multi stage pumpjaimin kemkarin industries like iron and glass the fluid for hydraulic machines are delivered by multistage pumps. this is the basic introduction for clearing the concept of multi stage pumps.
BASIC PARTS OF STEAM TURBINESONAM PALJORIn this presentation study on the basic parts of the steam turbine as following turbine casting, turbine rotors, turbine blades, shrouds, turbine bearing device, turbine seals, turbine couplings, governor and lubrication system.
TurbinesKaran PatelTurbines can be classified in several ways:
- By head and quantity of water as high, medium, or low head turbines
- By hydraulic action as impulse or reaction turbines
- By direction of water flow in the runner as tangential, radial, axial, or mixed flow
- By specific speed which is defined for Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan turbines
- By disposition of the shaft as horizontal for Pelton and vertical for others
Types of turbineAkshay JadhavA turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fast moving flow of water, steam, gas, air, or other fluid and converts it into useful work. Also a turbine is a turbo-machine with at least one moving part called a rotor assembly, which is a shaft or drum with blades attached. Moving fluid acts on the blades so that they move and impart rotational energy to the rotor. According to the fluid used:
• Water Turbine
• Steam Turbine
• Gas Turbine
• Wind Turbine
Although the same principles apply to all turbines, their specific designs differ sufficiently to merit separate descriptions.
Working Principle Water Turbine
• When the fluid strikes the blades of the turbine, the blades are displaced, which produces rotational energy.
• When the turbine shaft is directly coupled to an electric generator mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.
• This electrical power is known as hydroelectric power.
In a hydraulic turbine, water is used as the source of energy. Water or hydraulic turbines convert kinetic and potential energies of the water into mechanical power. Water turbines are mostly found in dams to generate electric power from water kinetic energy.
Classification
Based on hydraulic action of water
Based on direction of flow
Based on head of water and quantity of flow
Based on specific speed
Based on disposition of turbine shaft
Based on name of originator (commonly used turbines)
Basics of pump Hammad AkberThis Presentation is about working principle of Pumps.Basic Presentation regarding pumps , will definitely help beginners to learn pump types , their working , their parts etc.
Pumps and Types of Pump- Fluid Mechanics WAQAR AHMED TUNIOPumps are used to transport liquids from one place to another by increasing the energy in the fluid. They are essential in chemical industries for transferring liquids and gases between locations and vessels. Pumps can be classified as either positive displacement pumps or dynamic pumps like centrifugal pumps. Positive displacement pumps maintain a constant flow rate regardless of pressure by trapping a fixed volume of fluid in a chamber and forcing it out. Centrifugal pumps use an impeller to increase pressure and push fluid out, with flow rates varying based on inlet pressure. Each pump type has advantages for different applications depending on factors like viscosity, pressure needs, and whether lift is required.
Pump installation and Maintenance.pdfhuzaifaali22The document provides information on pump types, components, operation, and installation. It defines a pump as a mechanical device that transfers fluid from one point to another. Two main categories of pumps are described: positive displacement pumps that have a fixed volume and centrifugal pumps with a variable flow/pressure relationship. The document outlines the components and operation of common pump types like reciprocating, rotary, and centrifugal pumps. It also discusses selecting a pump based on system requirements, installing the pump properly, and connecting piping and valves.
Hydraulic MotorsDhrumit PatelHydraulic motors convert hydraulic pressure and flow into rotational torque and motion. There are several types of hydraulic motors including gear motors, vane motors, piston motors, and gerotor motors. Gear motors and vane motors are commonly used in simple rotating systems due to their low cost and ability to achieve high rpm. Vane motors work by using fluid pressure on vanes within an eccentric housing to cause rotation, with vane tip design being important for sealing and wear reduction.
