Teaching: Meaning, Definition, Nature, Characteristics and Aims.Nishat AnjumMeaning, Definition, Nature, Characteristics and Aims of Teaching in Hindi.
Force and PressureRukshar KhanForces can be pushes, pulls, or a combination of both. A force is any interaction between two objects that causes a change in motion or shape. There are two main types of forces - contact forces that act when objects touch, and non-contact forces that act over a distance like magnetic or gravitational forces. Pressure is the amount of force applied over a given area, and depends on both the force and the contact area. Applying force over a smaller area results in greater pressure.
Management of the burst abdomen.pptDr./ Ihab Samy This document discusses the management of burst abdomens, also known as abdominal wound dehiscence. It defines abdominal wound dehiscence and provides information on incidence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment options. Dehiscence occurs when an abdominal wound separates after surgery, with a reported incidence between 0.2-6% and mortality rates of 10-40%. Risk factors include male sex, age under 45, emergency surgery, obesity, and medical conditions like diabetes or renal failure. Treatment depends on the severity but may involve re-suturing the wound with retention sutures or using a prosthetic mesh if the wound cannot be primarily closed.
Learning pptMAHIMA This document defines learning and discusses its nature and types. It defines learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience. The nature of learning includes that it is universal, occurs through experience, is continuous from birth to death, results in behavioral changes, and is a process of adjustment. The types of learning discussed are motor learning, verbal learning, concept learning, discrimination learning, learning of principles, problem solving, and attitude learning.
Probing Questioning SkillPatidar MIt is a microteaching skill. With the help of this skill teacher tries to get information from students by using series of questions. This presentation explains you about probing questioning skill and its component. Lesson plan format of probing questioning is also discussed in this presentation.
अनुशीलन प्रश्न कौशल सूक्ष्म शिक्षण का एक कौशल है , जिसके माध्यम से शिक्षक विद्यार्थियों से जानकारी प्राप्त करने के लिए प्रश्नों की श्रृंखला का उपयोग करते है । इस प्रेजेंटेशन द्वारा अनुशीलन प्रश्न कौशल, उसके गटक तथा पाठ योजना के प्रारूप का वर्णन किया गया है ।
The new panchasheel.note for sndt b.ed studentmubashsheraThe document outlines Dr. R.A Mashelkar's vision for India in the new millennium, which he calls the "New Panchasheel". It consists of five key areas of focus: 1) Child-centered education, 2) Women-centered society, 3) Human-centered development, 4) Knowledge-centered society, and 5) Innovation-centered India. The document discusses the current issues and challenges within each of these areas and provides suggestions for how to improve and make progress. The overall message is that by focusing on these five fundamentals and setting them right, India can achieve great success in the 21st century.
CHILD DEVELOPMENT STAGES AND PIAGET'S THEORYnishakataria10The document discusses the concept of development as a lifelong process involving both quantitative and qualitative changes in a child's growth, influenced by maturity and environmental interactions. It outlines several principles of growth and development, emphasizing continuity, individual differences, and the interplay between heredity and environment. Moreover, it presents Piaget's theory of cognitive development, detailing the distinct stages children undergo from infancy through adolescence, and the processes of assimilation and accommodation crucial for their learning.
bhasa kaushal.pptxNarottamViswasbhasa kaushal ppt describing its definition and its types with appropriate diagrams and figures.
shravan kaushal
wachan kaushal
pathan kaushal
lekhan kaushal
FINAL EXPLANATION SKILL MICRO TEACHING SKILL EXPLANATION SKILL EFFECTIVE TEA...ShikhaChoudhary71The document discusses the explanation skill, which is an important teaching skill that allows teachers to simplify complex topics for students. It notes that explanation involves making topics easier to understand without losing essential information. Effective explanation should be simple, clear, concise and interesting. It then lists various maxims and components of providing a good explanation, such as using coordination between statements, avoiding irrelevant information, speaking clearly, and including connecting links and clear introductory statements. The document emphasizes that explanation skills are necessary for effective teaching and learning.
Vedanta Philosophy - Metaphysics, Epistemology & Axiology Sahin SahariThe document discusses Vedanta philosophy, outlining its metaphysics, epistemology, and axiology, and highlights key figures such as Badarayana and Shankara. It elaborates on the concept of Brahman as the ultimate reality, and details the distinctions between temporal and spiritual knowledge. Additionally, it presents various sub-schools of Vedanta, including Advaita and Dvaita, emphasizing the importance of self-realization and moral conduct in the pursuit of the highest good.
Metaphysics of samkhya philosophySahin SahariThe Samkhya philosophy, as discussed by Sahin Sahari, is an atheistic metaphysical system that denies the existence of a god and asserts that the universe is real and derived from two fundamental elements: prakruti (nature) and purusha (soul). It outlines 25 elements constituting the universe, detailing the roles of purusha, prakruti, mahat (cosmic intelligence), and the different types of ahamkara (ego). The philosophy emphasizes that every effect has a cause, following the principle of satkaryavad, and explores the intricacies of consciousness and the material world.
