狠狠撸

Enterprise ????
Tomcat ????
Part 1 : Tomcat ? ?? ????
Victor Lee
sleepred@gmail.com
2015.12.29

? Tomcat ??
? Tomcat Architecture
? Basic Features
- Configuration, Connector, Tomcat JDBC Connection Pool ?
? Advance Features
- ??? ??, Session Clustering ?
? Management & Monitoring
- Tomcat Manager, JK Manager, VisualVM, Scouter ?
? Tomcat Troubleshooting & ?? ???
? Tomcat Community ??
- Build, Tomcat ????, Contribution

Complexity
Vendor
Dependency
Cost Overrun
Solution?

Stability
Security
Availability
Solution?

※ ASF : http://www.apache.org/
Top Open Source Communities

※ Apache Tomcat : http://tomcat.apache.org/
※ User Mailing list : http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/tomcat-users/

※ https://plumbr.eu/blog/java/most-popular-java-ee-containers-2015-edition

WEBSITE LISTS AVAILABLE
Create a list of 158,040 websites using Apache
Tomcat.
※ https://wappalyzer.com/applications/apache-tomcat

? 1996? 6? ? 4? JavaOne (?? Sun Microsystems ??) ? ???? ??,
JSWDK(JavaServer Web Development Kit)? Apache Software Foundation ? ???? ??
???.
? Tomcat? Apache Software Foundation(ASF) ??? Apache Tomcat ?????? ? ??
?? ?? Sevlet/JSP Container? ??? ? ?????? ??(WAS)
? Tomcat History
? Tomcat 3.x (1999?) : ?? ???
? Tomcat 4.x (2003?) : Catalina ???? ??
? Tomcat 5.x (2004?) : Session Replication ?? ??
? Tomcat 6.0 (2007?) : Primary-Secondary ?? Sessioin Replication ??
? Tomcat 7.0 (2011?) : Security ??, Connector ????
? Tomcat 8.0 (2014?) : Resouce ????, WebSocket ?? ??
? Tomcat 9.0 (2015?) : 9.0.0.M1(alpha) Release (2015-11-19)

? Tomcat? Serlvet Spec ? Major ???? ???
? Servlet ??? Tomcat ??(Spec)
Servlet Spec
JSP
Spec
EL Spec WebSocket Spec Tomcat version
Release
revision
Support Java Versions
4.0
TBD
(2.4?)
TBD
(3.1?)
TBD (1.2?) 9.0.x 9.0.0.M1 (alpha) 8 and later
3.1 2.3 3.0 1.1 8.0.x 8.0.28 7 and later
3.0 2.2 2.2 1.1 7.0.x 7.0.65
6 and later
(WebSocket 1.1 requires 7 or
later)
2.5 2.1 2.1 N/A 6.0.x 6.0.44 5 and later
2.4 2.0 N/A N/A 5.5.x (archived) 5.5.36 (archived) 1.4 and later
※ TBD : To Be Determined
※ Community support version : Tomcat6, Tomcat7, Tomcat8, Tomcat9
End of life for Apache Tomcat 6.0.x : 31 December 2016.

DB
WASWEB
Session
Server
L4 / Switch
OpenEJB
Browser(User) Network
Session
replication
Load
Balancing
Load
Balancing
Fail-over
Fail-over

Server
Service(*)
Engine
Host(*)
Context(*)
ConnectorConnectorConnector Valve
Valve
ValveValve
Valve
Valve
Global Resource
Clustering SupportJMX SupportJSP SupportSecurity
Utility
R
e
q
u
e
s
t
Realm
Realm
Realm
Wrapper(*)
ValveValve
ValveListener
ValveListener
ValveListener
ValveListener
Logger
Resources
Executor
Loader
Manager
Listener
Listener
Listener
ValveListener
Jar
Scanner
ResourceResource
JSPJSP
ServletsServlet

? Server : Server = Catalina servlet container = Tomcat Instance
JVM ??? Singleton ?? ??, Server?? ???? Service? Life Cycle?? ??
? Context : web application? ???? ????, Spec ? ServletContext? ??.
WAR/EAR ????, exploded? ????
※ http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.0-doc/config/server.html ? ??

? Listeners : Tomcat Lifecycle ??? ??? action? ???? ????
Tomcat? lifecycle ? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ??
ex) APR Lifecycle Listener, Global Resources Lifecycle Listener ?
? Manager : HTTP ??? ?? ????? session manager
? Logger : ?? JULI(Java Logging implimentation)?? ?? ???? ??

? Valve : ????(Engine, Host, Context)? ??? ??? request ?? pipeline(valve chain
??)?? ??? ?? ????

