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1. The document discusses various input/output functions in C including printf(), scanf(), putchar(), getchar(), gets(), and puts(). It provides examples of using format specifiers like %d, %c, %s in printf and scanf. 2. Function prototypes and uses of various I/O functions are demonstrated through simple code snippets. Examples show declaring and initializing variables, performing arithmetic operations, character manipulation, string input/output and formatted output. 3. Comments explain the purpose and usage of standard input/output header file stdio.h and each I/O function discussed. Formatted output using field widths and justifications is also demonstrated.

1.
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Preprocessing Directive

#include <stdio.h>

stdio.h

preprocessing directives

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>

include)
- #include “
”

2.
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main( )
main “
”
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}
{
} main( )
void main(void)
main()

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LampangKanlayanee School

printf( )
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stdio ( standard
input output)
#include directive) stdio.h
header file)

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: printf()

printf()

intprintf (<control>, <argument list>);

printf()

(Statements)
argument list
1
(,)
control “
” 2

? 1.1
printf()

intmain( )
{ intsum=3;
printf(“ The sum is %d ”,sum);
return 0;
}

The sum is 3

? 1.2
printf() %d %u
intmain( )
{ intnum = -3, tot = 5;
printf(“num = %d tot = %u ”,num,tot);
return 0;
}

num = -3 tot = 5

1.3 printf()
%f %e 2
intmain( )
{ floatnum = 22.75;
printf(“ %.2fn%.2e ”,num,num);
return 0;
}

22.75
2.28e+01

?

printf( )
string format
““
data list ““
printf( )

? d 2
? d a

? s b

?
6
printf( ) n)

printf( )
printf( )
n)
printf( )

? : scanf()
intscanf (<control>, <argument list>);

intscanf
(<control>, <argument
list>);
scanf()
(key board)

argument list

(,)
&
control

“”

printf

? 2.1 scanf
intmain( )
{ intnum;
scanf( “ %d ”,&num);
return 0;
}

1
num

2.2 scanf
intmain( )
{ intnum; charch;
scanf( “ %c ”,&ch);
scanf( “ %d ” ,&num);
printf(“ %d %c ” ,num, ch);
return 0;
}
2
1
num
1

? : expression

var = expression ;

var = expression ;

var
Expression

? –
putchar()

putchar()

intputchar (<character>);
putchar()

(Statements)

1.4 putchar()
intmain( )
{ inta=65;
putchar(a);
putchar(?a?);
return 0;
}

Aa

2 getchar ( )
getchar ( )
1
enter

getchar ( );
getchar ( );

?3 getch ( )
getch ( )
1

enter

getch ( );

?4 getche ( )
getche ( )
1

enter

getche ( );

$? 3. – 3.1 #include <stdio.h> intmain(){ intx_value = 9; printf("x = %dn",x_value); return0; }$

? 3.2
#include <stdio.h>
intmain(){
intx,y,sum;
x = 7; y = 2;
sum = x + y;
printf("Total = %dn",sum);
return0;
}

? 3.3
#include <stdio.h>
intmain(){
int x, y;
x = 7; y = 4;
--x; ++y;
printf("x = %2dn",x);
printf("y = %6dn",y);
return0;
}

? 3.4
#include <stdio.h>
intmain(){
int profits, employees;
profits = 9; employees = 2 ;
printf("Each employee gets
%.2f", (float) profits/employees);
return0;
}

$? 3.5 include<stdio.h> intmain(){ charany_char; printf("Please type a character: "); scanf("c%",&any_char); printf("Thank you, your character are %c",any_char); return0; }$

? 3.6
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
printf("n****Using .1f****n");
printf("%.1f%.1f%.1fn", 4.0, 16.5, 589.3);
printf("%.1f%.1f%.1f", 400.0, 1600.5, 58900.3);
printf("nn****Using 8.1f****n");
printf("%8.1f%8.1f%8.1fn", 4.0, 16.5, 589.3);
printf("%8.1f%8.1f%8.1f", 400.0, 1600.5, 58900.3);
printf("%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1fn", 4.0, 16.5, 589.3);
printf("%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f", 400.0, 1600.5,
58900.3);
return 0;
}

? 3.7
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
printf("n");
printf("xC9xCDxBBn");
printf("xC8xCDxBCn");
return 0;
}

$? 3.8 #include <stdio.h> #include <ctype.h> intmain(){ charany_char; printf("Please type a lowercase letter:"); scanf("%c", &any_char); if(any_char>= 'a') printf("In uppercase: %c n", toupper(any_char)); return0; }$

? –

string
char [ n ]

put

puts string_argument ;
string_argument

?
-
word
Char word [15] = * Example * ;
-
puts
puts word ;
puts ;

? gets

enter

gets
gets ; ;

string_var = get ;

string_var = get ;

?

-
enter

gets word ;
-

-printf you name is %s
n , word ;

1. The document discusses various input/output functions in C including printf(), scanf(), putchar(), gets(), and puts(). It provides examples of using format specifiers like %d, %f, %c with printf and scanf. 2. Functions like putchar() and gets() are used to output/input single characters and strings. Examples demonstrate using gets() to accept user input and puts() to output strings. 3. The last section provides more complex examples combining multiple functions like printf(), scanf(), gets() to perform input/output operations and manipulate strings.

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A pointer is a variable that stores the address of another variable. Pointers allow variables to reference memory locations and access the values stored there. An array is a collection of variables of the same type stored contiguously in memory. Strings in C are arrays of characters terminated by a null character. Pointers can also be used to point to strings by storing the base address of the character array. Multidimensional arrays and manipulating strings are also discussed.

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2. 1. ? Preprocessing Directive #include <stdio.h> stdio.h preprocessing directives

3. ? 2 - #include < > include) - #include “ ”

4. 2. ? main( ) main “ ” { } { } main( ) void main(void) main()

6. 3. ? comment) source code 2 ?

10. Run > Run < Ctrl + F9> ) LampangKanlayanee School printf( ) String) ;) stdio ( standard input output) #include directive) stdio.h header file)

11. ? : printf() printf() intprintf (<control>, <argument list>);

12. printf() (Statements) argument list 1 (,) control “ ” 2

13. ? %c %s % d % u % f % e e %x %o

14. ? 1.1 printf() intmain( ) { intsum=3; printf(“ The sum is %d ”,sum); return 0; } The sum is 3

15. ? 1.2 printf() %d %u intmain( ) { intnum = -3, tot = 5; printf(“num = %d tot = %u ”,num,tot); return 0; } num = -3 tot = 5

16. 1.3 printf() %f %e 2 intmain( ) { floatnum = 22.75; printf(“ %.2fn%.2e ”,num,num); return 0; } 22.75 2.28e+01

17. ? printf ( ) printf( ) print format

18. ? %d %u %f %c 1 %s 1

19. ? n t tab 8 a Backslash

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21. 5 + 5 = 10 printf( ) string format

22. Hello word 3 2 data list

24. ? printf( ) string format ““ data list ““ printf( ) ? d 2 ? d a ? s b

25. ? f) printf( ) f

27. ? 6 printf( ) n) printf( ) printf( ) n) printf( )

28. ? : scanf() intscanf (<control>, <argument list>); intscanf (<control>, <argument list>); scanf() (key board)

29. argument list (,) & control “” printf

30. ? 2.1 scanf intmain( ) { intnum; scanf( “ %d ”,&num); return 0; } 1 num

31. 2.2 scanf intmain( ) { intnum; charch; scanf( “ %c ”,&ch); scanf( “ %d ” ,&num); printf(“ %d %c ” ,num, ch); return 0; } 2 1 num 1

32. ? : expression var = expression ; var = expression ; var Expression

33. ? : expression var = expression ; var = expression ; var Expression

34. ? sum = a b ; a b sum

37. ? – putchar() putchar() intputchar (<character>); putchar() (Statements)

38. 1.4 putchar() intmain( ) { inta=65; putchar(a); putchar(?a?); return 0; } Aa

39. 2 getchar ( ) getchar ( ) 1 enter getchar ( ); getchar ( );

42. ?3 getch ( ) getch ( ) 1 enter getch ( );

45. ?4 getche ( ) getche ( ) 1 enter getche ( );

48. ? 3. – 3.1 #include <stdio.h> intmain(){ intx_value = 9; printf("x = %dn",x_value); return0; }

49. ? 3.2 #include <stdio.h> intmain(){ intx,y,sum; x = 7; y = 2; sum = x + y; printf("Total = %dn",sum); return0; }

50. ? 3.3 #include <stdio.h> intmain(){ int x, y; x = 7; y = 4; --x; ++y; printf("x = %2dn",x); printf("y = %6dn",y); return0; }

51. ? 3.4 #include <stdio.h> intmain(){ int profits, employees; profits = 9; employees = 2 ; printf("Each employee gets %.2f", (float) profits/employees); return0; }

52. ? 3.5 include<stdio.h> intmain(){ charany_char; printf("Please type a character: "); scanf("c%",&any_char); printf("Thank you, your character are %c",any_char); return0; }

53. ? 3.6 #include <stdio.h> int main(){ printf("n****Using .1f****n"); printf("%.1f%.1f%.1fn", 4.0, 16.5, 589.3); printf("%.1f%.1f%.1f", 400.0, 1600.5, 58900.3); printf("nn****Using 8.1f****n"); printf("%8.1f%8.1f%8.1fn", 4.0, 16.5, 589.3); printf("%8.1f%8.1f%8.1f", 400.0, 1600.5, 58900.3); printf("%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1fn", 4.0, 16.5, 589.3); printf("%-8.1f%-8.1f%-8.1f", 400.0, 1600.5, 58900.3); return 0; }

54. ? 3.7 #include <stdio.h> int main(){ printf("n"); printf("xC9xCDxBBn"); printf("xC8xCDxBCn"); return 0; }

55. ? 3.8 #include <stdio.h> #include <ctype.h> intmain(){ charany_char; printf("Please type a lowercase letter:"); scanf("%c", &any_char); if(any_char>= 'a') printf("In uppercase: %c n", toupper(any_char)); return0; }

56. ? – string char [ n ] put puts string_argument ; string_argument

59. ? - word Char word [15] = * Example * ; - puts puts word ; puts ;

60. ? gets enter gets gets ; ; string_var = get ; string_var = get ;

63. ? - enter gets word ; - -printf you name is %s n , word ;

64. ?

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