Rocks! (1)
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Rocks are composed of different minerals and there are three main types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from solidified magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments and may include sandstone, shale, and limestone. Metamorphic rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks that were changed by heat and pressure in the Earth's crust, such as limestone metamorphosing into marble or shale into slate.
Rocks! (1)
- 1. Rocks!Rocks!
- 2. The Earths CrustThe Earths Crust
- 3. RocksRocks All the rocks you see around you areAll the rocks you see around you are made up of different mineralsmade up of different minerals Imagine a rock is a chocolate chip cookie,Imagine a rock is a chocolate chip cookie, what does the cookie contain?what does the cookie contain? Flour, butter, sugar, chocolate chipsFlour, butter, sugar, chocolate chips A rock contains different ingredients, theyA rock contains different ingredients, they are called minerals. There are about 3000are called minerals. There are about 3000 minerals in the world.minerals in the world.
- 4. 3 Types of Rocks3 Types of Rocks There are 3 main types of rocksThere are 3 main types of rocks IgneousIgneous SedimentarySedimentary MetamorphicMetamorphic
- 5. Igneous RocksIgneous Rocks Igneous means made from fire or heat.Igneous means made from fire or heat. When volcanoes erupt and the liquid rockWhen volcanoes erupt and the liquid rock comes up to the earth's surface, then newcomes up to the earth's surface, then new igneous rock is made.igneous rock is made. When the rock is liquid & inside theWhen the rock is liquid & inside the earth, it is called magma.earth, it is called magma. When the magma gets hard inside theWhen the magma gets hard inside the crust, it turns into granite.crust, it turns into granite. Most mountains are made of granite. ItMost mountains are made of granite. It cools very slowly and is very hardcools very slowly and is very hard..
- 8. Sedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks Mountains are made of rockMountains are made of rock Weather can make the mountain rockWeather can make the mountain rock crumblecrumble These little bits of rock fall into rivers andThese little bits of rock fall into rivers and streams and rest on the riverbedstreams and rest on the riverbed
- 10. Sandstone Shale
- 11. Sedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks Limestone is a type ofLimestone is a type of sedimentary rocksedimentary rock The EgyptianThe Egyptian pyramids were madepyramids were made using limestone.using limestone.
- 12. Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks are ones that haveMetamorphic rocks are ones that have changed.changed. Meta and morph both mean change inMeta and morph both mean change in GreekGreek All metamorphic rocks would once haveAll metamorphic rocks would once have been igneous or sedimentary.been igneous or sedimentary. What do you think made them change?What do you think made them change?
- 14. Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks Squeeze your hands together as tightly asSqueeze your hands together as tightly as you can.you can. What do you notice?What do you notice? Your hands will start to get warm and youYour hands will start to get warm and you will feel pressure. This is a bit like thewill feel pressure. This is a bit like the Earths crust pressing its rocks. The heatEarths crust pressing its rocks. The heat and pressure changes them into aand pressure changes them into a different type of rock.different type of rock.
- 16. Slate is another metamorphic rock, formed from shale. It is used to roof houses because it forms in thin layers.
- 17. Rocks and their usesRocks and their uses Rocks are very useful, can you think whatRocks are very useful, can you think what they are used for?they are used for? Fireplaces, roofs, worktops, tables, walls,Fireplaces, roofs, worktops, tables, walls, sharpening knives, headstones,sharpening knives, headstones, ornaments, pathways, jewellery, drawing,ornaments, pathways, jewellery, drawing, scrubbing feet!scrubbing feet! What are the properties of rocks?What are the properties of rocks? Do they all have the same properties?Do they all have the same properties?
- 18. Beautiful Rocks!Beautiful Rocks! People like to wear rocks as jewellery andPeople like to wear rocks as jewellery and decorate their homes with rocks.decorate their homes with rocks. Can you think of examples of these rocks?Can you think of examples of these rocks?
- 21. Other words for RocksOther words for Rocks We sometimes call rocks pebbles, boulders,We sometimes call rocks pebbles, boulders, stones, crystals or gemstones.stones, crystals or gemstones. A boulder is a large rockA boulder is a large rock A pebble is a small rock that has been roundedA pebble is a small rock that has been rounded by wind or water.by wind or water. Stones are larger than pebbles.Stones are larger than pebbles. Crystals and gemstones are rocks made of justCrystals and gemstones are rocks made of just one mineral. E.g a diamond is made of carbon.one mineral. E.g a diamond is made of carbon.
Editor's Notes
- #3: The whole earth is made of rocks & minerals. Inside the earth there is a liquid core of molten rock and on the outside there is a hard crust. If you compare the earth to an egg, the shell on an egg is like the crust on the earth. The crust is made up of rocks and minerals. Much of the crust is covered by water, sand, soil and ice. If you dig deep enough, you will always hit rocks
- #10: Think of the fragments of rock as pieces of paper, a few sheets of paper wouldnt make any weight difference, but a big stack of yellow pages would soon weigh heavily. Eventually the weight of the rocks forms sedimentary rocks (over millions of years)
- #11: Sandstone and shale are two examples of sedimentary rocks, they are both soft rocks. Many sedimentary rocks contain the fossilised remains of plants and animals which have fallen onto the river bed after dying. They then become mixed with the layers of rock, forming sedimentary rocks over time.
- #14: The Earths crust is made up of lots of plates which are moving, when they move rapidly they can cause earthquakes. Metamorphic rocks are formed by changes in the Earths crust.
- #16: The fireplace is made of marble.
- #18: Allow children to discuss their ideas with talking partner/table group. Introduce terms permeable/impermeable. Hard/soft, rough/smooth, can be scratched, cant be scratched.