PPT ON AIR VESSEL.pptxKANPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANPURThis document discusses air vessels used in reciprocating pumps. It explains that an air vessel contains compressed air at the top and liquid at the bottom, with an opening for liquid to flow in and out. Air vessels are used to provide continuous, uniform liquid flow and reduce work in pump pipes. They act as an intermediate reservoir, storing excess liquid from the pump cylinder during acceleration phases and supplying liquid during retardation phases, keeping flow velocity constant. This allows the pump to run at high speeds without separation issues.
Hydraulic TurbinesMalla Reddy University1. The document discusses various topics related to hydraulic turbines including their classification, selection, design principles of Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines, draft tubes, surge tanks, governing, unit quantities, characteristic curves, similitude analysis and cavitation.
2. Hydraulic turbines are classified based on the type of energy at the inlet, direction of flow through the runner, head at the inlet, and specific speed. Pelton wheels are impulse turbines suitable for high heads while Francis and Kaplan turbines are reaction turbines for lower heads.
3. The design of each turbine type involves guidelines related to jet ratio, speed ratio, velocities, discharge, power and efficiency calculations. Characteristic curves show the performance of a
Francis Turbine Muhammad ZubairThe Francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine with radial discharge at the outlet. It is a mixed-flow turbine where water enters the runner radially and exits axially. Francis turbines are used in applications with medium head between 45-250 meters. They have medium specific speeds between 50-250 and a vertically oriented shaft. Francis turbines are widely used worldwide due to their high efficiencies between 80-94%. However, they also have high costs due to their complex design and cavitation can be an issue.
Chapter 3 centrifugal compNovak DjokovichA centrifugal compressor operates by using a rotating impeller to impart kinetic energy to a fluid and increase its pressure. It has three main components: an impeller, diffuser, and volute casing. The impeller accelerates the fluid radially outward via centrifugal force. The diffuser converts the fluid's kinetic energy to pressure. Common types of impellers include backward-curved, forward-curved, and radial blades. Performance is affected by factors like impeller shape, slip factor, choking, and pressure ratio. Characteristic curves show the compressor's operating range in terms of pressure ratio and relative flow.
Steam TurbinesHrishikesh DevanA steam turbine works by transforming the potential energy of steam into kinetic energy and then into rotational mechanical energy. Steam turbines are commonly used for power generation and transport. There are two main types: impulse turbines, where steam pressure remains constant as it strikes and spins turbine blades, and reaction turbines, where steam expands and loses pressure both in nozzles and on moving blades. Impulse turbines generally have higher speeds but reaction turbines are more efficient.
Hydraulic PumpsABEESH KIRAN APumps are mechanical devices that use prime mover energy to move fluids from one place to another. Positive displacement pumps apply pressure directly to the liquid using reciprocating or rotating components. The main types of positive displacement pumps are reciprocating pumps like piston pumps and diaphragm pumps, and rotary pumps like gear pumps. Reciprocating piston pumps use oscillating pistons to move fluid, and can be single or multi-cylinder designs. Axial and radial piston pumps use rotating cylinders to pump fluid. Diaphragm pumps use a reciprocating rubber diaphragm and check valves to pump fluid on each stroke. Positive displacement pumps are suitable for high-pressure applications and handling viscous or abrasive fluids.
Variable speed hydraulic drivemitravanu mishraThe document discusses fluid couplings, which transmit power through a fluid between a driven impeller and rotor. Fluid couplings allow variable speed operation and controlled startups. Specifically, it discusses Voith variable speed turbo couplings, which can vary their oil filling level using a scoop tube to achieve infinitely variable speed control over a wide range. The scoop tube positioning determines the oil level and coupling's torque characteristics. An oil pump circulates oil through the coupling to enable this speed control function.
CI engine combustion stages and combustion chamber designINDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Delhi The document discusses the key stages of combustion in a compression ignition (CI) engine:
1. Ignition delay period where fuel does not ignite immediately upon injection.
2. Uncontrolled combustion period of rapid, steep pressure rise as accumulated fuel burns.
3. Controlled combustion period where further pressure rise is controlled by injection rate.
4. Afterburning period where unburnt fuel particles continue burning with oxygen.
It also examines factors affecting the ignition delay period like compression ratio, injection timing, and fuel quality. Knocking in a CI engine can occur if the ignition delay is too long, causing excess fuel accumulation and an abrupt pressure spike.
