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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
             BY
         SARAH PAUL
   ARPITHA BABU THYKATIL
   JANVI AMARDEEP JOSEPH
The Respiratory System
           Basic functions of the respiratory system
                 Supplies body with oxygen
                 Disposes of carbon dioxide
           Four processes involved respiration
                 Pulmonary ventilation
                 External respiration
                 Transport of respiratory gases
                 Internal respiration

Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Functional Anatomy of the
                      Respiratory System
           Respiratory organs
                 Nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses
                 Pharynx, larynx, and trachea
                 Bronchi and smaller branches
                 Lungs and alveoli




Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Organs of the Respiratory
                             System




Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings   Figure 21.1
The Nose
           Provides an airway for respiration
           Moistens and warms air
           Filters inhaled air
           Resonating chamber for speech
           Houses olfactory receptors




Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Larynx
           Three functions
                 Voice production
                 Provides an open airway
                 Routes air and food into the proper channels
                        Superior opening is
                           Closed during swallowing

                           Open during breathing




Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Trachea
           Descends into the mediastinum
           C-shaped cartilage rings keep airway open
           Carina
                 Marks where trachea divides into two primary
                  bronchi
                 Epithelium
                        Pseudostratified ciliated columnar



Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Trachea




Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings   Figure 21.7a, b
Bronchi
           Bronchial tree
                 Extensively branching respiratory passageways
                        Primary bronchi (main bronchi)
                                Largest bronchi
                        Right main bronchi
                                Wider and shorter than the left




Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Bronchi




Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings   Figure 21.8a
Structures of the Respiratory
                           Zone




Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings   Figure 21.9a
Structures of the Respiratory
                           Zone




Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings   Figure 21.9b
Anatomy of Alveoli and the
                   Respiratory Membrane




Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings   Figure 21.10b
Location of Lungs in Thoracic
                         Cavity




Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings   Figure 21.12a, b
Bronchopulmonary Segments




Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings   Figure 21.15 (2 of 2)
Blood Supply and Innervation of
                  the Lungs
           Pulmonary arteries
                 Deliver oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
           Pulmonary veins
                 Carry oxygenated blood to the heart
           Innervation
                 Sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral
                  sensory fibers
                        Parasympathetic  constrict airways
                        Sympathetic  dilate airways


Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Disorders of Respiratory
                               Structures
           Cystic fibrosis (CF)  inherited disease
                 Exocrine gland function is disrupted
                 Respiratory system affected by
                        Oversecretion of viscous mucus
           Epistaxis  nosebleed
           Epiglottitis  inflammation and swelling of
            the epiglottis


Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Aging of the Respiratory System
           Number of glands in the nasal mucosa declines
           Nose dries
                 Produces thickened mucus
           Thoracic wall becomes more rigid
           Lungs lose elasticity
           Oxygen levels in the blood may fall



Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Respiratory system orginal
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Respiratory system orginal

  • 1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM BY SARAH PAUL ARPITHA BABU THYKATIL JANVI AMARDEEP JOSEPH
  • 2. The Respiratory System Basic functions of the respiratory system Supplies body with oxygen Disposes of carbon dioxide Four processes involved respiration Pulmonary ventilation External respiration Transport of respiratory gases Internal respiration Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
  • 3. Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory System Respiratory organs Nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinuses Pharynx, larynx, and trachea Bronchi and smaller branches Lungs and alveoli Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
  • 4. Organs of the Respiratory System Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.1
  • 5. The Nose Provides an airway for respiration Moistens and warms air Filters inhaled air Resonating chamber for speech Houses olfactory receptors Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
  • 6. The Larynx Three functions Voice production Provides an open airway Routes air and food into the proper channels Superior opening is Closed during swallowing Open during breathing Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
  • 7. The Trachea Descends into the mediastinum C-shaped cartilage rings keep airway open Carina Marks where trachea divides into two primary bronchi Epithelium Pseudostratified ciliated columnar Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
  • 8. The Trachea Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.7a, b
  • 9. Bronchi Bronchial tree Extensively branching respiratory passageways Primary bronchi (main bronchi) Largest bronchi Right main bronchi Wider and shorter than the left Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
  • 10. Bronchi Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.8a
  • 11. Structures of the Respiratory Zone Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.9a
  • 12. Structures of the Respiratory Zone Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.9b
  • 13. Anatomy of Alveoli and the Respiratory Membrane Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.10b
  • 14. Location of Lungs in Thoracic Cavity Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.12a, b
  • 15. Bronchopulmonary Segments Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 21.15 (2 of 2)
  • 16. Blood Supply and Innervation of the Lungs Pulmonary arteries Deliver oxygen-poor blood to the lungs Pulmonary veins Carry oxygenated blood to the heart Innervation Sympathetic, parasympathetic, and visceral sensory fibers Parasympathetic constrict airways Sympathetic dilate airways Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
  • 17. Disorders of Respiratory Structures Cystic fibrosis (CF) inherited disease Exocrine gland function is disrupted Respiratory system affected by Oversecretion of viscous mucus Epistaxis nosebleed Epiglottitis inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
  • 18. Aging of the Respiratory System Number of glands in the nasal mucosa declines Nose dries Produces thickened mucus Thoracic wall becomes more rigid Lungs lose elasticity Oxygen levels in the blood may fall Copyright 息 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings