Manmohan Singh's first three Independence Day speeches from 2004-2006 referred more to words like economy, India, growth and reform, while his last three speeches from 2010-2012 referred more to words like corruption, planning, and less to growth. An analysis of Singh's speeches found that he spoke at greater length about corruption and planning in recent years compared to earlier speeches, and spoke less about economic growth, India, and reforms. Additionally, Singh's speeches frequently invoked and quoted past leaders like Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi, and Jawaharlal Nehru.