Retailing from three different perspectives, Characteristics, Activities performed by Retailers, Organized Retail Trade, Advantages of organized retail, Types of Retailing, Store & Non-Store Retailing, Internet Retailing, Catalog Retailing (Mail-order retailing), Direct Selling (door-to-door retailing), Tele Selling, TV Home Shopping, Vending Machines (Automatic Retailing), Retail Formats, On the basis of Merchandise Offered or Store Strategy Mix, Super Market, Hyper Market, Shopping Mall, Form of Ownership, Independent, Retal, Franchising, Leased Department, Co-Operative Outlet
Direct marketing, online maketing, retailingArchit Sharma
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Direct marketing involves communicating directly with customers through various channels to promote a specific call to action. It emphasizes measurable responses from targeted customers. Some key benefits of direct marketing include being able to directly measure results and response rates. Common direct marketing channels include email, mobile, telemarketing, direct response TV, and direct mail. Retailing involves the sale of physical goods from a fixed location to consumers. Common types of retailers include department stores, discount stores, supermarkets, and specialty stores.
This document provides a summary of chapters 13-14 from the textbook and chapter 8 from another source. It discusses key topics such as marketing channels, designing channel systems, managing intermediaries, and trends in retailing including the growth of e-commerce and mobile commerce. Major types of retailers and wholesalers are defined. The document also examines supply chain management, private label brands, and multichannel marketing strategies.
Marketing channels, retailers and wholesalersMayanka Singh
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1. The document discusses marketing channels and different types of intermediaries involved in making products available to consumers such as retailers, wholesalers, distributors.
2. It describes different channel structures from zero-level channels involving direct sales to consumers to multi-level channels involving multiple intermediaries.
3. The roles and functions of different channel members as well as important considerations in designing, managing, and integrating marketing channels are summarized.
This document discusses marketing channels and value networks. It defines a marketing channel as the set of interdependent organizations involved in making a product available for use. It discusses channel types, levels, functions and design considerations. It also covers topics like channel conflicts, retail management, wholesaling, private labels, and market logistics. Effective channel design requires analyzing customer needs, objectives, alternatives and making decisions around intermediaries, roles and responsibilities.
This document discusses key concepts related to marketing channels and logistics. It defines marketing channels as the set of interdependent organizations involved in making a product available for consumption. It also discusses types of retailers like specialty stores, department stores, and convenience stores. It covers wholesaling functions like selling, buying, warehousing, and risk bearing. The document emphasizes integrated logistics planning and objectives like minimizing total costs while meeting customer requirements.
The document discusses key aspects of marketing channels, including the importance of effective channel strategy, the growing power of retailers, and the need to reduce distribution costs. It also covers relationship marketing and building long-term partnerships between producers and distributors. The overall message is that channel strategy is crucial for business success given the importance of efficiently distributing products to customers.
The document discusses various theories of structural change in retailing including the wheel of retailing, dialectic process, and natural selection. It also covers different ways retailers can be classified such as by ownership, operational structure, merchandise offering, retail location, methods of customer interaction, and pricing policy. Examples are provided to illustrate concepts like the wheel of retailing and different retail formats.
Marketing channel & supply chain management (principles of marketing)Denni Domingo
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1) A supply chain consists of upstream suppliers and downstream distribution channels that help produce and deliver products to customers. It is important for marketers to consider both the supply chain and demand chain in their planning.
2) Most producers use intermediaries like wholesalers and retailers to help distribute products through marketing channels to reach more customers. These intermediaries help bridge gaps in time, place, and ownership.
3) When designing marketing channels, companies must evaluate alternatives based on meeting customer needs while optimizing costs, control, and adaptability to changes in the environment. Managing relationships with strong channel partners is also important for success.
Chapter 11 marketing channels and supply chain managementKimberly porio
油
Caterpillar has dominated the global construction and mining equipment market with over 35% market share. They attribute their success to high quality products, manufacturing flexibility, innovation, and responsiveness to customer needs. However, their most important competitive advantage is their distribution system of independent dealers that build strong customer relationships. Caterpillar partners closely with dealers to provide value to customers through dealer profitability, support, communication, monitoring performance, and personal relationships. This mutually beneficial distribution system is a major source of Caterpillar's competitive advantage and is built on trust and shared goals between the company and its dealers.