? Server.xml ??
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<GlobalNamingResources>
<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
description="User database that can be updated and saved"
factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
</GlobalNamingResources>
<Service name="Catalina">
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"
xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>
※ It is NOT recommended to place <Context> elements directly in the server.xml file
(https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.0-doc/config/context.html)

Tomcat
? Client ??? ??? ?? Container? ???? ?? Component
? Connector ? Tomcat? ??? ???? Coyote Architecture ? ???
? Protocal? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??
? Connector Protocal
? HTTP/HTTPS (HTTP/1.1)
? AJP (AJP/1.3)
? Connector ????
? Java Blocking I/O (BIO) : All I/O operations are blocking in processor thread (Read, Write, etc. )
→ Simple, stable, mature
? Java Non-blocking I/O (NIO) : Allows huge number of parallel requests
? Java NIO.2 (NIO2) : like the NIO connector but uses the NIO2 framework
? Native / Apache Portable Runtime (APR) : Native code (C), Use JNI
?
※ http://www.tecbar.net/optimize-tomcat-performance/

Tomcat
? Connector ??
? ?????? APR > NIO > BIO ??, JAVA ??, OS ??, ??? ?? ??? ?? ???
? Stability : BIO > NIO or APR
? SSL : APR > NIO > BIO
? Low concurrency : BIO > APR > NIO
? High concurrency No Keep-Alive : BIO > APR > NIO
? High concurrency Keep-Alive : APR > NIO > BIO

Tomcat
? HTTP Connector? HTTP/1.1 protocol? ???? ????
? ?? :
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1“ connectionTimeout="20000“ redirectPort="8443" />
…
</Service>
?? ?? ???
protocol
HTTP, AJP ? Connector? Protocal? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???
???
- BIO(java connector) : org.apache.coyote. http11.Http11Protocol
- NIO(java connector) : org.apache.coyote. http11.Http11NioProtocol
- NIO2(java connector) : org.apache.coyote. http11.Http11Nio2Protocol
- APR(native connector) : org.apache.coyote. http11.Http11AprProtocol
HTTP/1.1

Tomcat
※ http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.0-doc/config/http.html
※ http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.0-doc/config/http.html#Connector_Comparison
? HTTP Connector? HTTP/1.1 protocol? ???? ????

Tomcat
? AJP Connector? AJP protocol? ???? Tomcat? web server? ??? ? ???? ????
? ?? :
<Connector port="8089" protocol=“AJP/1.3“ redirectPort="8443" />
…
</Service>
?? ?? ???
protocol
HTTP, AJP ? Connector? Protocal? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???
???
- BIO : org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpProtocol
- NIO : org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpNioProtocol
- NIO2 : org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpNio2Protocol
- APR : org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpAprProtocol
AJP/1.3

Tomcat
※ http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.0-doc/config/ajp.html
※ http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.0-doc/config/http.html#Connector_Comparison
? AJP Connector? AJP protocol? ???? Tomcat? web server? ??? ? ???? ????

Tomcat Logging
? JULI Logging Framework ??
Apache Commons Logging ???? ??
→ java.util.logging ?? (default)
extra ???? ?? Log4j ? Logging Framework ?? ??
? JULI Logging Architecture

Tomcat Logging
? ClassLoaderLogManager
java.util.logging.LogManager? ??
- $CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties ?? Loading ??, Tomcat? ??
- ClassLoader? path?? logging.properties? ??, ClassLoader? Log ??? ??
-> ??????? ? log Configuration ??
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager
# Example (all one line)
# LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [ -z "$LOGGING_MANAGER" ]; then
LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
fi

Tomcat Logging
? logging.properties
handlers = 1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, 2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler,
java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler
.handlers = 1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler, java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler
############################################################
# Handler specific properties.
# Describes specific configuration info for Handlers.
############################################################
1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE
1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
1catalina.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = catalina.
2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.level = FINE
2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.directory = ${catalina.base}/logs
2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler.prefix = localhost.
############################################################
# Facility specific properties.
# Provides extra control for each logger.
############################################################
java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.level = FINE
java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.formatter = org.apache.juli.OneLineFormatter
org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].level = INFO
org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[Catalina].[localhost].handlers = 2localhost.org.apache.juli.AsyncFileHandler

