Working Stress Method v/s Limit State Method
5 likes6,505 views
The document compares the Working Stress Method and Limit State Method for structural design. The Working Stress Method is an elastic, stress-based, deterministic design approach where members are designed to remain in the elastic range using allowable stresses. The Limit State Method is a plastic, strain-based, non-deterministic approach where partial safety factors are used and the material is allowed to yield and enter the plastic zone to reach ultimate strength.
1 of 2
Downloaded 83 times
Recommended
Design of t beam bridge using wsm(2)
Design of t beam bridge using wsm(2)Ankit Singh
油
This document provides information on bridge planning, design, classification and components. It discusses:
1. The key steps in bridge planning including studying needs, alternatives, design and implementation.
2. Common bridge classifications including material (masonry, concrete, steel), structural type (slab, girder, truss), and purpose (road, rail).
3. The main components of a typical T-beam bridge including the deck slab, longitudinal girders, cross girders, abutments and foundations. Methods for designing the deck slab and cantilever portions are outlined.Bearing capacity of soil
Bearing capacity of soiltirath prajapati
油
1) The document discusses soil bearing capacity, which refers to the capacity of soil to support loads applied to the ground without failing.
2) Important factors in soil bearing capacity include the stability of foundations, which depends on the bearing capacity of soil beneath and the settlement of soil.
3) The document outlines several key terminologies used in soil bearing capacity such as ultimate bearing capacity, net ultimate bearing capacity, net safe bearing capacity, and more.
4) Several methods to increase the bearing capacity of black cotton soil are described, including increasing foundation depth, chemical treatment, grouting, compaction, drainage, and confining the soil. Retaining wall 
Retaining wall kamariya keyur
油
This document provides an overview of different types of retaining walls, including gravity, cantilever, counterfort, sheet pile, and diaphragm walls. It discusses the key components and design considerations for gravity and cantilever retaining walls. Gravity walls rely on their own weight for stability, while cantilever walls consist of a vertical stem with a heel and toe slab acting as a cantilever beam. The document also covers lateral earth pressures, drainage of retaining walls, uses of sheet pile walls, and construction methods for diaphragm walls.Rcc design by working stress method
Rcc design by working stress methodJYOTIRANJAN43
油
This document discusses the working stress method for designing reinforced concrete structures. It defines key terms like neutral axis, lever arm, and moment of resistance. It describes the assumptions and steps of the working stress method, including designing for under-reinforced, balanced, and over-reinforced beam sections. The document also discusses limitations of the working stress method and introduces the limit state method as a more modern approach.Limit state, working stress, ultimate load method - Detailed Concept
Limit state, working stress, ultimate load method - Detailed ConceptCivil Insider
油
Get PPT here
https://civilinsider.com/design-philosophies-of-rcc-structure/
www.civilinsider .com
www.civilinsider .com
www.civilinsider .com
www.civilinsider .com
Various design philosophies have been invented in the different parts of the world to design RCC structures. In 1900 theory by Coignet and Tedesco was accepted and codified as Working Stress Method. The Working Stress Method was in use for several years until the revision of IS 456 in 2000.
What are the Various Design Philosophies?
Working Stress Method
limit state method
ultimate load method
#civil insider
Well foundation
Well foundationCollation Soft Solutions Pvt.Ltd
油
The document discusses different types of well foundations used in construction. It describes the key components of well foundations including the cutting edge, steining, bottom plug, top plug, and well cap. It explains the process of sinking well foundations, which involves excavating material inside the well curb to allow the well to sink vertically into the ground. Precautions like maintaining verticality and limiting tilt and shift are important during well sinking.Dynamic Pile Formulae
Dynamic Pile FormulaeKriti Singh
油
Dynamic pile formulae estimate the ultimate load capacity of driven piles based on data collected during pile driving. The Engineering News formula is the simplest and most used dynamic formula. It relates the ultimate load capacity to the weight of the hammer, height of fall, and pile penetration per blow. The Modified Hiley's formula improves upon the Engineering News formula by accounting for energy losses during driving. Limitations of dynamic formulae include not representing the static load capacity and being unsuitable for cohesive soils where pore pressures can develop.Design of R.C.C Beam
Design of R.C.C BeamAr. Aakansha
油
information on types of beams, different methods to calculate beam stress, design for shear, analysis for SRB flexure, design for flexure, Design procedure for doubly reinforced beam, Compaction
CompactionRavindranath Chandra
油