This document discusses distribution strategies and channels. It defines distribution as making products available for consumption and explains key concepts like push and pull strategies. The document outlines different types of marketing channels from direct to multichannel. It also discusses managing conflicts between channels and selecting strategies based on desired control, coverage and costs. Physical distribution tasks like order processing, inventory control and transportation are also summarized.
iThis PowerPoint presentation provides an in-depth overview of managing retailing, focusing on modern retail environments, key retailing decisions, omnichannel retailing, managing private labels, and wholesaling. It covers various trends in retail, such as mobile and omnichannel retailing, fast retailing, and the increasing role of technology. Additionally, it explores crucial retailing decisions regarding target markets, product assortment, pricing, incentives, and communications. The presentation also discusses the importance of private labels and strategies manufacturers can use to compete with them. Finally, it differentiates between wholesalers and retailers and outlines the roles of merchant wholesalers and brokers/agents.
This document provides an overview of retailing. It defines retailing as the sale of goods or services from a business to consumers for their own use in small quantities. A retailer purchases goods from manufacturers or wholesalers and sells them to consumers. Retailing involves understanding the supply chain to ensure the right products are delivered on time and at an affordable price. There are different types of retailing including store retailing, non-store retailing, corporate retailing, internet retailing, and service retailing. Retailers play important roles like sorting products, breaking bulk, communicating with consumers and manufacturers, and marketing products.
This document discusses key aspects of distribution channels and retail formats. It outlines the functions of distribution channels in buying, carrying inventory, selling, transporting, financing, promoting, negotiating, conducting market research, and servicing. It also discusses channel design considerations like establishing objectives, identifying alternatives, and evaluating options. Finally, it describes various retail formats like convenience stores, department stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets, discount stores, and factory outlets.
Chapter 16 Managing Retailing, Wholesaling And Logistics Mendozamendozamaryrose
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This document contains 10 learning questions about retail, wholesaling, and logistics management. It provides definitions and examples of different types of retailers like department stores, discount stores, and supermarkets. It also distinguishes between retailers and wholesalers. Additional topics covered include levels of customer service, types of non-store retailing like direct selling and direct marketing, factors considered in retail marketing decisions, pricing strategies of retailers, private label brands, and decisions regarding inventory management and logistics.
This PPT waz submitted to IIPM Delhi. Our group i.e. Mehfuz,Manish,Divyank,Shikha,Yuvaraj...
If one needs n e more ppts den contact on mefuz@yahoo.co.in
- The document discusses marketing channels and value networks, explaining the functions and types of intermediaries involved in moving goods from producers to consumers. It also examines how companies can design effective channel strategies and make decisions around channel management, integration, and issues in e-commerce and mobile marketing channels. Managing conflicts between channels and building partnerships across the value network are also addressed.
Wholesalers are intermediary firms that purchase goods in bulk from manufacturers and sell them in smaller quantities to retailers. There are three main types of wholesalers: merchant wholesalers, who take ownership of goods and store them; brokers and agents, who facilitate sales but do not take ownership; and manufacturers' sales branches, which distribute their own products. Wholesalers provide benefits like expanding markets, cash flow for manufacturers, and moderating supply and demand fluctuations. New technologies, global competition, and retail consolidation are forcing wholesalers to modify their practices to remain competitive in the changing market.
This document discusses marketing channels and channel management. It begins by defining marketing channels as the set of interdependent organizations involved in making a product available for use or consumption. It then discusses the importance of channels in converting potential buyers to profitable consumers and creating markets. The document provides examples of pull and push strategies and hybrid/multichannel marketing. It also discusses value networks, benefits of demand chain planning, roles of marketing channels, channel functions and flows. The rest of the document focuses on channel design, evaluation, selection, training, motivation, and modification. It discusses vertical marketing systems, horizontal marketing systems, and multichannel marketing systems. It also addresses causes of channel conflict and the need for coordination.
Place in Marketing Mix (Marketing Management)Arnav Chowdhury
油
This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of distribution channels and their role in delivering products and services to the market. It covers various types of distribution strategies, including direct, indirect, intensive, selective, and exclusive distribution, as well as the benefits and challenges of each approach. Learn how to design efficient distribution networks, manage logistics, and optimize supply chain performance. Ideal for business students, supply chain professionals, and marketers, this guide offers valuable insights and practical tips for creating effective distribution strategies that enhance market reach and customer satisfaction.