Tomcat Logging
? Tomcat Logging ??
java.util.logging, javax.servlet.ServletContext.log, Console, Access Logging ? ???
?? ?? ???
Java Logging API
Tomcat??? Application? ????? ???? ?? java.util.logging
??? ??? JULI? ??
logging.properties ??? ??? ??
ex) localhost.yyyy-MM-
dd.log
Servlets logging API
javax.servlet.ServletContext.log(…)? ?? ???? ??? ? ???
logging.properites ??? ?? ?
org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.[${engine}].[${host}].[${context}]
? ??? ??
ex) manager.yyyy-MM-
dd.log
Console Tomcat?? ? ???? STDERR/STDOUT ex) catalina.out
Access logging
AccessLogValve ?? ExtendedAccessLogValve?? ???? ??
Access Log Valve? ??? ??
ex) access_log.yyyy-MM-
dd

Tomcat Session Manager
? Tomcat Session Manager
HTTP ??? ?? ????? session manager? Context?? ????, ??? ??? ?? ?
? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? (default : org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager)
? Session Manager ??
※ http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.0-doc/config/manager.html ? ??
<Manager classname=“org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager” />
?? ?? ???
StandardManager
?? ??. ??? instance? ???? ??? ???? org.apache.catalina.sess
ion.StandardManager
PersistentManager
??? ?? DB? ??? Persist. ?? ???? ?? ??(fault tolerance) org.apache.catalina.sess
ion.PersistentManager
DeltaManager
All-to-All ?? Session Replication ?? ?? org.apache.catalina.sess
ion.DeltaManager
BackupManager
Primary-Secondary Session Replication ??? ?? org.apache.catalina.sess
ion.BackupManager

Tomcat Connnection Pool
? Tomcat? DataBase Connection Pool ? Commons DBCP? Tomcat JDBC Pool? 2?
? Pool? ??
The Tomcat JDBC Connection Pool
(https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.0-doc/jdbc-
pool.html)
Commons DBCP
(http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons
-dbcp/)
※ Tomcat 7.0.18 – extra package? ??
Tomcat 7.0.19 – ?? Release

Tomcat JDBC Connnection Pool
? Tomcat? DataBase Connection Pool ? Commons DBCP? Tomcat JDBC Pool? 2?? Pool?
??
? Commons DBCP : org.apache.tomcat.dbcp.dbcp.BasicDataSourceFactory (default)
- org.apache.commons -> org.apache.tomcat. ??? ??
? Tomcat JDBC : org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSourceFactory
? DBCP ? Apache Commons ????? ????, DataBase Connection Pool? ?? ??
DataBase Connection Pool ? ?? ?? ??? ??, ?? ???? ??.
? Tomcat JDBC? Apache Tomcat ????? ????? ??? DataBase Connection Pool ??.
<Resource type="javax.sql.DataSource"
name="jdbc/TestDB"
factory="org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSourceFactory"
driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql"
username="mysql_user"
password="mypassword123" />

Tomcat JDBC Connnection Pool ????
? ?? DB ?? ??
?? ?? ??
username DB ??? ?? JDBC ????? ???? ??? ??
password DB ??? ?? JDBC ????? ???? ??? ????
url DB ??? ?? JDBC ????? ???? ?? URL
driverClassName JDBC ????? FQCN （Fully Qualified Class Name)
connectionProperties DB ??? ?? JDBC ????? ???? ?? Properties
?? ?? ???
defaultAutoCommit ??? Connection? ?? Commit Mode
JDBC Dirver ???
- Oracle : true
- MySQL/MariaDB : true
defaultReadOnly ??? Connection? ReadOnly JDBC Dirver ???
defaultTransactionIsolation ??? Connection? TransactionIsolation JDBC Dirver ???
defaultCatalog ??? Connection? defaultCatalog JDBC Dirver ???
※ Commons DBCP : defaultAutoCommit ? ???? true

? ?? DB ?? ??
?? ?? ???
initialSize Pool ?? ? ???? Connection? ?? ??? 10
maxActive Pool?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ? 100
maxIdle Pool?? ???? ?? Connection ? 100
minIdle Pool?? ???? ?? Connection ? initialSize
maxWait ?? ??? Connection? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? 30,000 (30?)
maxAge
Connection? ???? ??.
Connection ?? ?? maxAge ?? ?????, ?? Connection?
Close ??
0 (msc)
fairQueue
getConnection ??? Connection? FIFO???? ???? ????
? true? ??. org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.FairBlockingQueue ? ??
?? ???, ???? ??? ???? Connection? ???? ?? ?
??
true

