This document defines different types of numbers and rational numbers. It explains that rational numbers can be expressed as a ratio of two integers in the form p/q, where p and q are integers and q is not zero. Examples of rational numbers include 1/2, 4/3, and 5/7. The document also discusses how rational numbers can be represented on a number line, with rational numbers existing between every two integers. Properties of rational numbers are listed, including closure, commutativity, associativity, additive identity, and additive inverse.