Draft tubes merits and demeritsPraveen Kumaruse of draft tubes and its need,function, working, types of draft tubes, types of flow, advantages &disadvantage
hydraulics introductionillpaHydraulics is the study of fluids at rest or in motion, especially regarding engineering applications. Hydraulic systems use pressurized fluids to gain mechanical advantage and perform work. Basic hydraulic systems include a hydraulic pump to pressurize fluid, a hydraulic motor or cylinder to use the pressurized fluid to do work, and piping to transfer fluid between components. Hydraulic systems provide convenient power transfer with few moving parts and flexibility to distribute force in multiple directions for many uses.
PPT ON MULTISTAGE OF PUMP.pptxKANPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANPURThis document summarizes a lecture on multistage centrifugal pumps and model testing of centrifugal pumps. It discusses that multistage centrifugal pumps have multiple impellers connected either in series or parallel to produce high head or high discharge, respectively. It also explains that model testing of pumps is done by constructing scale models that are completely similar to the actual pumps in terms of specific speed, tangential velocity, discharge, and power in order to predict the performance of the full-sized prototype pumps.
STEAM TURBINE BASIC Nguyen Phuong DongThe document discusses steam turbines, including their basic components and operating principles. It describes the main types of steam turbines such as condensing, extraction, and reheat turbines. It also discusses the key parts like nozzles, blades, bearings, seals, monitoring systems, and control valves. The final section provides an overview of the typical start-up procedure for a steam turbine, including lubrication, turning, control system checks, and testing of valves before admitting steam.
Turbine.Saudi International Petrochemical CompanyThe document summarizes the operating principles and classifications of steam turbines. It discusses how steam turbines convert thermal energy from steam into mechanical energy by directing high velocity steam onto buckets attached to a rotating shaft. Steam turbines can be classified based on exhaust conditions, stage design, steam flow patterns, and number of stages. Condensing turbines exhaust steam to a condenser, while back pressure turbines maintain a higher exhaust pressure. Impulse turbines use nozzles to impart velocity on steam, while reaction turbines rely on expansion within buckets. Governors control steam flow to regulate turbine speed.
AN INTRODUCTION TO PUMPING EQUIPMENT Aviation Trial Corp.The document discusses different types of pumps used to transport liquids. It describes two main categories of pumps: positive displacement pumps and rotodynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps work by trapping a fixed amount of liquid and forcing it into the discharge pipe. Common types include piston pumps, gear pumps, lobe pumps, screw pumps, and vane pumps. Rotodynamic pumps have a rotating impeller that increases the velocity of the liquid and discharges it through centrifugal force. The most common type is the centrifugal pump. The document provides detailed diagrams and explanations of how various pump types like axial piston pumps, bent axis pumps, swash plate pumps, and centrifugal pumps operate.
Pumps and Types of Pump- Fluid Mechanics WAQAR AHMED TUNIOPumps are used to transport liquids from one place to another by increasing the energy in the fluid. They are essential in chemical industries for transferring liquids and gases between locations and vessels. Pumps can be classified as either positive displacement pumps or dynamic pumps like centrifugal pumps. Positive displacement pumps maintain a constant flow rate regardless of pressure by trapping a fixed volume of fluid in a chamber and forcing it out. Centrifugal pumps use an impeller to increase pressure and push fluid out, with flow rates varying based on inlet pressure. Each pump type has advantages for different applications depending on factors like viscosity, pressure needs, and whether lift is required.
Pump installation and Maintenance.pdfhuzaifaali22The document provides information on pump types, components, operation, and installation. It defines a pump as a mechanical device that transfers fluid from one point to another. Two main categories of pumps are described: positive displacement pumps that have a fixed volume and centrifugal pumps with a variable flow/pressure relationship. The document outlines the components and operation of common pump types like reciprocating, rotary, and centrifugal pumps. It also discusses selecting a pump based on system requirements, installing the pump properly, and connecting piping and valves.
