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Social Stratification (1).pptx
- 1. Social Stratification Introduction Determinants of social stratification Meanings and forms of class system
- 2. Introduction The people in every society have different ranks as high and low. This distribution of people of a society in groups on the basis of their status is called social stratification. This distribution may be on the basis of occupation, caste, education, sources of income, prestige and political power. In this way, the whole society is divided into a few classes generally high, middle and low, called stratification.
- 3. Determinants of Social Stratification 1. Economic resources The level of income from all resources is an important indicator of ones place in society. The size of landholding in rural areas is an important measure. Those who own and cultivate their own lands having its size above subsistence level may be placed in upper calss. Those who own land below sub sistence level and cultivate others land also may be placed in middle class. Those who are tenants and those who belong to serving class like carpenter, blacksmith, cobbler, barber, washer man and others can be placed in lower class. 2. Occupations occupation is also an important indicator of startificationin every society. In Pakistan society the high class professionals are owner landlords, owner cultivators, industrialists, big and wholesale businessmen and high class government and semi-government officials. In middle class, come the small owned cultivators-cum-tenants, middle class servicemen and small partners in industrial units. In lower class all menial workers like cobbler, carpenter, black smith, washerman, peon, chowkidar, sweepers and unskilled larborers.
- 4. 3. Prestige If individual has high prestige in social life, he is regarded most respectful person. Factors: nobility of the individual Harmless person for others Free from social evils Participating generously in welfare works within community Helping the needy He is true to his words It also means he is not a liar
- 5. 4. Power Power is one of the impotant factor of social stratification on Pakistani society. Those who attain more power are given more respect in society. The political power in Pakistani society, can be gained by adopting the following charactersticks in behavior: Outspoken in general speech Free from social evils Educated at least up to a level Well off in his economic resources Interest in the solution of problems of people Rash, active, forceful, factual, truthful and honest in dealing Religious-oriented and lives
- 6. 5. Caste In Pakistani society, caste is considered and important element of stratification. Some castes are believed to be higher in status like Sayyed, Rajput, Pathan, Mughal and Taga. Some castes are generally placed in lower class like the laborers and professional castes like carpenters, barbers, ets. 6. Education The standard of education also determines a social class. The illiterate persons belong to lower class. Those who received only education up to school may be placed in middle class and those who college, university education and professional education mat be placed in upper class. Education itself is a matter of prestige.
- 7. Class karl Marx defined class as a group having more or less equal economic resources and indicating similar standard of living in a society. There are three classes in a society 1. Upper class i. Upper upper class ii. Upper middle class iii. Upper lower class 2. Middle class i. Middle upper class ii. Middle middle class iii. Middle lower class
- 8. 3. Lower class i. Lower upper class ii. Lower middle class iii. lower lower class Caste It is a permanent group having its status ascribed at birth. Its membership is unchanging. This group is hereditary. In India and Pakistan, the caste system is found. Every person attaches himself with some caste or sub-caste. In rural areas of Punjab one is recognized by ones caste only. Now in Pakistan lac of castes and sub-castes. Characterstics of Caste as a hierarchical division of society: in caste system, groups are divided in a hierarchical position on the basis of caste. Close group: in this members cannot change their caste.
- 9. Sub-culture: every caste has its own sub culture in which certain things are prescribed and mandatory to follow for members. Social control: caste has its own informal method of social control. Merits of caste: i. Intermarriage make a Biradri ii. Norms of the caste are forceful iii. Caste are mostly endogamous Demerits of caste: i. Creates ethnocentrism among its members ii. Norms of caste are so rigid iii. New elements of change are discourge within society iv. Marriage out of caste is considered violation of its norms.
- 10. Changes in Caste System Decline in respect of elders Less respect to norms Exogamy Change in custom and tradition Causes of change i. Literacy rate ii. Mass media iii. Consciousness iv. Economic progress
- 11. Difference between Class and Caste Class is flexible and caste is rigid and permanent. Class is changing and caste never changes. Class forms no Biradri while caste makes a Biradri. Class is not exogamous while caste is endogamous. Membership in a class is informal and unknown to its members, the membership in caste is ascribed at birth. Class favors social change and progress while caste opposes social change but favors only the progress which is not against its norms. Class have no norms of their own while the castes have their norms on which the Biradri system is based.