Solutions & their Properties - Gr. 7.pptx
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There are two types of mixtures: heterogeneous and homogeneous. A heterogeneous mixture contains visibly distinct components that can be separated through physical means like filtering. A homogeneous mixture appears uniform throughout and maintains a single phase. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures composed of a solvent dissolving one or more solutes. Factors like temperature, particle size, shaking, and concentration affect a solute's solubility in a solvent. Solubility is measured as the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure.
Solutions & their Properties - Gr. 7.pptx
- 1. Solutions
- 2. Mixtures Mixture: a combination of two or more substances that do not combine chemically, but remain the same individual substances; can be separated by physical means. Two types: Heterogeneous Homogeneous
- 3. Heterogeneous Mixture Hetero means different Consists of visibly different substances or phases (solid, liquid, gas) Can be separated by filtering Example:
- 4. Homogeneous Mixture Homo means the same has the same uniform appearance and composition throughout; maintain one phase (solid, liquid, gas) Commonly referred to as solutions Example:
- 5. Solution Solution: a mixture of two or more substances that is identical throughout (homogeneous) can be physically separated composed of solutes and solvents the substance being dissolved the substance that dissolves the solute Iced Tea Mix (solute) Water (solvent) Iced Tea (solution) Salt water is considered a solution. How can it be physically separated?
- 6. Solution The solvent is the largest part of the solution and the solute is the smallest part of the solution Chemistry-Borders IPC-Solutions-Borders S O L V E N T S O L U T E
- 7. Types of Solutions Gaseous solutions air = Oxygen + Nitrogen Liquid solutions drinks = mix + water Solid solutions alloys = steel, brass, etc
- 8. Concentration the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at a given temperature described as dilute if it has a low concentration of solute dissolved described as concentrated if it has a high concentration of solute dissolved
- 9. Concentration Unsaturated - has a less than the maximum concentration of solute dissolved Saturated - has the maximum concentration of solute dissolved (can see solid in bottom of solution) Supersaturated -contains more dissolved solute than normally possible (usually requires an increase in temperature followed by cooling)
- 10. Solubility the amount of solute that dissolves in a certain amount of a solvent at a given temperature and pressure to produce a saturated solution
- 11. Factors affecting solubility of solids Temperature increased temperature causes solids to dissolve faster Shaking Note: Increasing the amount of solute DOES NOT increase the rate of dissolving Shaking (agitation) causes solids to dissolve faster Smaller particles dissolve Faster because they have more surface area Particle Size
- 12. Miscible liquids can easily dissolve in one another. Immiscible liquids are not soluble in each other.
- 15. Mass Percent % by mass = mass solute x 100 mass of solution ** **Mass of solution = solute mass + solvent mass
- 16. Exercise If a solution that has a mass of 800.0 grams contains 20.0 grams of NaCl, what is the concentration using Percent by Mass?
- 17. If 10.0 grams of NaCl is dissolved in 90.0 grams of water, what is the concentration using Percent by Mass? Exercise
- 19. A solution is made by adding 2.5 mL of benzene to 80 mL of toluene. Solve for the percent by volume of benzene. Percent by volume
- 20. If 5.0 ml of alcohol is dissolved in 50.0 mL of water, what is the concentration using Percent by volume of the solute? Percent by volume
- 21. If 5.0 ml of alcohol is dissolved in 50.0 mL of water, what is the concentration using Percent by volume of the solute? Percent by volume