Tomcat JDBC Connnection Pool ????
? Connection Validation ?? ??
?? ?? ???
validationQuery Connection ??? ??? ?? SQL Query
MySQL/MariaDB : SELECT 1
Oracle : SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
testOnBorrow
Pool?? ?? Connection? ???? ?? ???? ??
??? ???? ??, ?? ??? ????, ??? Pool??
Connection? ???? ??
False, true ??? validationQuery ??
testOnReturn Pool? Connection? ???? ?? Connection? ???? ?? false, true ??? validationQuery ??
testWileIdle
Idle ??? Connection ? ?? ???? ??
??? ??? ?? ?? Connection? ???
???? Evictor ? ???? ??? Evictor? ??? ???
(timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis ?? ??)
false, true ??? validationQuery ??
initSQL Connection? ??? ???? SQL Query
validationClassName
Validation Class?? ??.
? ??? ?? ? validationQuery? ?? ?? ??, Validator
Class? ?? ??? ??? ????
(org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.Validator ????? ?? ??)
validationInterval
Validation? ?? ?? ??.
??? ?????? ? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?
?? ??
30000 (30?)
logValidationErrors Validation? ?? ???, ?? ????? ?? ?? false

? PoolCleaner ?? ?? (Evictor)
?? ?? ???
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMilles Idle ??? Connection ? check ?? ??, 5,000 (5?)
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis Idle Connection? ?? ?? 60,000(60?)
* Commons DBCP? ?? ? numTestsPerEvictionRun ?? ??
? Connection Leak ?? ?? (removeAbandoned)
? PoolCleaner ?? ?? (removeAbandoned)
?? ?? ???
removeAbandoned Connection ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? false
removeAbandonedTimeout Connection ??? ??????? ?? 60 ?
logAbandoned
Connection ??? ???? ?, Connection? Close?? ?? ??
????? Stuck Thread? ??? ?? ??? ??
false
suspectTimeout
Connection ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??
suspectTimeout ??? ??? Connection? ?? ?? ?? ? JMX
? ??? ??
0
abandonWhenPercentageFull
??? Connection ? ??? ??? ??
0~100 ??? ????, ? ??? ??? ?? Connection? ??,
removeAbandonedTimeout? ??? Connection? ?? ??.
0

? DataSouce Resource ??
<Resource
name="${jdbc.resource.name}"
factory=“org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSourceFactory"
auth="Container"
type="javax.sql.DataSource"
username="${jdbc.username}"
password="${jdbc.password}"
driverClassName="${jdbc.driverClassName}"
url="${jdbc.url}"
testWhileIdle="true"
testOnBorrow="true"
testOnReturn="false"
validationQuery="SELECT 1"
validationInterval="30000"
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis="5000"
maxActive="100"
minIdle="10"
maxWait="10000"
initialSize="10"
removeAbandonedTimeout="60"
removeAbandoned="true"
logAbandoned="true"
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis="30000"
jmxEnabled="true"
jdbcInterceptors="ConnectionState;StatementFinalizer;SlowQueryReportJmx(threshold=10000)"/>

? Global Resource Level
→ DataSource Pool Global level ??
? Global Resource(server.xml) + Resouce Link(application-context.xml)
→ ?? Application ??? ?? ??
? Global Resource(server.xml) + Resouce Link(Global context.xml)
→ ?? Application?? ?? ??
? Context Level
→ DataSource Pool ?? Context ? ???
? Global Context (context.xml)
→ ?? Application?? ?? ??
? Application Context (application-context.xml)
→ ?? Application??? ?? ??

? Global Resource Level (+ Resouce Link)
? Server : ${CATALINA_HOME}/conf/server.xml
? Context(1) : ${CATALINA_HOME}/conf/context.xml
? Context(2) : ${CATALINA_HOME}/conf/Catalina/localhost/${CONTEXT_NAME}.xml
<Server port="${port.shutdown}" shutdown="ARGO_INSTANCE_SHUTDOWN">
<GlobalNamingResources>
<Resource name="jdbc/argo"
url="jdbc:mysql://10.0.1.88:3306/oom"
username="root“
password="uCO5FkZ3NfgDo/LWB0l+0A=="
……
/>
</GlobalNamingResources>
</Server>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<Context>
<WatchedResource>WEB-INF/web.xml</WatchedResource>
<ResourceLink global="jdbc/argo" name="jdbc/argo" type="javax.sql.DataSource"/>
</Context>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<Context docBase="/sorc001/argo/application/sample-simpleweb" path="/" reloadable="false">
<ResourceLink global="jdbc/argo" name="jdbc/argo" type="javax.sql.DataSource"/>
</Context>

? Context Level
? Context(1) : ${CATALINA_HOME}/conf/context.xml
? Context(2) : ${CATALINA_HOME}/conf/Catalina/localhost/${CONTEXT_NAME}.xml
<Context>
<WatchedResource>WEB-INF/web.xml</WatchedResource>
username="root“
……
/>
</Context>
username="root“
……
/>
</Context>

