The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system. It has four chambers - two upper atria and two lower ventricles. The right side receives deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs, while the left side receives oxygenated blood and pumps it out to the body. Valves prevent backflow between chambers. The heart is surrounded by membranes and layers including the pericardium. It is located in the chest cavity and has distinct surfaces and structures that allow it to efficiently circulate blood throughout the body.
The document discusses coronary circulation and coronary artery disease. It begins by describing the anatomy of the coronary blood vessels and the blood supply to the heart. It then discusses characteristics of coronary blood flow such as autoregulation and factors that regulate it like metabolites and nervous control. Measurement techniques for coronary blood flow are also outlined. The document concludes by describing coronary artery disease conditions like angina and myocardial infarction as well as treatments.
Unit-III, Chapter-1- Respiratory System.pptAudumbar Mali
?
B. Pharm. First Year, Sem:II,
Unit III
? Respiratory system 10 hours
Anatomy of respiratory system with special reference to anatomy of lungs,
mechanism of respiration, regulation of respiration
Lung Volumes and capacities transport of respiratory gases, artificial respiration,
and resuscitation methods.
Cardiac output is a measurement of the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. It is calculated by multiplying stroke volume, the amount of blood pumped per heart beat, by heart rate. A normal cardiac output in adults is around 5 liters per minute. Cardiac output can be affected by factors like heart rate, stroke volume, venous return, peripheral resistance, and the force of heart contraction. Maximum cardiac output during exercise can increase up to 7-8 times resting levels through increased heart rate and stroke volume.
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located retroperitoneally in the abdomen on either side of the spine. Each kidney is approximately 11cm long, 6cm wide, and 3cm thick. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. Internally, each kidney contains an outer cortical layer and inner medullary pyramids separated by renal columns. Blood enters via the renal artery and drains via the renal vein, while urine exits through the ureter. The kidneys are surrounded by protective layers including the renal capsule, adipose capsule, and renal fascia. Coronavirus can directly damage the kidneys by binding to ACE2 receptors found in renal cells.
Heart failure is the inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the needs of tissues. It results in fluid overload and poor tissue perfusion. It has multiple causes including reduced contractility, valve disorders, coronary artery disease, and hypertension. Symptoms vary between acute pulmonary edema with respiratory distress, and chronic fatigue and edema. Treatment involves reducing preload and afterload through medications like ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers, vasodilators, and diuretics.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which is stored in the bladder and expelled from the body through the urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons, which are the functional filtering units that produce urine in a three step process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. Urine production and composition are regulated by hormones like renin, angiotensin, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone.
The document promotes CopyAI, an AI tool that generates original written content for businesses. It claims CopyAI can quickly create content like product descriptions, social media posts, and website copy. Users provide basic details about their business and CopyAI returns AI-generated content in seconds, saving time spent writing content manually. The document highlights CopyAI's powerful tools, backing by entrepreneurs, and ability to harness powerful AI to write content at scale.
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21 essential tactics for building and marketing a killer websiteAffiliate marketing
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This document provides an overview of essential tactics for building and marketing a successful website. It discusses 7 key secrets to consider when planning a website, including thorough planning, being realistic about business goals and capabilities, clearly understanding value and target customers, structuring content around desired actions, focusing on relevant keywords, and leveraging an authentic personal brand. It also outlines 7 common mistakes to avoid in web design, such as prioritizing logo over brand, copying other site designs, focusing more on design than content, including unnecessary information, chasing perfection, and overloading the site. The overall message is to plan effectively, understand the business and goals, and create a simple, focused site that clearly communicates value to the target audience.
This document provides guidance on developing an authoritative online presence and business by focusing on the "7 Universal Pillars" of attracting massive authority. The pillars are: 1) Master Your Message, 2) Engage & Inspire With Your Brand, 3) Structure Your Content to Sell, 4) Supercharge Your Website to Get Results, 5) Activate Your Marketing Machine, 6) Grow Your Influence Through Partners, 7) Explode Your Impact. The document provides an overview of each pillar and why it is important, with pointers to specific sections that provide exercises and strategies for developing each pillar and tying them together into a comprehensive system focused on daily activities that will make the reader the #1 authority in their field
Niuchangchih (Antrodia camphorata) and its potential in treating liver diseasesAffiliate marketing
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This review article discusses the medicinal mushroom Niuchangchih (Antrodia camphorata), which has traditionally been used in Taiwan to treat liver diseases. The article summarizes that Niuchangchih contains various compounds like polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and steroids. Recent research shows that Niuchangchih has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Specifically, Niuchangchih can prevent liver injury from ethanol, CCl4, and cytokines, inhibit hepatitis B virus replication, ameliorate fatty liver and liver fibrosis, and inhibit liver cancer cells. The mechanisms of these effects are also discussed.
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21 essential tactics for building and marketing a killer websiteAffiliate marketing
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This document provides an overview of essential tactics for building and marketing a successful website. It discusses 7 key secrets to consider when planning a website, including thorough planning, being realistic about business goals and capabilities, clearly understanding value and target customers, structuring content around desired actions, focusing on relevant keywords, and leveraging an authentic personal brand. It also outlines 7 common mistakes to avoid in web design, such as prioritizing logo over brand, copying other site designs, focusing more on design than content, including unnecessary information, chasing perfection, and overloading the site. The overall message is to plan effectively, understand the business and goals, and create a simple, focused site that clearly communicates value to the target audience.