Hydraulic MotorsDhrumit PatelHydraulic motors convert hydraulic pressure and flow into rotational torque and motion. There are several types of hydraulic motors including gear motors, vane motors, piston motors, and gerotor motors. Gear motors and vane motors are commonly used in simple rotating systems due to their low cost and ability to achieve high rpm. Vane motors work by using fluid pressure on vanes within an eccentric housing to cause rotation, with vane tip design being important for sealing and wear reduction.
PPT ON AIR VESSEL.pptxKANPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANPURThis document discusses air vessels used in reciprocating pumps. It explains that an air vessel contains compressed air at the top and liquid at the bottom, with an opening for liquid to flow in and out. Air vessels are used to provide continuous, uniform liquid flow and reduce work in pump pipes. They act as an intermediate reservoir, storing excess liquid from the pump cylinder during acceleration phases and supplying liquid during retardation phases, keeping flow velocity constant. This allows the pump to run at high speeds without separation issues.
Hydraulic TurbinesMalla Reddy University1. The document discusses various topics related to hydraulic turbines including their classification, selection, design principles of Pelton, Francis and Kaplan turbines, draft tubes, surge tanks, governing, unit quantities, characteristic curves, similitude analysis and cavitation.
2. Hydraulic turbines are classified based on the type of energy at the inlet, direction of flow through the runner, head at the inlet, and specific speed. Pelton wheels are impulse turbines suitable for high heads while Francis and Kaplan turbines are reaction turbines for lower heads.
3. The design of each turbine type involves guidelines related to jet ratio, speed ratio, velocities, discharge, power and efficiency calculations. Characteristic curves show the performance of a
Francis Turbine Muhammad ZubairThe Francis turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine with radial discharge at the outlet. It is a mixed-flow turbine where water enters the runner radially and exits axially. Francis turbines are used in applications with medium head between 45-250 meters. They have medium specific speeds between 50-250 and a vertically oriented shaft. Francis turbines are widely used worldwide due to their high efficiencies between 80-94%. However, they also have high costs due to their complex design and cavitation can be an issue.
Chapter 3 centrifugal compNovak DjokovichA centrifugal compressor operates by using a rotating impeller to impart kinetic energy to a fluid and increase its pressure. It has three main components: an impeller, diffuser, and volute casing. The impeller accelerates the fluid radially outward via centrifugal force. The diffuser converts the fluid's kinetic energy to pressure. Common types of impellers include backward-curved, forward-curved, and radial blades. Performance is affected by factors like impeller shape, slip factor, choking, and pressure ratio. Characteristic curves show the compressor's operating range in terms of pressure ratio and relative flow.
Steam TurbinesHrishikesh DevanA steam turbine works by transforming the potential energy of steam into kinetic energy and then into rotational mechanical energy. Steam turbines are commonly used for power generation and transport. There are two main types: impulse turbines, where steam pressure remains constant as it strikes and spins turbine blades, and reaction turbines, where steam expands and loses pressure both in nozzles and on moving blades. Impulse turbines generally have higher speeds but reaction turbines are more efficient.
Hydraulic PumpsABEESH KIRAN APumps are mechanical devices that use prime mover energy to move fluids from one place to another. Positive displacement pumps apply pressure directly to the liquid using reciprocating or rotating components. The main types of positive displacement pumps are reciprocating pumps like piston pumps and diaphragm pumps, and rotary pumps like gear pumps. Reciprocating piston pumps use oscillating pistons to move fluid, and can be single or multi-cylinder designs. Axial and radial piston pumps use rotating cylinders to pump fluid. Diaphragm pumps use a reciprocating rubber diaphragm and check valves to pump fluid on each stroke. Positive displacement pumps are suitable for high-pressure applications and handling viscous or abrasive fluids.