? Commons DBCP ? Single Thread? ????. ??? Thread? ??? ? ??? ?? ?
(pool) ? ??? lock? ??. ?? ??/CPU ???? ??? ????. (???) → (not
DBCP 2.x)
? Commons DBCP ? ????. Commons DBCP ? ???? ? ???? 60??, Tomcat ? 8
?? ?????? ????.
? Tomcat JDBC? Common DBCP ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????, ????? JMX ??
?? ??? ???? Connection Validation, JdbcInterceptor? ?? DB??? ???? ??
?? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ??
? ?? ??? Common DBCP? ??, ??? ????, ???? Tomcat ? ??? ?? ???,
?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ???/???? ???.
※ Commons DBCP vs Tomcat JDBC :
http://vigilbose.blogspot.kr/2009/03/apache-commons-dbcp-and-tomcat-jdbc.html
http://people.apache.org/~fhanik/tomcat/jdbc-pool.html

Jasper
? Jasper? Tomcat? JSP????, JSP? ????? ?? ????
? JSPC(JSP to Servlet), JavaC(Servlet to Class) ??

Jasper
? ?? JSP ??? org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet ? Servlet ???? ??.
<servlet>
<servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>fork</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>xpoweredBy</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>

<load-on-startup>3</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>jsp</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>*.jspx</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

? ?? ??? ??
? Static Contents? ?? ??
? Apache HTTP Server? ??? ?? ? ?? ??
(Access Control, Contents Caching, Filter ?)
? ?? ??
? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??
? WEB + WAS? ?? ?? ??
? ?? ??
? Fail Over
? Fail Back
? ??
? ?? (Security)

? ??? ?? ??
? mod_proxy - http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/mod_proxy.html
? mod_jk - http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/
? mod_cluster - http://mod-cluster.jboss.org/
? ???? ??
?? ?? ??
mod_proxy
? Protocal(http, https, ajp)? ???? ?? ??
? Apache HTTP Server ? ??? ???? ??, ?? ?? ? ??? ??
??
? ???? Load Balancer ?? ??
? Apache HTTP Server ?????? ??
mod_jk
? ??? Load Balancer ?? ??
? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??
? Apache Tomcat ?????? ??
? ?? ?? ??
mod_cluster
? ???? worker(Tomcat) ??? ??
? worker ??? ?? Load Balancing ??
? JBOSS ??? ?? ?? (Tomcat? ?? ??)
? ?? ??? ?? ??

? Tomcat ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??
? Document : http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/
? Download : http://tomcat.apache.org/download-connectors.cgi
? mod_jk ??
? worker ?? ?? (CPing/CPong)
? Connection Pooling
? Sticky Session
? Retry (Recovery)
? Load banance
? worker Status ??
? ?? ????

? mod_jk ?? ??
? mod_jk ?? ? ?? (httpd.conf)
? worker ?? (worker.properties)
? WEB-WAS ?? ?? ?? (uriworkermap.properties)
? mod_jk ??
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so
<IfModule mod_jk.c>
JkWorkersFile ${INSTALL_PATH}/conf/extra/workers.properties
JkLogFile "|${ENGN_HOME}/bin/rotatelogs ${INSTALL_PATH}/logs/jk.log_%Y%m%d 86400 +540"
JkLogLevel error
JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y]"
JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories
JkShmFile ${INSTALL_PATH}/logs/jk.shm
JkMountFile ${INSTALL_PATH}/conf/extra/uriworkermap.properties
</IfModule>
<Location /jk-status/>
JkMount jkstatus
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
</Location>

? worker ??
worker.list=${SERVER_LB_ID},jkstatus
worker.template.type=ajp13
worker.template.lbfactor=1
worker.template.socket_timeout=300
worker.template.socket_keepalive=True
worker.template.connect_timeout=30000
worker.template.connection_pool_size=128
worker.template.connection_pool_minsize=32
worker.template.connection_pool_timeout=20
#########################################
## Worker for Tomcat
#########################################
worker.argow_8180_hostname.reference=worker.template
worker.argow_8180_hostname.host=127.0.0.1
worker.argow_8180_hostname.port=8009
#########################################
## Load Balancer
#########################################
worker.${SERVER_LB_ID}.type=lb
worker.${SERVER_LB_ID}.balance_workers=argow_8180_hostname
worker.${SERVER_LB_ID}.sticky_session=1
worker.jkstatus.type=status

? ?? ?? ??
/*.jsp|/=${SERVER_LB_ID}
/*.do|/=${SERVER_LB_ID}

? status type? Worker ??? Status Worker? ???
? Status Worker? worker? ?? ???? ? mod_jk? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??