The document discusses marketing channels and supply chain management. It covers topics like distribution channels, why companies use channels instead of direct sales, examples of common channels like wholesalers and retailers, and challenges around channel conflict. It also discusses omnichannel retailing, factors in channel choice, and key functions in a supply chain like transportation, inventory management, and warehousing.
Store layout and design are important strategies for influencing customer behavior and maximizing store success. Key considerations for layout include floor space allocation, traffic flow, and product placement. Visual merchandising techniques like lighting, displays, and signage are also crucial for attracting customers and promoting sales. Effective distribution channels move products from manufacturers to customers through intermediaries. Selecting and motivating channel members, while controlling conflicts between parties, are important management tasks.
The document discusses marketing mix place decisions, which involve how to distribute products to target customers. It covers channel distribution systems that perform transactional, logistical, and facilitating functions. Distribution decisions include location, market coverage, channel member selection, logistics, and service levels. Most producers use intermediaries like distributors and retailers rather than selling directly to end users. Effective channel management requires selecting and motivating intermediaries. The document provides examples of Apple Stores and Vodafone stores as direct marketing channels.
This chapter discusses integrated marketing communications and the promotional mix. It explains that IMC coordinates all promotional activities to deliver a unified customer message. The promotional mix includes personal selling, advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and direct marketing. The chapter also describes pulling and pushing strategies, how to budget for and measure the effectiveness of promotion, and the value of marketing communications.
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Marketing channel & supply chain management (principles of marketing)Denni Domingo
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1) A supply chain consists of upstream suppliers and downstream distribution channels that help produce and deliver products to customers. It is important for marketers to consider both the supply chain and demand chain in their planning.
2) Most producers use intermediaries like wholesalers and retailers to help distribute products through marketing channels to reach more customers. These intermediaries help bridge gaps in time, place, and ownership.
3) When designing marketing channels, companies must evaluate alternatives based on meeting customer needs while optimizing costs, control, and adaptability to changes in the environment. Managing relationships with strong channel partners is also important for success.
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Caterpillar has dominated the global construction and mining equipment market with over 35% market share. They attribute their success to high quality products, manufacturing flexibility, innovation, and responsiveness to customer needs. However, their most important competitive advantage is their distribution system of independent dealers that build strong customer relationships. Caterpillar partners closely with dealers to provide value to customers through dealer profitability, support, communication, monitoring performance, and personal relationships. This mutually beneficial distribution system is a major source of Caterpillar's competitive advantage and is built on trust and shared goals between the company and its dealers.
This document discusses distribution strategies and channels. It defines distribution as making products available for consumption and explains key concepts like push and pull strategies. The document outlines different types of marketing channels from direct to multichannel. It also discusses managing conflicts between channels and selecting strategies based on desired control, coverage and costs. Physical distribution tasks like order processing, inventory control and transportation are also summarized.
iThis PowerPoint presentation provides an in-depth overview of managing retailing, focusing on modern retail environments, key retailing decisions, omnichannel retailing, managing private labels, and wholesaling. It covers various trends in retail, such as mobile and omnichannel retailing, fast retailing, and the increasing role of technology. Additionally, it explores crucial retailing decisions regarding target markets, product assortment, pricing, incentives, and communications. The presentation also discusses the importance of private labels and strategies manufacturers can use to compete with them. Finally, it differentiates between wholesalers and retailers and outlines the roles of merchant wholesalers and brokers/agents.
This document provides an overview of retailing. It defines retailing as the sale of goods or services from a business to consumers for their own use in small quantities. A retailer purchases goods from manufacturers or wholesalers and sells them to consumers. Retailing involves understanding the supply chain to ensure the right products are delivered on time and at an affordable price. There are different types of retailing including store retailing, non-store retailing, corporate retailing, internet retailing, and service retailing. Retailers play important roles like sorting products, breaking bulk, communicating with consumers and manufacturers, and marketing products.
This document discusses key aspects of distribution channels and retail formats. It outlines the functions of distribution channels in buying, carrying inventory, selling, transporting, financing, promoting, negotiating, conducting market research, and servicing. It also discusses channel design considerations like establishing objectives, identifying alternatives, and evaluating options. Finally, it describes various retail formats like convenience stores, department stores, supermarkets, hypermarkets, discount stores, and factory outlets.