Compaction is the densification of soil through mechanical means such as rolling, ramming, or vibration to reduce porosity and increase dry density. Laboratory compaction tests determine the optimum water content and maximum dry density for a soil through controlled compaction and varying water content. Standard Proctor and Modified Proctor tests involve compacting soil in layers in a mold using a specified hammer weight and drop height. Field compaction equipment includes smooth drum rollers, pneumatic tired rollers, sheep-foot rollers, and rammers or vibrators. The dry density achieved depends on factors like water content, compactive effort, soil type, and additives used.Design of rcc structures note
Design of rcc structures noteMahendra Poudel
油
The document discusses the design of reinforced concrete structures. It defines reinforced concrete as a composite material made of concrete and steel reinforcement. The concrete works in compression and steel in tension. Reinforced concrete has advantages like durability and ability to be molded into shapes, but also disadvantages such as high self-weight and brittleness. The document outlines various design methods for reinforced concrete including working stress, ultimate load, and limit state methods. It also discusses loads, structural elements, assumptions, factors of safety, and considerations in limit states of collapse and serviceability.Hardened Concrete
Hardened ConcreteGAURAV. H .TANDON
油
The document discusses factors that affect the strength of concrete, including water-cement ratio, aggregate-cement ratio, maximum aggregate size, and degree of compaction. It states that concrete strength is inversely proportional to water-cement ratio according to Abrams' law. A lower water-cement ratio and higher degree of compaction produce stronger concrete by reducing porosity. A leaner aggregate-cement ratio also increases strength by absorbing water and reducing shrinkage. Larger aggregate size can reduce water needs but may decrease strength by lowering surface area for bond development.Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure (IS 456:2000)
Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure (IS 456:2000)MachenLink
油
This is the 1st Lecture Series on Design Reinforced Cement Concrete (IS 456 -2000).
In this video, you will learn about the objective of structural designing and then basic properties of concrete and steel.
Concrete properties like...
1. Grade of Concrete
2. Modulus of Elasticity
3. Characteristic Strength
4. Tensile Strength
5. Creep and Shrinkage
6. Durability
Reinforced Steel Properties....
1. Grade and types of steel
2. Yield Strength of Mild Steel and HYSD BarsDesign of steel structures Introduction
Design of steel structures IntroductionPrakash Kumar Sekar
油
Basics of Steel Structures with diagrams of steel building. Introduction about design of connections with bolt, weldCaissons 
Caissons GAURAV. H .TANDON
油
Caissons are watertight structures used as foundations when construction needs to be done under water or in locations with a high water table. They are constructed out of materials like wood, steel, or reinforced concrete. There are different types of caissons including open caissons, box caissons, and pneumatic caissons. Caissons are sunk into position using methods like dredging or compressed air in a pneumatic caisson. Proper construction involves building curbs, plugs, and reinforcement to withstand loads and facilitate controlled sinking. Caissons allow foundations to be constructed in deep underwater locations for structures like bridges, piers, and buildings.Repair and Rehabilitation
Repair and RehabilitationGAURAV. H .TANDON
油
The document discusses repair and rehabilitation of concrete structures. It describes various causes of distress in concrete structures including structural causes, errors in design/construction, chemical reactions, and weathering. It then outlines the evaluation process for repair projects, including visual inspection, non-destructive testing, and laboratory testing to determine the extent of damage and appropriate repair methods. Specific causes of reinforcement corrosion like cracks, moisture, and concrete permeability are explained along with remedial measures.Flexible pavement presentation
Flexible pavement presentationPawan Kumar
油
This document provides information on flexible pavement design and theory. It discusses the typical layers of a flexible pavement including the surface course, base course, and subgrade. It also outlines several factors that affect pavement design such as wheel load, climate, and material characteristics. Additionally, the document examines failures like fatigue cracking and rutting that pavement design aims to prevent. It provides guidance on mechanistic-empirical design as prescribed by the Indian Roads Congress.Theory for impervious floor
Theory for impervious floorDivya Vishnoi
油
This presentation covers topic theory for impervious floor. It includes bligh thoery and khsola theory. Load carrying capacity of piles
Load carrying capacity of pilesLatif Hyder Wadho
油
- There are four main methods to measure the load carrying capacity of piles: static methods, dynamic formulas, in-situ penetration tests, and pile load tests.
- The ultimate load capacity (Qu) of an individual pile or pile group equals the sum of the point resistance (Qp) at the pile tip and the shaft resistance (Qs) developed along the pile shaft through friction between the soil and pile.