? Clustering
? ??? ??? ????, ??? ??? ??? ?? ??
? Clustering ?? : ?? ??, ?? ??, ??? ??, Fail-over
? Tomcat Clustering
? Cluster Load Balance (with Apache HTTP Server)
? Cluster Membership
? Session Replication

? Cluster Architecture
Cluster
Channel - cluster group? communication ??? ??.
Manager - Cluster ????? Session Manager? ??.
Membership - Multicast(default) ???? cluster group? ?? ??/??? ?? ??? ???.
Receiver - Member? ???? Message receive?.
Sender- ??? ??? Message? ??.
Valve - Request? Servlet Container ???? ??? Track.(Tomcat Valve? ??)
ClusterListener - Cluster Group? Message send/receive ?? Track.
Interceptor - Message send? ? interceptor stack? ??.
(Send ? Message? ?? ? ? ??)
Deployer - Application Deploy? cluster ??? ???? ??.

? Cluster Session Manager ??
?? ?? ???
DeltaManager
? All-to-All session replication
? Default Session Manager in Cluster environment
? For small cluster
org.apache.catalina.sessi
on.DeltaManager
BackupManager
? Primary-Secondary session replication
? For large cluster
org.apache.catalina.sessi
on.BackupManager

? Session Replication
? Failover
Load
Balancer
Load
Balancer
Session
(Primary)

? Session Replication (create)
? Session Replication (destroy)
Entry
? Primary: Tomcat #1
? Backup: Tomcat #2
? Key: JsessionId
? Value: Session
(Value? Primary/Backup Node? ??? ?
?? ??? ??. Proxy? null)

? Failover
Node Failure
→ Tomcat1
? Access to Primary node
Entry
? Primary: Tomcat #2
? Backup: Server #3
? Key: JsessionId
? Value: Session
(Value? Primary/Backup
Node? ??? ? ?? ??
? ??. Proxy? null)

? Access to Backup node
? Accessto Proxy node

? Configuration
Tomcat Clustering? ???? conf/server.xml ? <Engine> ?? <Host> ? ????.
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
? ??? ??? ????.
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
channelSendOptions="8">
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager“ expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService“ address="228.0.0.4” port="45564” frequency="500”
dropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver“ address="auto“ port="4000” autoBind="100“ selectorTimeout="5000"
maxThreads="6"/>
<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
</Sender>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
</Channel>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve“ filter=""/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer” tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/“ deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/“ watchEnabled="false"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener">
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener">
</Cluster>
Session Manager ??
?DeltaManager
?BackupManager
?? Cluster Group?? ???
? ???? address? port
(Multicase ??) ? ???? ?.
Cluster Message? ?? Receiver ??
Port? ????? ?? ?? bind.
port <= ?????port < port + autoBind
Http Request ? data ?? ??? ??. txt, html ? ? ? session? ?
??? ???? filter? ???? ?.
mod_jk Failover? ?? ??, sessionId ?? jvmRoute ?? ???.
???, Application/WEB-INF/web.xml ? <distributable/> ? ?????.

? JVM ??? ?? ????? ???? ?
? JVM? ??($JAVA_HOME/bin/jvisualvm )?? ???, ?? ??????? ???? ??
(http://visualvm.java.net/)
? ?? ??
? Display local and remote Java applications
? Display application configuration and runtime environment
? Monitor application threads, application performance and memory consumption
? Take and display thread dumps
? Take and browse heap dumps

https://github.com/scouter-project/scouter
? 2015.7.1 initial commit
? Apache 2 License
? Java/Scala/Eclipse-RCP

MYSQL(DB)
Tomcat(App.)
Browser(User)
agent.java
agent.host
Collector
agent.host
CPU, MEM, DISK
Heap, TPS
ResTime
Service Profile
Client

Active Service
& Control Indivisual Request Service Perf.
& Profile
Top-Stack Frequecy
Resource Usage
& Service Perf.

Recent User
TPS
Avg Res. Time
CPU Usage
Active Service
Heap Usage
XLog
Monitoring
Objects

? L?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????, ?? Unix ? ?
? WEB/WAS?? ?? ???? ???? ??, OSS? ??
? ?????? ? ? 22? ??? CentOS/Apache/Tomcat?? ???

