electromagnetic waves.
? It uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of
objects.
? It used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles,
motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain.

COMPONENT REQUIRED
Arduino UNO Ultrasonic Sensor HC SR04 Servo Motor SG90
Breadboard Jumper Wires

ARDUINO UNO
? The Arduino uno is a microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328.
? It has 14 digital Input/Output pins (of which 6 can be used as
PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16MHz ceramic resonator,
USB connection, a power jack and a reset button.
? It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller;
simply connect it to computer with a USB cable or power it
with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
? Microcontroller: Microchip ATmega328P
? Operating Voltage: 5 Volt
? Input Voltage: 7 to 20 Volts
? Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
? Analog Input Pins: 6
? DC Current per I/O Pin: 20 mA
? DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
? Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
? SRAM: 2 KB
? EEPROM: 1 KB
? Clock Speed: 16 MHz

SERVO MOTOR
? A servomotor is a rotary actuator that allows for precise control
of angular position, velocity and acceleration.
? It consists of a suitable motor coupled to a sensor for position
feedback.
? Servomotors are used in applications such as robotics, CNC
machinery or automated manufacturing.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
? Operating Voltage: +5V typically
? Torque: 2.5kg/cm
? Operating speed: 0.1s/60��
? Gear Type: Plastic
? Rotation : 0��-180��
? Weight of motor : 9gm
? Temperature range : 0��-55��

ULTRASONIC SENSOR
? Ultrasonic ranging module HC - SR04 provides 2cm -40cm
non-contact measurement function, the ranging accuracy can
reach to 3mm.
? The modules includes ultrasonic transmitters, receiver and
control circuit.
? The basic principle of work:
? Using IO trigger for at least 10us high level signal,
? The Module automatically sends eight 40 kHz and detect
whether there is a pulse signal back.
? IF the signal back, through high level , time of high output IO
duration is the time from sending ultrasonic to returning.
? Test distance = high level time �� velocity of sound (340m/S)/2.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
? Power Supply :+5V DC
? Working Current: 15mA
? Effectual Angle: <15��
? Ranging Distance : 2cm �C 40cm
? Resolution : 0.3 cm
? Measuring Angle: 30 degree
? Trigger Input Pulse width: 10uS

SOFTWARE USED FOR OPERATION
Arduino IDE Processing 3

EXPERIMENTAL-PROCESS FLOW
? Design of Ultrasonic RADAR antenna.
? Design of rotating mechanism for antenna.
? Connection among the arduino uno, servo motor and ultra
sonic sensor with the help of jumper wires.
? Implementation of trans-receiver program with Arduino UNO
microcontroller.
? Visual output of the RADAR in screen with PROCESSING
tool.
? Assembling all the electronic parts in plastic case.

PROGRAMMING ARDUINO UNO
? Arduino Uno micro controller board was connected with Pc or
Laptop via standard USB cable.
? The program codes were written in C compiler based Arduino
IDE.

PROGRAMMING PROCESSING TOOL FOR
RADAR SCREEN VISUAL
? Serial output data of Arduino contains
present status of rotation angle and
measured distance by two sensors
in centimeter.
? These three serial output parameters were transferred to
PROCESSING 3 environment Software.
? With the help of java script coding a visual interface was
developed and using the serial o/p parameters from
Arduino, real time visualization of the dual RADAR was
developed.

PERFORMANCE
No obstacle detected

FIELD OF APPLICATION
? Military
? Remote sensing
? Air traffic control
? Navigation
? Ship security
? Satellites
? Highway security

ADVANTAGE
? Can see through the medium consisting of fog, snow, rain,
darkness, clouds etc.
? Can penetrate and see through insulators.
? Can distinguish fixed as well as moving target types.
? Can help find out following parameters of object or target
range :
-Angular Position
-Location of Target

DISADVANTAGE
? Can not distinguish and resolve multiple targets which are very
close like our eye.
? Can not recognize color of the targets.
? Can not see targets which are in the water and are too deep.
? Can not see targets which are placed behind some conducting
sheets.

CONCLUSION
? Radar is normally used to determine velocity, range, and
position of an object.
? In this technical project, we read the distance and angles
of detected objects in order to convert these data into visual
information.
? Overall conclusion of our project is to provide 24��7
monitoring of a particular area/region and also reduce the
manpower.

�ݺ�ߣ

Rangefinder ppt

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