Slavery and spirituals
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The document summarizes divisions between the North and South prior to the Civil War, including differences in economies and views on slavery. It discusses the origins and growth of slavery in the United States, as well as laws and events that increased tensions such as the Fugitive Slave Act. Spirituals sung by enslaved Africans contained coded references to escaping slavery and religious messages of freedom and hope.
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Slavery in the Antebellum South heavily restricted the lives and culture of slaves. They were not allowed to read, write, or legally marry. Families were often separated through sale. Slaves communicated through oral storytelling and songs, which often used symbols, allegories, and metaphors to criticize slavery and whites in hidden ways. Stories were passed down through oral tradition to convey both direct and indirect messages about the brutality of slavery and hypocrisy of white masters and churches, while also showing how slaves occasionally found ways to subvert the system.Perspectives of the Civil War
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The document discusses several perspectives on the American Civil War, including slavery, education, music, religion, and art. It provides background on how slavery was introduced and eventually abolished, how education differed for wealthy and poor children in the North and South, the role of music in building morale among soldiers, how both sides used the Bible to justify their positions, and how art forms including photography, paintings and poetry documented and shaped understanding of the war.Music final project
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The document provides information about the Underground Railroad which was a network that helped slaves escape from the southern United States to freedom in the northern U.S. and Canada between 1800 and 1865. It describes how the system developed over time and used secret codes embedded in spirituals to communicate escape plans and routes. Key figures like Harriet Tubman and Thomas Garrett played important roles in guiding slaves to freedom. Stations along the routes provided temporary shelter as slaves traveled north, often over long distances, facing many dangers but with the hope of ultimately reaching full freedom.Group1: Narrative of the Life
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Frederick Douglass' narrative provides historical and cultural context of African Americans during the 1800s. It was a time of ignorance, hardship, and slavery for many. The document discusses Douglass' background as a slave born in Maryland in 1818 to a white father and black mother. It also mentions the religious restrictions and growing tensions around slavery during this expansion period in the United States. Multiple analyses are presented that examine Douglass' use of themes like Christianity and self-making to convey his experience with slavery and the injustices of the system.6 B. Rhythm And Blues Gospel
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The document discusses the origins and history of several genres of American music including gospel, rhythm and blues, minstrelsy, and spirituals. It notes that gospel music was influenced by blues and developed in the 1930s through the work of Thomas Dorsey who began fusing spirituals and hymns with jazz rhythms. Minstrelsy featured white performers impersonating blacks and helped popularize the banjo, influencing genres like ragtime, blues, and folk. Spirituals originated as songs slaves adapted from English hymns, adding African rhythms and styles.American Colonial and Revolutionary Music
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This document provides an overview of music in colonial America and the early United States from the 16th to early 19th centuries. It discusses the influence of Spanish missions on Native American music, the emphasis on psalmodic singing in Puritan New England, and the rise of singing schools and tunebooks like the Bay Psalm Book. It also profiles influential composers like William Billings, who published early American songbooks, and the development of musical genres like fuging tunes and anthems. Overall, the document examines how music evolved from early colonial isolation and emphasis on psalmic singing to a more diverse musical culture by the late 18th/early 19th century.Singing In My Soul Black Gospel Music In A Secular Age Jerma A Jackson
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The document provides an overview of the history and influence of African music in America. It describes how African musical styles originated thousands of years ago for different purposes and events. When Africans were brought to America as slaves, their music was initially outlawed but eventually influenced the development of new music genres like spirituals, jazz, blues, rock and roll. African musical elements like syncopation and improvisation became characteristic of widely popular American music forms today.Gospel music
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Gospel music has its roots in the spirituals sung by slaves in the 1700s. These spirituals were Christian hymns and original compositions passed down orally since few slaves could write. Singing provided resistance to the difficulties of slavery and hope of a better afterlife. In the 1930s, Thomas Dorsey popularized the term "gospel music" to describe this style. Gospel music uses choirs and harmony to provide a Christian alternative to secular music, usually featuring a soloist and responsive choir. Songs are typically slow or moderate tempo, though some are very fast "shouts." Gospel spread the message of deliverance and hope through music.The Work Song and Negro Spiritual
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The document discusses the work song and Negro spiritual genres of music that developed among enslaved Africans and African Americans. It notes that work songs were the first music created by Black Americans, founded on African principles and sung during field work. Work songs were unaccompanied and involved solo and response singing. Negro spirituals emerged from work songs but incorporated Christian references and themes of deliverance. They became more complex musically and lyrically over time. Both genres reflect the blending of African and American influences and provided an outlet of expression for the enslaved.Ad
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Slavery and spirituals
- 2. ? Division between North and South ? North: Commerce, education, banking, science, reform ? South: Plantations (cotton, sugar, rice, tobacco), slower- paced, slavery ? Biggest division = Slavery ? First African slaves in U.S. = 1619 ? Slave trade banned in 1808 ? Slave rebellions = 1820s-1830s ? Southern states made laws taking away slaves¡¯ rights
- 3. ? South- depended on slaves for cheap labor on plantations ? North- birth of abolition (protesting slavery) ? Fugitive Slave Act- 1850 ? All citizens (in free and slave states) required to help catch runaway slaves ? South supported, North opposed ? Underground Railroad = secret network of activists helping fugitive slaves reach freedom ? Disagreements finally led to Civil War
- 4. ? Folk songs of enslaved and oppressed African Americans ? Social and religious content ? Freedom, protest, slave life ? Glory of God, getting to heaven, prayers ? Plantation owners encouraged singing to boost morale ? Didn¡¯t realize the power and double meaning of songs
- 5. ? References to people, places, events of Bible ? Used these stories to represent their own situation ? Moses leading Jews out of slavery in Egypt ? Code for escaping slavery ? ¡°Follow the Drinking Gourd¡± ? Follow the Big Dipper north to freedom
- 6. ? Refrain: a word, phrase, or group of lines repeated at regular intervals ? Emphasizes the most important ideas ? Helps establish the rhythm of the song ? Call-and-response: a leader sings the verses and the rest of the group sings the refrain ? Mood: the feeling created in a reader ? Spirituals mainly focus on pain & rage caused by slavery conditions or hope for freedom & future
- 7. 1. What does the speaker desire? 2. What is the religious reference in the song? 3. Which phrase is the refrain? 4. What code/hidden messages might be in this song? Think of what ¡°sweet chariot¡± and ¡°band of angels¡± could refer to. 5. What is the mood of this spiritual?