? Tomcat ?? ?? & ??
? HTTPS ?? ??? ??? HTTP ? ?? ? ???? ??? ??
(??? ??, ? HTTP ?? ??? ??? HTTPS ??? ????? ?? ??)
→ Tomcat Valve ?? ?? (HTTPS ?? ?? ?, HTTP ?? ?? ??)
? JSP ?? ??
→ web.xml ? jsp-property-group? page-encoding ??
? DB Password ??
→ Tomcat ????? DataSource ?? ? DB Password ? Plain Text ? ???? ?? ??
????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??

? Apache ?? ?? & ??
? Tomcat Connector ? Tomcat VM ?? ?? ??
→ OS (VM) ? ???? ?? ?? Tomcat Connector ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??
→ ICA (IP Table Control for Apache) ???? ???
? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??
→ ??? ??? mod_expires ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??
→ js, css ?? ???? mod_deflate ??? ?? ?? ?? ??
? ?? ?? ?? & ??
? <url-pattern> ?? ??
? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??
? JSP include tag ?? ??
? ??? contentType ? ?? ??
? JSP ? ??? ?? ??? ??

? L? ??? ?? ?? – ?? ??
? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? Jeus? Tomcat? ??? ????? Scouter APM?? ????
?? ? ??? ??

? U2L ?? ??
? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? OSS? ??/?? ???? ?????? ???
Enterprise???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?
? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????
???? ?? value? ?? ?????
? Scale-out? ??? WEB/WAS ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?
?? ???? OSS?? ?? ??? ??? ??

? ??? ?? ?? (mod_jk Fail-over ????)
? WEB??? sticky? ??? WAS? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? WAS? Round Robin??
?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??
Internet
WAS
WEB
L4
WEB
WAS
WAS
WAS
Internet
WAS
WEB
L4
WEB
WAS
WAS
WAS
???? ?? ??? ?? WAS?? Request? ???
???? ??? ??, ??? WAS? Request? Round Robin?? ??

? mod_jk worker lb(Load Banancer) : was? ????? ????? ??, ??? ?? ?? worker? ?? ???
??
? lb(Load Banancer)
- worker? ???
- load-balancing factor? ???? ????
- sticky?? ??
- ?? worker? ???? ? ?? worker? failover
- load balancer? ??? ????? ??
.

? Tomcat ???(??) ?? ??, ${CATALINA_BASE} ? ??
? CATALINA_HOME ??, CATALINA_BASE ??
? ?? library ??, shell ??? ??, ?? ??
? ?? : ?? ????? ? ?? ?? ???, ?? ???? ???
? ?? : ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??
Tomcat (CATALINA_HOME)
bin conf lib logs temp webapps work
Server1(CATALINA_BASE)) Server2(CATALINA_BASE)
bin conf lib logs
temp webapps work
bin conf lib logs
temp webapps work
Tomcat
Tomcat(CATALINA_HOME=CATALINA_BASE)
[ CATALINA_HOME ??, CATALINA_BASE ?? ?? ][ ?? N? ?? ?? ]

? Tomcat? ?? JAVA ?? ?? ? JAVA_OPTS, CATALINA_OPTS ?? ??? ?
???, ??? ??? ??
? JAVA_OPTS → ??/?? ? ?? ??
→ Catalina Java Options ?
ex)
? CATALINA_OPTS → ?? ??? ???
→ JVM Memory Options, Business System Java Options
ex) ## JVM Memory Options (tune them)
CATALINA_OPTS=" ${CATALINA_OPTS} -Xms2048m -Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m"
CATALINA_OPTS=" ${CATALINA_OPTS} -verbose:gc"
CATALINA_OPTS=" ${CATALINA_OPTS} -Xloggc:${LOG_HOME}/gc_${INST_NAME}.${DATE}.log"
CATALINA_OPTS=" ${CATALINA_OPTS} -XX:+UseParallelGC"
CATALINA_OPTS=" ${CATALINA_OPTS} -XX:+UseParallelOldGC"
CATALINA_OPTS=" ${CATALINA_OPTS} -XX:-UseAdaptiveSizePolicy"
CATALINA_OPTS=" ${CATALINA_OPTS} -XX:+PrintGCDetails"
CATALINA_OPTS=" ${CATALINA_OPTS} -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps“
CATALINA_OPTS=" ${CATALINA_OPTS} -XX:+ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent"
CATALINA_OPTS=" ${CATALINA_OPTS} -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError"
CATALINA_OPTS=" ${CATALINA_OPTS} -XX:HeapDumpPath=${LOG_HOME}/hdump“
## Business System Java Options (for your application)
## Catalina Java Options (don't modify them)
JAVA_OPTS=" ${JAVA_OPTS} -server"
JAVA_OPTS=" ${JAVA_OPTS} -DjvmRoute=${JVM_ROUTE}"
JAVA_OPTS=" ${JAVA_OPTS} -Dwas_name=${INST_NAME}"
JAVA_OPTS=" ${JAVA_OPTS} -Dport.http=${SERVICE_PORT}"
JAVA_OPTS=" ${JAVA_OPTS} -Dport.https=èxpr ${SERVICE_PORT} + 363`"
JAVA_OPTS=" ${JAVA_OPTS} -Dport.ajp=èxpr ${SERVICE_PORT} - 71`"
JAVA_OPTS=" ${JAVA_OPTS} -Dport.shutdown=èxpr ${SERVICE_PORT} - 75`"