Chapter 16 Managing Retailing, Wholesaling And Logistics Mendozamendozamaryrose
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This document contains 10 learning questions about retail, wholesaling, and logistics management. It provides definitions and examples of different types of retailers like department stores, discount stores, and supermarkets. It also distinguishes between retailers and wholesalers. Additional topics covered include levels of customer service, types of non-store retailing like direct selling and direct marketing, factors considered in retail marketing decisions, pricing strategies of retailers, private label brands, and decisions regarding inventory management and logistics.
This PPT waz submitted to IIPM Delhi. Our group i.e. Mehfuz,Manish,Divyank,Shikha,Yuvaraj...
If one needs n e more ppts den contact on mefuz@yahoo.co.in
- The document discusses marketing channels and value networks, explaining the functions and types of intermediaries involved in moving goods from producers to consumers. It also examines how companies can design effective channel strategies and make decisions around channel management, integration, and issues in e-commerce and mobile marketing channels. Managing conflicts between channels and building partnerships across the value network are also addressed.
Wholesalers are intermediary firms that purchase goods in bulk from manufacturers and sell them in smaller quantities to retailers. There are three main types of wholesalers: merchant wholesalers, who take ownership of goods and store them; brokers and agents, who facilitate sales but do not take ownership; and manufacturers' sales branches, which distribute their own products. Wholesalers provide benefits like expanding markets, cash flow for manufacturers, and moderating supply and demand fluctuations. New technologies, global competition, and retail consolidation are forcing wholesalers to modify their practices to remain competitive in the changing market.
This document discusses marketing channels and channel management. It begins by defining marketing channels as the set of interdependent organizations involved in making a product available for use or consumption. It then discusses the importance of channels in converting potential buyers to profitable consumers and creating markets. The document provides examples of pull and push strategies and hybrid/multichannel marketing. It also discusses value networks, benefits of demand chain planning, roles of marketing channels, channel functions and flows. The rest of the document focuses on channel design, evaluation, selection, training, motivation, and modification. It discusses vertical marketing systems, horizontal marketing systems, and multichannel marketing systems. It also addresses causes of channel conflict and the need for coordination.
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This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of distribution channels and their role in delivering products and services to the market. It covers various types of distribution strategies, including direct, indirect, intensive, selective, and exclusive distribution, as well as the benefits and challenges of each approach. Learn how to design efficient distribution networks, manage logistics, and optimize supply chain performance. Ideal for business students, supply chain professionals, and marketers, this guide offers valuable insights and practical tips for creating effective distribution strategies that enhance market reach and customer satisfaction.
The document discusses marketing channels and supply chain management. It covers topics like distribution channels, why companies use channels instead of direct sales, examples of common channels like wholesalers and retailers, and challenges around channel conflict. It also discusses omnichannel retailing, factors in channel choice, and key functions in a supply chain like transportation, inventory management, and warehousing.
Store layout and design are important strategies for influencing customer behavior and maximizing store success. Key considerations for layout include floor space allocation, traffic flow, and product placement. Visual merchandising techniques like lighting, displays, and signage are also crucial for attracting customers and promoting sales. Effective distribution channels move products from manufacturers to customers through intermediaries. Selecting and motivating channel members, while controlling conflicts between parties, are important management tasks.
The document discusses marketing mix place decisions, which involve how to distribute products to target customers. It covers channel distribution systems that perform transactional, logistical, and facilitating functions. Distribution decisions include location, market coverage, channel member selection, logistics, and service levels. Most producers use intermediaries like distributors and retailers rather than selling directly to end users. Effective channel management requires selecting and motivating intermediaries. The document provides examples of Apple Stores and Vodafone stores as direct marketing channels.
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Tran Quoc Bao is reshaping Vietnams healthcare landscape, with a transformative impact on City International Hospital (CIH) and the broader region. As the CEO of Prima Saigon, Vietnams leading international daycare and ambulatory hospital, Bao has set new benchmarks for medical excellence and innovation. His leadership at Prima Saigon has not only placed the institution at the forefront of healthcare but also positioned Vietnam as a rising star in the global medical community.