- Meyerhof's method is commonly used to calculate Qp in sand based on the effective vertical pressure at the pile tip multiplied by the bearing capacity factor Nq.Structural analysis 1
Structural analysis 1R VIJAYAKUMAR
油
This document discusses structural analysis methods for statically indeterminate structures. It defines key terms like degree of static indeterminacy, internal and external redundancy, and methods for analyzing indeterminate structures. Specific methods discussed include the flexibility matrix method, consistent deformation method, and unit load method. Examples of statically indeterminate beams and frames are also provided.TERZAGHIS BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
TERZAGHIS BEARING CAPACITY THEORYSANJEEV Wazir
油
TERZAGHIS BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
DERIVATION OF EQUATION TERZAGHIS BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
TERZAGHIS BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS
Download vedio link
https://youtu.be/imy61hU0_yoLimit state method
Limit state methodGhanashyam Prajapati
油
The document discusses limit state design of reinforced concrete structures. It introduces limit states as conditions where the structure becomes unfit for use, including limit states of strength and serviceability. Limit state design involves characterizing loads and resistances as random variables and using partial safety factors on loads and resistances to achieve a target reliability. The document outlines the general principles of limit state design according to Indian Standard code IS 800, including defining actions, factors governing strength limits, and serviceability limits related to deflection, vibration and durability.Bridge loading
Bridge loadingkapilpant12
油
The document provides guidance on loads and forces that should be considered when designing bridges, including:
1. Dead loads, live loads, dynamic loads, longitudinal forces, wind loads, centrifugal forces, horizontal water currents, buoyancy, earth pressures, temperature effects, and seismic loads.
2. It describes the various live load models (Class A, B, 70R, AA) and provides details on load intensity, wheel/track configuration, and load combinations.
3. Design recommendations are given for calculating impact factors, braking forces, wind loads, water current pressures, earth pressures, and seismic forces.Design of rcc structures
Design of rcc structuresR VIJAYAKUMAR
油
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in reinforced concrete design. It defines reinforced concrete as a composite material made of concrete and steel reinforcement. The purpose of reinforcement is to improve the tensile strength of concrete. The Limit State Method of design considers both the strength limit state and serviceability limit state, making it a more realistic and economical approach compared to other methods like Working Stress Method and Ultimate Load Method. Key factors of safety in the Limit State Method include partial factors for concrete 粒c = 1.5, and for steel 粒s = 1.15.2 marks Question with Answer for Design of Reinforced Cement Concrete Elements 
2 marks Question with Answer for Design of Reinforced Cement Concrete Elements shielaBalanta2
油
This document contains a question bank with answers related to the design of reinforced cement concrete elements. It includes 37 questions covering topics like the definition of reinforced concrete, ingredients of plain cement concrete, imposed loads on buildings, working stress method assumptions, factor of safety, ultimate load design method, advantages of limit state method, partial safety factors, limit states of collapse and serviceability, stress-strain curves, nominal vs design concrete mixes, factors governing mix design, differences between working stress and limit state design methods, expressions for modulus of elasticity and flexural strength, formulas for neutral axis depth and lever arm factors, definitions of under reinforced, over reinforced and balanced sections, span to depth ratios, limiting neutral axis depth, characteristic strength, limitDesign of slender columns as per IS 456-2000
Design of slender columns as per IS 456-2000PraveenKumar Shanmugam
油
The document discusses the design of slender columns. It defines a slender column as having a slenderness ratio (length to least lateral dimension) greater than 12. Slender columns experience appreciable lateral deflection even under axial loads alone. The design of slender columns can be done using three methods - the strength reduction coefficient method, additional moment method, or moment magnification method. The document outlines the step-by-step procedure for designing a slender column using the additional moment method, which involves determining the effective length, initial moments, additional moments, total moments accounting for a reduction coefficient, and redesigning the column for combined axial load and bending.Bearing capacity of shallow foundations by abhishek sharma 
Bearing capacity of shallow foundations by abhishek sharma ABHISHEK SHARMA
油
elements you should know about bearing capacity of shallow foundations are included in it. various indian standards are also used. Bearing capacity theories by various researchers are also included. numericals from GATE CE and ESE CE are also included.Light weight concrete
Light weight concretedevesha y jog
油
light weight concrete , the most useful for the non bearing load structures which can used in stairs, entrance of arches,EtcShear strength of soil
Shear strength of soilAditya Mistry
油
The document provides information about shear strength of soil. It defines shear strength and its components of cohesion and internal friction. It discusses Mohr's circle of stress and Mohr-Coulomb theory for shear strength. The types of soil are classified based on drainage conditions during shear testing. Common shear strength tests like direct shear test, triaxial test, unconfined compression test and vane shear test are also explained. Sample calculations for shear strength determination from test results are presented.Wash boring
Wash boringMachenLink
油
For full course visit our website
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/
Description
Wash boring is a fast and simple method for advancing holes in all types of soils.
Boulders and rock cannot be penetrated by this method.
The method consists in first driving a casing through which a hollow drill rod with a sharp chisel or chopping bit at the lower end is inserted.
Water is forced under pressure through the drill rod which is alternately raised and dropped and also rotated.
The resulting chopping and jetting action of the bit and water disintegrate the soil.
The cutting is forced up to the ground surface in the form of soil water slurry through the annular space between the drill rod and the casing.
The change of soil stratification could be guessed from the rate of progress and the colour of wash water.