? setenv ???? ??
? Catalina ???? ??? setenv ???? ???
? Tomcat ?? ???? ??
? Catalina ????
setenv.sh
shutdown.sh
catalina.shstartup.sh
daemon.sh
setclasspath.sh
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Control Script for the CATALINA Server
#
# Environment Variable Prerequisites
#
# Do not set the variables in this script. Instead put them into a script
# setenv.sh in CATALINA_BASE/bin to keep your customizations separate.
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then
. "$CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh"
elif [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh" ]; then
. "$CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh"
fi

? Tomcat ?? ??? Template ???? ??
? ?? include shell ??
ex)
? Tomcat ?? ?? (Server.xml)
ex)
## Catalina Java Options (don't modify them)
JAVA_OPTS=" ${JAVA_OPTS} -server"
JAVA_OPTS=" ${JAVA_OPTS} -DjvmRoute=${JVM_ROUTE}"
JAVA_OPTS=" ${JAVA_OPTS} -Dwas_name=${INST_NAME}"
JAVA_OPTS=" ${JAVA_OPTS} -Dport.http=${SERVICE_PORT}"
JAVA_OPTS=" ${JAVA_OPTS} -Dport.https=èxpr ${SERVICE_PORT} + 363`"
JAVA_OPTS=" ${JAVA_OPTS} -Dport.ajp=èxpr ${SERVICE_PORT} - 71`"
JAVA_OPTS=" ${JAVA_OPTS} -Dport.shutdown=èxpr ${SERVICE_PORT} - 75`"
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<Server port="${port.shutdown}" shutdown="ARGO_INSTANCE_SHUTDOWN">
......
<Connector port="${port.http}" protocol="HTTP/1.1" server="Server"
connectionTimeout="20000" URIEncoding="UTF-8"
redirectPort="${port.https}" />
<Connector port="${port.ajp}" protocol="AJP/1.3" server="Server"
redirectPort="${port.https}" maxPostSize="-1"
maxThreads="256" connectionTimeout="60000" URIEncoding="UTF-8"
acceptCount="10" enableLookups="false" tcpNoDelay="true" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
......
<Host name="localhost" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="false">
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="${log.home}"
prefix="access_${was_cname}." suffix=".log"
pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b %D" />
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>

? Tomcat Major Version ? Documentation ??
? Tomcat8 : http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.0-doc/
? Tomcat Connectors : mod_jk Documentation – http://tomcat.apache.org/connectors-doc/
? Tomcat Native - http://tomcat.apache.org/native-doc/
? Tomcat Wiki – http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/FrontPage
? Migration Guide – http://tomcat.apache.org/migration.html
? Security Report – http://tomcat.apache.org.security.html

? Mailing List Guide : http://tomcat.apache.org/lists.html
? Tomcat? ?? ?? Mailing List ?? ??
? Mailing List
? tomcat-users (users@tomcat.apache.org)
– subscribe: users-subscribe@tomcat.apache.org
– Tomcat ???? ?? Mailing List
? tomcat-dev (dev@tomcat.apache.org)
– subscribe: dev-subscribe@tomcat.apache.org
– Tomcat? ??,?? ? ????? ?? ???? ?? Mailing List
? tomcat-announce (announce@tomcat.apache.org)
– subscribe: announce-subscribe@tomcat.apache.org
– Tomcat ??? ?? ? ??? ??? Announce ?? ?? Mailing List
? taglibs-user (taglibs-user@tomcat.apache.org)
– subscribe: taglibs-user-subscribe@tomcat.apache.org
– Apache Taglibs(http://tomcat.apache.org/taglibs/) ???? ?? Mailing List

? Bug Report Guide - http://tomcat.apache.org/bugreport.html
? Tomcat Community ? ?? ??????? Bugzilla? ??
? Bugzilla? ???, ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ? ??

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?? ?? ???

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