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CURRICULUM VITAE
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Outline of Human Motivation
1. Introduction to Human Motivation
Definition of motivation
Importance of understanding motivation
Overview of motivational theories
2. Theories of Motivation
A. Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation
Definitions and differences
Examples of each type
B. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Overview of the five levels of needs
Application of the theory in real-life scenarios
C. Self-Determination Theory (SDT)
Overview of intrinsic motivation and its three basic psychological needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness
The impact of SDT on personal growth and well-being
D. Expectancy Theory
Explanation of how expectations influence motivation
Components: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence
E. Goal-Setting Theory
Importance of setting specific and challenging goals
The SMART criteria (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound)
3. Factors Influencing Motivation
A. Biological Factors
Role of genetics and neurochemistry in motivation
Impact of physical health and well-being
B. Psychological Factors
Personality traits and their influence on motivation
The role of mindset (fixed vs. growth mindset)
C. Social and Environmental Factors
Influence of culture, family, peers, and society on motivation
The impact of the workplace environment and leadership styles
4. Motivation in Different Contexts
A. Education
How motivation affects learning and academic performance
Strategies to enhance student motivation
B. Workplace
Importance of employee motivation for productivity and job satisfaction
Techniques for fostering motivation in the workplace
C. Personal Development
Motivation for self-improvement and personal goals
The role of habits and routines in maintaining motivation
5. Challenges to Motivation
Common obstacles to motivation (e.g., procrastination, fear of failure)
Strategies to overcome motivational challenges
6. Conclusion
Summary of key points
The significance of understanding motivation for personal and societal growth
7. References
A list of academic sources and literature on motivation
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RFM analysis.pptx ARFM analysis is part of service and retail marketing
1. RFM analysis
A method often used in catalog and Internet
channels to determine customer segments
that a retailer should target for a promotion
or catalog mailing.
1
2. The method uses three factors to evaluate the
potential contribution of each customer
segment: how recently the customers in the
segment made a purchase, how frequently
they make purchases, and how much money
they have spent.
2
3. The classification of customers into these
segments is based on the profitability of the
customers, not sales.
3
4. For example
Customers who pay full price and buy the
same amount of merchandise have a higher
CLV than customers who only buy items on
sales.
4
5. Example
Customers who return 30 percent of the
merchandise they purchase have a lower CLV
than customers who rarely return
merchandise.
5
7. Offer Tiered Rewards
Many frequent-shopper programs contain
cascading tier levels, such as silver, gold, and
platinum. The higher the tier, the better the
rewards.
7
8. Treat High CLVs as VIPs
Consumers respond to being treated as if they
are someone special. Effective programs,
therefore, go beyond discounts on purchases
to offer unique rewards. For example, in its
PowerUp Rewards program, GameStop
encouraged its target customers to spend
more on racing and fantasy video games by
offering tickets to NASCAR races
8
10. Customer Pyramid
For most retailers, a relatively small number
of customers account for the majority of their
profits. This condition is often called the 80-20
rule 80 percent of the sales or profits come
from 20 percent of the customers.
10
11. Source: Michael Levy, Barton A. Weitz, Dhruv Grewal, Retailing
Management, McGraw Hill (2023).
11
13. Example
The Nike stores create a sense of community
by hosting running groups that meet weekly
at the store for refreshments.
13
14. Web and other Forms of
Nontraditional Retailing
Retail channel is the way a retailer sells and
delivers merchandise and services to its
customers.
14
15. The most common channel used by retailers is
a store. Retailers also use a variety of
nonstore channels, including the Internet,
mobile, catalogs and direct mail, direct selling,
television home shop ping, direct-response
TV, and automated retailing (vending
machines) to make sales to customers.
15
17. Catalog Channel
The catalog channel is a nonstore retail
channel in which the retail offering is
communicated to customers through a
catalog mailed to customers.
17
18. The merchandise categories with the greatest
catalog sales are drugs, beauty aids,
computers, software, clothing, accesso ries,
furniture, and housewares.
18
19. Direct-Response TV Channel
The direct-response TV (DRTV) channel is a
retail channel in which customers watch a TV
advertisement that demonstrates
merchandise and then place orders for that
merchandise.
19
20. Direct Selling Channel
Direct selling is a retail channel in which
salespeople interact with customers face- to
face in a convenient location, either at the cus
tomers home or at work.