The samples recovered from the wash water are almost valueless for interpreting the correct geotechnical properties of soil.
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/
Follow #MachenLink
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/machenLink/
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/machenlink/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MachenLinkSand Replacement Method
Sand Replacement MethodMachenLink
油
For full course visit our website
https://www.machenlink.com/course/soil-mehcanics/
Description
Determine the unit weight of natural soil in place.
Stages
Determination of sand filling the cone
Determination bulk unit weight of sand
Determination bulk unit weight of natural soil
Procedure
Determining the weight of sand filling the cone
Sand passing through a 600袖 sieve and retained over 300袖 sieve is used.
Pouring cylinder attached over pouring cone is placed over level ground and completely filled with sand and weighed
The weight of sand + cylinder before pouring =_1
Now place the cylinder on the glass plate and open the shutter allow the sand to run out. Weigh the sand collected on the glass plate. This is the weight of sand filling pouring cone.
The weight of sand in pouring cone =_
The weight of sand + cylinder after pouring on the glass =_2
The weight of sand in pouring cone =_=_1_2
Determination of bulk unit weight of sand
Determine the volume of the calibrated container (V)
Filled the pouring cylinder with weight _1 again. Now placed over calibrating container and open the shutter, permit the sand to run into calibrating cylinder. When no further movement of sand is seen, close the shutter. Remove the pouring cylinder and weigh it.
The weight of sand + cylinder after pouring into calibrated cylinder =_3
The weight of sand filling calibrated cylinder (_ )=_1(_+_3 ")"
Determination of bulk unit weight of natural soil
Exposed about 45 cm square area of the soil and trim it down to a level surface.
Keep the metal tray on the level surface and excavate a circular hole of 10 cm diameter and 15 cm depth.
The weight of excavated soil =^
Remove the tray, and placed the sand pouring cylinder over the hole, the cylinder should have sand of weight _1.
Open the shutter and permit the sand to run into the hole. Close the shutter when no movement of the sand seen.
Remove the cylinder and weigh the sand pouring cylinder.
The weight of sand +cylinder after pouring into hole =_4
The weight of sand in the hole (ゃ_)=_1(_4+_)
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/
Follow #MachenLink
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/machenLink/
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/machenlink/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MachenLink
More Related Content
What's hot (20)
Compaction
CompactionRavindranath Chandra
油
Compaction is the densification of soil through mechanical means such as rolling, ramming, or vibration to reduce porosity and increase dry density. Laboratory compaction tests determine the optimum water content and maximum dry density for a soil through controlled compaction and varying water content. Standard Proctor and Modified Proctor tests involve compacting soil in layers in a mold using a specified hammer weight and drop height. Field compaction equipment includes smooth drum rollers, pneumatic tired rollers, sheep-foot rollers, and rammers or vibrators. The dry density achieved depends on factors like water content, compactive effort, soil type, and additives used.Design of rcc structures note
Design of rcc structures noteMahendra Poudel
油
The document discusses the design of reinforced concrete structures. It defines reinforced concrete as a composite material made of concrete and steel reinforcement. The concrete works in compression and steel in tension. Reinforced concrete has advantages like durability and ability to be molded into shapes, but also disadvantages such as high self-weight and brittleness. The document outlines various design methods for reinforced concrete including working stress, ultimate load, and limit state methods. It also discusses loads, structural elements, assumptions, factors of safety, and considerations in limit states of collapse and serviceability.Hardened Concrete
Hardened ConcreteGAURAV. H .TANDON
油
The document discusses factors that affect the strength of concrete, including water-cement ratio, aggregate-cement ratio, maximum aggregate size, and degree of compaction. It states that concrete strength is inversely proportional to water-cement ratio according to Abrams' law. A lower water-cement ratio and higher degree of compaction produce stronger concrete by reducing porosity. A leaner aggregate-cement ratio also increases strength by absorbing water and reducing shrinkage. Larger aggregate size can reduce water needs but may decrease strength by lowering surface area for bond development.Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure (IS 456:2000)
Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure (IS 456:2000)MachenLink
油
This is the 1st Lecture Series on Design Reinforced Cement Concrete (IS 456 -2000).
In this video, you will learn about the objective of structural designing and then basic properties of concrete and steel.
Concrete properties like...
1. Grade of Concrete
2. Modulus of Elasticity
3. Characteristic Strength
4. Tensile Strength
5. Creep and Shrinkage
6. Durability
Reinforced Steel Properties....
1. Grade and types of steel
2. Yield Strength of Mild Steel and HYSD BarsDesign of steel structures Introduction
Design of steel structures IntroductionPrakash Kumar Sekar
油
Basics of Steel Structures with diagrams of steel building. Introduction about design of connections with bolt, weldCaissons
Caissons GAURAV. H .TANDON
油
Caissons are watertight structures used as foundations when construction needs to be done under water or in locations with a high water table. They are constructed out of materials like wood, steel, or reinforced concrete. There are different types of caissons including open caissons, box caissons, and pneumatic caissons. Caissons are sunk into position using methods like dredging or compressed air in a pneumatic caisson. Proper construction involves building curbs, plugs, and reinforcement to withstand loads and facilitate controlled sinking. Caissons allow foundations to be constructed in deep underwater locations for structures like bridges, piers, and buildings.Repair and Rehabilitation
Repair and RehabilitationGAURAV. H .TANDON
油
The document discusses repair and rehabilitation of concrete structures. It describes various causes of distress in concrete structures including structural causes, errors in design/construction, chemical reactions, and weathering. It then outlines the evaluation process for repair projects, including visual inspection, non-destructive testing, and laboratory testing to determine the extent of damage and appropriate repair methods. Specific causes of reinforcement corrosion like cracks, moisture, and concrete permeability are explained along with remedial measures.Flexible pavement presentation
Flexible pavement presentationPawan Kumar
油
This document provides information on flexible pavement design and theory. It discusses the typical layers of a flexible pavement including the surface course, base course, and subgrade. It also outlines several factors that affect pavement design such as wheel load, climate, and material characteristics. Additionally, the document examines failures like fatigue cracking and rutting that pavement design aims to prevent. It provides guidance on mechanistic-empirical design as prescribed by the Indian Roads Congress.Theory for impervious floor
Theory for impervious floorDivya Vishnoi
油
This presentation covers topic theory for impervious floor. It includes bligh thoery and khsola theory. Load carrying capacity of piles
Load carrying capacity of pilesLatif Hyder Wadho
油
- There are four main methods to measure the load carrying capacity of piles: static methods, dynamic formulas, in-situ penetration tests, and pile load tests.
- The ultimate load capacity (Qu) of an individual pile or pile group equals the sum of the point resistance (Qp) at the pile tip and the shaft resistance (Qs) developed along the pile shaft through friction between the soil and pile.
- Meyerhof's method is commonly used to calculate Qp in sand based on the effective vertical pressure at the pile tip multiplied by the bearing capacity factor Nq.Structural analysis 1
Structural analysis 1R VIJAYAKUMAR
油
This document discusses structural analysis methods for statically indeterminate structures. It defines key terms like degree of static indeterminacy, internal and external redundancy, and methods for analyzing indeterminate structures. Specific methods discussed include the flexibility matrix method, consistent deformation method, and unit load method. Examples of statically indeterminate beams and frames are also provided.TERZAGHIS BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
TERZAGHIS BEARING CAPACITY THEORYSANJEEV Wazir
油
TERZAGHIS BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
DERIVATION OF EQUATION TERZAGHIS BEARING CAPACITY THEORY
TERZAGHIS BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS
Download vedio link
https://youtu.be/imy61hU0_yoLimit state method
Limit state methodGhanashyam Prajapati
油
The document discusses limit state design of reinforced concrete structures. It introduces limit states as conditions where the structure becomes unfit for use, including limit states of strength and serviceability. Limit state design involves characterizing loads and resistances as random variables and using partial safety factors on loads and resistances to achieve a target reliability. The document outlines the general principles of limit state design according to Indian Standard code IS 800, including defining actions, factors governing strength limits, and serviceability limits related to deflection, vibration and durability.Bridge loading
Bridge loadingkapilpant12
油
The document provides guidance on loads and forces that should be considered when designing bridges, including:
1. Dead loads, live loads, dynamic loads, longitudinal forces, wind loads, centrifugal forces, horizontal water currents, buoyancy, earth pressures, temperature effects, and seismic loads.
2. It describes the various live load models (Class A, B, 70R, AA) and provides details on load intensity, wheel/track configuration, and load combinations.