This document provides guidance on developing an authoritative online presence and business by focusing on the "7 Universal Pillars" of attracting massive authority. The pillars are: 1) Master Your Message, 2) Engage & Inspire With Your Brand, 3) Structure Your Content to Sell, 4) Supercharge Your Website to Get Results, 5) Activate Your Marketing Machine, 6) Grow Your Influence Through Partners, 7) Explode Your Impact. The document provides an overview of each pillar and why it is important, with pointers to specific sections that provide exercises and strategies for developing each pillar and tying them together into a comprehensive system focused on daily activities that will make the reader the #1 authority in their field
Niuchangchih (Antrodia camphorata) and its potential in treating liver diseasesAffiliate marketing
?
This review article discusses the medicinal mushroom Niuchangchih (Antrodia camphorata), which has traditionally been used in Taiwan to treat liver diseases. The article summarizes that Niuchangchih contains various compounds like polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and steroids. Recent research shows that Niuchangchih has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Specifically, Niuchangchih can prevent liver injury from ethanol, CCl4, and cytokines, inhibit hepatitis B virus replication, ameliorate fatty liver and liver fibrosis, and inhibit liver cancer cells. The mechanisms of these effects are also discussed.
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14. In nature there are two distinct energy patterns –
Hertzian Wave
and Standing Columnar Wave.
The Hertzian Wave operates the physical body, while the
Standing Columnar Wave constitutes the subtle bodies.
The Vital Force is a combination of these two energy
patterns acting in conjunction with each other.
自然界的波可分兩種:橫波與駐波,橫波就是物質世界的
波,駐波就是伴隨粒子的精微物質波,尺度在蒲郎克尺度以下
20. 由
量
向
物
橫
子
駐
理
波
眼
凝
光
聚
下
成
的
物
質
:
駐
形
球
圓
波
Here there is only one plane, and this leads to a half wavelength central
core. However, more waves coming from many directions would
produce a full wavelength core instead. Just a few waves can produce a
spherical standing wave system. Then this system completes itself, and it
can be stable because it is amplified by aether waves.
22. 由
量
狀
物
球
子
駐
理
波
眼
凝
光
聚
下
成
的
物
質
電
點
子
:
物質波:量子波場域化
潛在的秩序
物質點:
濃縮的能量
(condensatio
n of energy)
量子波區域
化
The electron's properties are well known. The list is astounding. It is so small
that it has no apparent dimension. Its electrostatic charge is negative. There is
also a positive antiparticle, the positron, which exhibits exactly the same
properties except for the opposite charge. Its wave properties are now a well
admitted fact. It can accelerate, slow down and change its direction. It can act
and react as a result of an apparent contact, but also at a distance.
23. 物理學家博姆說:一個
杯子不是物質的組合而
是由不斷閃進閃出的量
子點所形成
"Einstein showed us that electrons exist in a constantly changing state of
uncertainty. Even in the vacuum of space on the quantum level, energy is
randomly turning into matter and back to energy. There are electrons and other
particles that blink out of existence, while others randomly pop into existence.
This constant fluctuation creates a sort of quantum foam of residual energy,
which is dispersed fairly evenly throughout the universe. The residual energy of
this interaction is called Zero Point Energy. There is enough Zero Point Energy
in an empty cup of space, to boil away the Earth’oceans."
s
24. The electron is made of spherical standing waves which are
superimposed on outgoing traveling waves whose amplitude is nil at the
center. The result is not well known as partially standing waves. I made
the animation below in order to show that standing waves can slowly
transform into traveling waves, with a transitional partially standing
wave state between them :
27. 古典物理眼中的電子是粒子
The image is not of an atom, but shows an
alternative electron corral pattern,
predicted by the Schr?dinger wave
equation and created by electrons in
experiment:
29. we try adding together several pure sine waves of different wavelengths to form a
resultant wave. ("Resultant" just means it is the result of adding the pure sine
waves.) 波與波之間的交互作用會導致波形產生變化,
也因此產生了自然界中的不同型態的組合,
多變化的物質也因此產生。所以物質是波的顯現,
而波則是物質的隱藏秩序。
30. 電子
質子
One-way waves along the axis joining one electron and one proton are
responsible for magnetic fields.
The wave direction is reversed for opposite spin and also for any
lambda/2 distance difference.
This phenomenon is the origin of magnetic north and south poles
因此:粒子間的交互作用其實是根源於形成粒子的駐波之
間波函數加減作用的結果
33. “ 3D standing waves, a structure, with all characteristics of a platonic
In
solid, is formed for each standing wave mode. Within an atom, which is
the building block of matter, the platonic solid is not formed by salt or
known particles, but by electromagnetic waves in vacuum.不同的駐波
可合成不同型態的場域(FIELD) ,不同的物質點依據場
域的形式組裝成不同的物質型態 (SELF-ASSEMBLY) 。
56. Bluetits can not travel more than 5 miles
Bluetits live 2-3 years
1930,
II War
1948
Holland
1921, southampton
Morphogenetic fields carry information only (no energy) and are
available throughout time and space without any loss of intensity
after they have been created. They are created by the patterns of
physical forms (including such things as crystals as well as
biological systems).
58. Placebo effect and the brain
Functional imaging upon placebo analgesia shows that it links to the
activation, and increased functional correlation between this
activation, in the anterior cingulate, prefrontal, orbitofrontal and
insular cortices, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, the brainstem
periaqueductal gray matter,[28][29][30] and the spinal cord.[31][32]
These changes can act upon the brain’early stages of information
s
processing: research using evoked brain potentials upon painful laser
pulses, for example, finds placebo effects upon the N2– a biphasic
P2,
negative–
positive complex response, the N2 peak of which is at about
230 ms, and the P2 one at about 380 ms.[33] They occur not only
during placebo analgesia but after receiving the analgesic placebo (the
areas are different here, and involve the medial prefrontal cortex,
posterior parietal cortex and inferior parietal lobule).[34]
安慰劑效應導因於:內心先植入(Imprint)一段波,利用這段
波的震盪效應影響物質,這與祈禱、求神效應相同。