20
21. Automated Retailing (Vending
Machines) Channel
Automated retailing is a retail channel in
which merchandise or services are stored in a
machine and dispensed to customers when
they deposit cash or use a credit card.
Automated retailing machines, also known as
vending machines , are typically placed at
convenient, high-traffic locations.
21
22. Benefits Provided by Different
Channels
Source: Michael Levy, Barton A. Weitz, Dhruv Grewal,
Retailing Management, McGraw Hill (2023).
22
23. The Internet Channel
Deeper and Broader Selection
More Information for Evaluating Merchandise
Personalization
23
24. Apps
Apps are software applications designed to
improve the consumers shopping experi
ences when using smartphones and tablets.
Apps developed by retailers are typically used
to easily perform some specific functions
available on the retailers website but do not
provide access to all of the functions available
on the website.
24
25. Amazon vs. Alibaba: The Race to
Dominate Fast Global Shipping | WSJ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6jGTdQ
c-Ms
25
27. Multichannel retailing
Multichannel retailing involves using more
than one channel to sell and de liver
merchandise and services to consumers
27
28. Omniretailing
The term omniretailing is frequently used
when discussing multichannel retailing; it
refers to a coordinated multichannel retail
offering that provides a seamless customer
experience when using all of the retailers
shopping channels.
28
29. Internet Retailing Channels
Electronic and Mobile Retailing
Internet retailing involves retailers interacting
with consumers via the Internet, whether they
use a traditional computer or a laptop, a
variety of sizes of tablets or a smartphone.
29
30. Mobile commerce
The mobile channel (also called mobile
retailing, mobile commerce, or m-commerce),
involves accessing the Internet using a
smartphone.
30
31. From a retailing perspective, smartphones
differ from traditional computers in that they
are more portable, have a smaller display, are
location-aware, use different touch screen
technology to access the Internet, and as a
result of these factors produce a different
interface experience with the user.
31
32. Catalog Channel
The catalog channel is a nonstore retail
channel in which the retail offering is com
municated to customers through a catalog
mailed to customers.
32
33. Direct-Response TV Channel
The direct-response TV (DRTV) channel is a
retail channel in which customers watch a TV
advertisement that demonstrates
merchandise and then place orders for that
merchandise.
33
34. Television Home Shopping Channel
Television home shopping is a retail channel in
which customers watch a TV net work with
programs that demonstrate merchandise and
then place orders for that merchandise,
usually by telephone or via the Internet.
34
36. Automated Retailing (Vending
Machines) Channel
Automated retailing
is a retail channel in
which merchandise
or services are
stored in a machine
and dispensed to
customers when
they deposit cash or
use a credit card.
36
37. Developing Merchandise Plans
Merchandise management is the process by
which a retailer attempts to offer the
appropriate quantity of the right
merchandise, in the right place and at the
right time, so that it can meet the companys
financial goals.
37
38. Merchandise Category
A merchandise category is an assortment of
items that customers see as substitutes for
one another.
38
39. Example
A department store might offer a wide variety
of girls dresses sizes 4 to 6 in different colors,
styles, and brand names.
39
40. A mother buying a dress for her daughter
might consider the entire set of dresses when
making her purchase decision.
40
41. Lowering the price on one dress may increase
the sales of that dress but also decrease the
sales of other dresses.
41
43. Types of Merchandise Management
Planning Systems
Staple merchandise categories
Fashion merchandise categories
43
44. Staple merchandise categories
Staple merchandise categories, also called
basic merchandise categories, are those
categories that are in continuous demand
over an extended time period.
44
45. While consumer packaged goods companies
introduce many new products each year,
the number of new to the world product
introductions each year in staple categories is
limited.
45
46. Example
Some examples of staple merchandise
categories include most categories sold in
super markets, white paint, copy paper, and
basic casual apparel such as T-shirts
46
47. Fashion merchandise categories
Fashion merchandise categories are in
demand only for a relatively short period of
time.
47
48. New products are continually introduced into
these categories, making the existing products
obsolete.
48
49. In some cases, the basic product does not
change, but the colors and styles change to
reflect what is hot that season.
49
50. Example
Some examples of fashion merchandise
categories are athletic shoes, tablets, smart
phones, and womens apparel.
50
51. Forecasting the sales for fashion merchandise
categories is much more challenging than
doing so for staple categories.
51
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