3. Design recommendations are given for calculating impact factors, braking forces, wind loads, water current pressures, earth pressures, and seismic forces.Design of rcc structures
Design of rcc structuresR VIJAYAKUMAR
油
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in reinforced concrete design. It defines reinforced concrete as a composite material made of concrete and steel reinforcement. The purpose of reinforcement is to improve the tensile strength of concrete. The Limit State Method of design considers both the strength limit state and serviceability limit state, making it a more realistic and economical approach compared to other methods like Working Stress Method and Ultimate Load Method. Key factors of safety in the Limit State Method include partial factors for concrete 粒c = 1.5, and for steel 粒s = 1.15.2 marks Question with Answer for Design of Reinforced Cement Concrete Elements
2 marks Question with Answer for Design of Reinforced Cement Concrete Elements shielaBalanta2
油
This document contains a question bank with answers related to the design of reinforced cement concrete elements. It includes 37 questions covering topics like the definition of reinforced concrete, ingredients of plain cement concrete, imposed loads on buildings, working stress method assumptions, factor of safety, ultimate load design method, advantages of limit state method, partial safety factors, limit states of collapse and serviceability, stress-strain curves, nominal vs design concrete mixes, factors governing mix design, differences between working stress and limit state design methods, expressions for modulus of elasticity and flexural strength, formulas for neutral axis depth and lever arm factors, definitions of under reinforced, over reinforced and balanced sections, span to depth ratios, limiting neutral axis depth, characteristic strength, limitDesign of slender columns as per IS 456-2000
Design of slender columns as per IS 456-2000PraveenKumar Shanmugam
油
The document discusses the design of slender columns. It defines a slender column as having a slenderness ratio (length to least lateral dimension) greater than 12. Slender columns experience appreciable lateral deflection even under axial loads alone. The design of slender columns can be done using three methods - the strength reduction coefficient method, additional moment method, or moment magnification method. The document outlines the step-by-step procedure for designing a slender column using the additional moment method, which involves determining the effective length, initial moments, additional moments, total moments accounting for a reduction coefficient, and redesigning the column for combined axial load and bending.Bearing capacity of shallow foundations by abhishek sharma
Bearing capacity of shallow foundations by abhishek sharma ABHISHEK SHARMA
油
elements you should know about bearing capacity of shallow foundations are included in it. various indian standards are also used. Bearing capacity theories by various researchers are also included. numericals from GATE CE and ESE CE are also included.Light weight concrete
Light weight concretedevesha y jog
油
light weight concrete , the most useful for the non bearing load structures which can used in stairs, entrance of arches,EtcShear strength of soil
Shear strength of soilAditya Mistry
油
The document provides information about shear strength of soil. It defines shear strength and its components of cohesion and internal friction. It discusses Mohr's circle of stress and Mohr-Coulomb theory for shear strength. The types of soil are classified based on drainage conditions during shear testing. Common shear strength tests like direct shear test, triaxial test, unconfined compression test and vane shear test are also explained. Sample calculations for shear strength determination from test results are presented.More from MachenLink (9)
Wash boring
Wash boringMachenLink
油
For full course visit our website
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/
Description
Wash boring is a fast and simple method for advancing holes in all types of soils.
Boulders and rock cannot be penetrated by this method.
The method consists in first driving a casing through which a hollow drill rod with a sharp chisel or chopping bit at the lower end is inserted.
Water is forced under pressure through the drill rod which is alternately raised and dropped and also rotated.
The resulting chopping and jetting action of the bit and water disintegrate the soil.
The cutting is forced up to the ground surface in the form of soil water slurry through the annular space between the drill rod and the casing.
The change of soil stratification could be guessed from the rate of progress and the colour of wash water.
The samples recovered from the wash water are almost valueless for interpreting the correct geotechnical properties of soil.
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/
Follow #MachenLink
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/machenLink/
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/machenlink/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MachenLinkSand Replacement Method
Sand Replacement MethodMachenLink
油
For full course visit our website
https://www.machenlink.com/course/soil-mehcanics/
Description
Determine the unit weight of natural soil in place.
Stages
Determination of sand filling the cone
Determination bulk unit weight of sand
Determination bulk unit weight of natural soil
Procedure
Determining the weight of sand filling the cone
Sand passing through a 600袖 sieve and retained over 300袖 sieve is used.
Pouring cylinder attached over pouring cone is placed over level ground and completely filled with sand and weighed
The weight of sand + cylinder before pouring =_1
Now place the cylinder on the glass plate and open the shutter allow the sand to run out. Weigh the sand collected on the glass plate. This is the weight of sand filling pouring cone.
The weight of sand in pouring cone =_
The weight of sand + cylinder after pouring on the glass =_2
The weight of sand in pouring cone =_=_1_2
Determination of bulk unit weight of sand
Determine the volume of the calibrated container (V)
Filled the pouring cylinder with weight _1 again. Now placed over calibrating container and open the shutter, permit the sand to run into calibrating cylinder. When no further movement of sand is seen, close the shutter. Remove the pouring cylinder and weigh it.
The weight of sand + cylinder after pouring into calibrated cylinder =_3
The weight of sand filling calibrated cylinder (_ )=_1(_+_3 ")"
Determination of bulk unit weight of natural soil
Exposed about 45 cm square area of the soil and trim it down to a level surface.
Keep the metal tray on the level surface and excavate a circular hole of 10 cm diameter and 15 cm depth.
The weight of excavated soil =^
Remove the tray, and placed the sand pouring cylinder over the hole, the cylinder should have sand of weight _1.
Open the shutter and permit the sand to run into the hole. Close the shutter when no movement of the sand seen.
Remove the cylinder and weigh the sand pouring cylinder.