Variable speed hydraulic drivemitravanu mishraThe document discusses fluid couplings, which transmit power through a fluid between a driven impeller and rotor. Fluid couplings allow variable speed operation and controlled startups. Specifically, it discusses Voith variable speed turbo couplings, which can vary their oil filling level using a scoop tube to achieve infinitely variable speed control over a wide range. The scoop tube positioning determines the oil level and coupling's torque characteristics. An oil pump circulates oil through the coupling to enable this speed control function.
CI engine combustion stages and combustion chamber designINDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Delhi The document discusses the key stages of combustion in a compression ignition (CI) engine:
1. Ignition delay period where fuel does not ignite immediately upon injection.
2. Uncontrolled combustion period of rapid, steep pressure rise as accumulated fuel burns.
3. Controlled combustion period where further pressure rise is controlled by injection rate.
4. Afterburning period where unburnt fuel particles continue burning with oxygen.
It also examines factors affecting the ignition delay period like compression ratio, injection timing, and fuel quality. Knocking in a CI engine can occur if the ignition delay is too long, causing excess fuel accumulation and an abrupt pressure spike.
Draft tubes merits and demeritsPraveen Kumaruse of draft tubes and its need,function, working, types of draft tubes, types of flow, advantages &disadvantage
hydraulics introductionillpaHydraulics is the study of fluids at rest or in motion, especially regarding engineering applications. Hydraulic systems use pressurized fluids to gain mechanical advantage and perform work. Basic hydraulic systems include a hydraulic pump to pressurize fluid, a hydraulic motor or cylinder to use the pressurized fluid to do work, and piping to transfer fluid between components. Hydraulic systems provide convenient power transfer with few moving parts and flexibility to distribute force in multiple directions for many uses.
PPT ON MULTISTAGE OF PUMP.pptxKANPUR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KANPURThis document summarizes a lecture on multistage centrifugal pumps and model testing of centrifugal pumps. It discusses that multistage centrifugal pumps have multiple impellers connected either in series or parallel to produce high head or high discharge, respectively. It also explains that model testing of pumps is done by constructing scale models that are completely similar to the actual pumps in terms of specific speed, tangential velocity, discharge, and power in order to predict the performance of the full-sized prototype pumps.
STEAM TURBINE BASIC Nguyen Phuong DongThe document discusses steam turbines, including their basic components and operating principles. It describes the main types of steam turbines such as condensing, extraction, and reheat turbines. It also discusses the key parts like nozzles, blades, bearings, seals, monitoring systems, and control valves. The final section provides an overview of the typical start-up procedure for a steam turbine, including lubrication, turning, control system checks, and testing of valves before admitting steam.
Turbine.Saudi International Petrochemical CompanyThe document summarizes the operating principles and classifications of steam turbines. It discusses how steam turbines convert thermal energy from steam into mechanical energy by directing high velocity steam onto buckets attached to a rotating shaft. Steam turbines can be classified based on exhaust conditions, stage design, steam flow patterns, and number of stages. Condensing turbines exhaust steam to a condenser, while back pressure turbines maintain a higher exhaust pressure. Impulse turbines use nozzles to impart velocity on steam, while reaction turbines rely on expansion within buckets. Governors control steam flow to regulate turbine speed.
AN INTRODUCTION TO PUMPING EQUIPMENT Aviation Trial Corp.The document discusses different types of pumps used to transport liquids. It describes two main categories of pumps: positive displacement pumps and rotodynamic pumps. Positive displacement pumps work by trapping a fixed amount of liquid and forcing it into the discharge pipe. Common types include piston pumps, gear pumps, lobe pumps, screw pumps, and vane pumps. Rotodynamic pumps have a rotating impeller that increases the velocity of the liquid and discharges it through centrifugal force. The most common type is the centrifugal pump. The document provides detailed diagrams and explanations of how various pump types like axial piston pumps, bent axis pumps, swash plate pumps, and centrifugal pumps operate.