The weight of sand +cylinder after pouring into hole =_4
The weight of sand in the hole (ゃ_)=_1(_4+_)
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/
Follow #MachenLink
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/machenLink/
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/machenlink/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MachenLink
Core cutter method
Core cutter methodMachenLink
油
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/soil-mehcanics/
Description:
Cutter is driven into the ground with the help of hammer until dolly extends 1cm above the ground.
Cutter is taken out of the ground and weight of soil retained in it is noted.
Weight of empty cutter = _1
The weight of cutter + moist soil =_2
The weight of moist soil, =_2_1
The volume of core cutter, =0.785 激^2
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/
Follow #MachenLink
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/machenLink/
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/machenlink/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MachenLinkDetermination of specific gravity
Determination of specific gravityMachenLink
油
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/soil-mehcanics/
Description:
Series of observation involved in all density bottle, pycnometer and flask are same.
The empty weight of pycnometer _( ).
Oven dry sample of soil + pycnometer _( ).
The empty volume of pycnometer is filled with water in multiple stages simultaneous removal of air present in soil either by constant stirring or by use of vacuum at the top of the pycnometer.
The pycnometer is being again weight after filling the empty volume with water _( ).
The pycnometer is then completely emptied and again filled with water after cleaning properly _( ).
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/
Follow #MachenLink
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/machenLink/
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/machenlink/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MachenLinkStandard Penetration Test (SPT)
Standard Penetration Test (SPT)MachenLink
油
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/
Description:
This test (IS: 2131 1981) is performed in a clean hole, 100 to 150 mm in diameter.
A casing or drilling mud is used to support the sides of the hole.
This test is most commonly used for cohesionless soil which can not be easily sampled.
Useful for determining the relative density and the angle of shear resistance.
It can also be used to determine the unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil.
The test shall be made,
At every change in stratum
At intervals not more than 1.5 m
If the number of blows for 150mm exceeds 50 it is taken as a refusal and the test is discontinuous
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/
Follow #MachenLink
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/machenLink/
Linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/company/machenlink/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/MachenLinkWhat are the Grades of Concrete according to IS:456?
What are the Grades of Concrete according to IS:456?MachenLink
油
In this booster, you will learn -
1. How to find characteristics strength of concrete?
2. What are the grades of concrete described in IS 456?Phases of soil investigation
Phases of soil investigationMachenLink
油
For Full Course visit our website
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/
The phases of Soil Investigation
1. PHASE -I (Desk Study)
2. PHASE -II (Preliminary Reconnaissance)
3. PHASE -III (Detailed Soil Exploration)
4. PHASE -IV (Laboratory Testing)
5. PHASE -V (Write a report)
For Full Course visit our website
https://www.machenlink.com/course/foundation-engineering/Determination of water content (Calcium Carbide method, Radiation method, Tor...
Determination of water content (Calcium Carbide method, Radiation method, Tor...MachenLink
油
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/soil-mehcanics/
Methods of determining water content
1. Oven drying Method
2. Sand Bath Method
3. Alcohol Method
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgrKaUgohHw&index=4&list=PLjNHcF09jOW0y3RNIZyvha_IDmIxpCDVB
4. Pycnometer Method
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCyfa8vawmw&list=PLjNHcF09jOW0y3RNIZyvha_IDmIxpCDVB&index=5
5. Calcium Carbide Method
6. Radiation Method
7. Torsional Balance Method
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/soil-mehcanics/
Pycnometer method (water content) machen link
Pycnometer method (water content) machen linkMachenLink
油
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/soil-mehcanics/
Method of Determining Water Content
1. Oven Drying Method
2. Sand Bath Method
3. Alcohol Method
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgrKaUgohHw&t=4s
4. Pycnometer
5. Calcium Carbide Method
6. Radiation Method
7. Torsional Method
For full course visit our website :
https://www.machenlink.com/course/soil-mehcanics/Recently uploaded (20)
Dot NET Core Interview Questions PDF By ScholarHat
Dot NET Core Interview Questions PDF By ScholarHatScholarhat
油
Dot NET Core Interview Questions PDF By ScholarHatUnit 1 Computer Hardware for Educational Computing.pptx
Unit 1 Computer Hardware for Educational Computing.pptxRomaSmart1
油
Computers have revolutionized various sectors, including education, by enhancing learning experiences and making information more accessible. This presentation, "Computer Hardware for Educational Computing," introduces the fundamental aspects of computers, including their definition, characteristics, classification, and significance in the educational domain. Understanding these concepts helps educators and students leverage technology for more effective learning.Entity Framework Interview Questions PDF By ScholarHat
Entity Framework Interview Questions PDF By ScholarHatScholarhat
油
Entity Framework Interview Questions PDF By ScholarHatFull-Stack .NET Developer Interview Questions PDF By ScholarHat
Full-Stack .NET Developer Interview Questions PDF By ScholarHatScholarhat
油
Full-Stack .NET Developer Interview Questions PDF By ScholarHat
How to create security group category in Odoo 17
How to create security group category in Odoo 17Celine George
油
This slide will represent the creation of security group category in odoo 17. Security groups are essential for managing user access and permissions across different modules. Creating a security group category helps to organize related user groups and streamline permission settings within a specific module or functionality.Dr. Ansari Khurshid Ahmed- Factors affecting Validity of a Test.pptx
Dr. Ansari Khurshid Ahmed- Factors affecting Validity of a Test.pptxKhurshid Ahmed Ansari
油
Validity is an important characteristic of a test. A test having low validity is of little use. Validity is the accuracy with which a test measures whatever it is supposed to measure. Validity can be low, moderate or high. There are many factors which affect the validity of a test. If these factors are controlled, then the validity of the test can be maintained to a high level. In the power point presentation, factors affecting validity are discussed with the help of concrete examples.
Oral exam Kenneth Bech - What is the meaning of strategic fit?
Oral exam Kenneth Bech - What is the meaning of strategic fit?MIPLM
油
Presentation of the CEIPI DU IPBA oral exam of Kenneth Bech - What is the meaning of strategic fit? Azure Administrator Interview Questions By ScholarHat
Azure Administrator Interview Questions By ScholarHatScholarhat
油
Azure Administrator Interview Questions By ScholarHatB畛 TEST KI畛M TRA GI畛A K 2 - TI畉NG ANH 10,11,12 - CHU畉N FORM 2025 - GLOBAL SU...
B畛 TEST KI畛M TRA GI畛A K 2 - TI畉NG ANH 10,11,12 - CHU畉N FORM 2025 - GLOBAL SU...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
油
https://app.box.com/s/ij1ty3vm7el9i4qfrr41o756xycbahmgBISNIS BERKAH BERANGKAT KE MEKKAH ISTIKMAL SYARIAH
BISNIS BERKAH BERANGKAT KE MEKKAH ISTIKMAL SYARIAHcoacharyasetiyaki
油
BISNIS BERKAH BERANGKAT KE MEKKAH ISTIKMAL SYARIAHIntellectual Honesty & Research Integrity.pptx
Intellectual Honesty & Research Integrity.pptxNidhiSharma495177
油
Research Publication & Ethics contains a chapter on Intellectual Honesty and Research Integrity.
Different case studies of intellectual dishonesty and integrity were discussed.
How to Configure Recurring Revenue in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Configure Recurring Revenue in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
油
This slide will represent how to configure Recurring revenue. Recurring revenue are the income generated at a particular interval. Typically, the interval can be monthly, yearly, or we can customize the intervals for a product or service based on its subscription or contract. Blind spots in AI and Formulation Science, IFPAC 2025.pdf
Blind spots in AI and Formulation Science, IFPAC 2025.pdfAjaz Hussain
油
The intersection of AI and pharmaceutical formulation science highlights significant blind spotssystemic gaps in pharmaceutical development, regulatory oversight, quality assurance, and the ethical use of AIthat could jeopardize patient safety and undermine public trust. To move forward effectively, we must address these normalized blind spots, which may arise from outdated assumptions, errors, gaps in previous knowledge, and biases in language or regulatory inertia. This is essential to ensure that AI and formulation science are developed as tools for patient-centered and ethical healthcare.Azure Data Engineer Interview Questions By ScholarHat
Azure Data Engineer Interview Questions By ScholarHatScholarhat
油
Azure Data Engineer Interview Questions By ScholarHat
Meeting the needs of modern students?, Selina McCoy
Meeting the needs of modern students?, Selina McCoyEconomic and Social Research Institute
油
NAPD Annual Symposium
Equity in our Schools: Does the system deliver for all young people?B畛 TEST KI畛M TRA GI畛A K 2 - TI畉NG ANH 10,11,12 - CHU畉N FORM 2025 - GLOBAL SU...
B畛 TEST KI畛M TRA GI畛A K 2 - TI畉NG ANH 10,11,12 - CHU畉N FORM 2025 - GLOBAL SU...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
油
Working Stress Method v/s Limit State Method
- 1. MachenLink RCC Limit State Method v/s Working Stress Method Booster
- 2. MachenLink Working Stress Method Limit State Method WSM is an elastic design method. The stress in material is allowed to go beyond the yield limit and enter into the plastic zone to reach ultimate strength. LSM is strain based method. WSM is deterministic approach. In this design method, members are designed to never go beyond their elastic range. LSM is a plastic design method. WSM is stress based method. LSM is non-deterministic method. Factor safety is used find the allowable stress. Partial Safety factors are used for Design WSM Vs LSM