Sri aurobindoVijayalakshmi MurugesanThe document outlines the educational philosophies of Sri Aurobindo, emphasizing a holistic approach to education that incorporates spiritual development and personal growth. Key principles include child-centered learning, the importance of mother-tongue education, and the development of a child's latent powers through engaging and morally-grounded curricula. Additionally, it describes Aurobindo's transformation from a politician to a philosopher, highlighting his contributions to educational practices at the Sri Aurobindo Ashram in Pondicherry.
role of educational technology in CCEEducational Learner1. Continuous and comprehensive evaluation (CCE) assesses students on an ongoing basis throughout the year, covering both academic and non-academic areas.
2. Formative evaluation provides feedback during the learning process to improve, while summative evaluation assesses learning at the end to determine grades.
3. Educational technology helps teachers determine content and methods, and evaluate whether students have learned, playing an important role in CCE by analyzing needs, designing instruction, and providing feedback to improve learning.
Levels of teachingPoojaWalia6This document discusses three levels of teaching: memory, understanding, and reflective.
The memory level focuses on rote memorization of facts with little student thinking. Understanding level goes beyond memorization to help students comprehend relationships between facts and principles. Students can generalize rules and apply knowledge.
The reflective level, not discussed in detail, is the most thoughtful level. It involves critically analyzing, evaluating, and creating new ideas. Psychological theories like conditioning and connectionism influence the different levels. Each level has strengths and weaknesses for student learning.
Understanding Disciplinespoonam sharmaThe document outlines the B.Ed. 107 course content, focusing on understanding discipline, subjects, and pedagogic practices within educational contexts. It covers knowledge construction, methodologies of inquiry, the distinction between knowledge and information, and the significance of interdisciplinary studies. Suggested readings and practical assignments are also provided for deeper engagement with the topics discussed.
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)Thanavathi CThis document contains contact information for Dr. C. Thanavathi, an Assistant Professor of History, as well as information on her educational qualifications. It also lists 10 objectives of the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA), a scheme aimed at improving access to and quality of secondary education in India. Finally, it outlines several challenges to achieving universal secondary education, such as lack of parental support and motivation, poverty, child marriage, and absenteeism.
Rabindra nath tagore bedPINKYVARSHNEYRabindranath Tagore, born in 1891, was a multifaceted genius known for his contributions as a poet, dramatist, philosopher, and painter, receiving the Nobel Prize in 1913. He emphasized education in natural surroundings, advocating for creative self-expression, freedom, and moral development, while believing that true education fosters love and connection among living beings. Tagore's educational philosophy included experiential learning through activities, trips, and the nurturing of a global perspective, evident in his establishment of Visva-Bharati University.
Relative Roles of Knower and the Known in knowledge transmission and construc...Kshetrimayum Sajina DeviThis document discusses the relative roles of the knower and the known in the transmission and construction of knowledge. It argues that knowledge is created through the dynamic interaction between individuals and their environment. The process of knowing connects the knower to the known through senses, language, culture and intellectual processes like analysis and synthesis. The relationship between the knower and the known determines the nature and level of knowledge gained.
Probing Questioning SkillPatidar MIt is a microteaching skill. With the help of this skill teacher tries to get information from students by using series of questions. This presentation explains you about probing questioning skill and its component. Lesson plan format of probing questioning is also discussed in this presentation.
अनुशीलन प्रश्न कौशल सूक्ष्म शिक्षण का एक कौशल है , जिसके माध्यम से शिक्षक विद्यार्थियों से जानकारी प्राप्त करने के लिए प्रश्नों की श्रृंखला का उपयोग करते है । इस प्रेजेंटेशन द्वारा अनुशीलन प्रश्न कौशल, उसके गटक तथा पाठ योजना के प्रारूप का वर्णन किया गया है ।
The new panchasheel.note for sndt b.ed studentmubashsheraThe document outlines Dr. R.A Mashelkar's vision for India in the new millennium, which he calls the "New Panchasheel". It consists of five key areas of focus: 1) Child-centered education, 2) Women-centered society, 3) Human-centered development, 4) Knowledge-centered society, and 5) Innovation-centered India. The document discusses the current issues and challenges within each of these areas and provides suggestions for how to improve and make progress. The overall message is that by focusing on these five fundamentals and setting them right, India can achieve great success in the 21st century.
CHILD DEVELOPMENT STAGES AND PIAGET'S THEORYnishakataria10The document discusses the concept of development as a lifelong process involving both quantitative and qualitative changes in a child's growth, influenced by maturity and environmental interactions. It outlines several principles of growth and development, emphasizing continuity, individual differences, and the interplay between heredity and environment. Moreover, it presents Piaget's theory of cognitive development, detailing the distinct stages children undergo from infancy through adolescence, and the processes of assimilation and accommodation crucial for their learning.
bhasa kaushal.pptxNarottamViswasbhasa kaushal ppt describing its definition and its types with appropriate diagrams and figures.
shravan kaushal
wachan kaushal
pathan kaushal
lekhan kaushal
FINAL EXPLANATION SKILL MICRO TEACHING SKILL EXPLANATION SKILL EFFECTIVE TEA...ShikhaChoudhary71The document discusses the explanation skill, which is an important teaching skill that allows teachers to simplify complex topics for students. It notes that explanation involves making topics easier to understand without losing essential information. Effective explanation should be simple, clear, concise and interesting. It then lists various maxims and components of providing a good explanation, such as using coordination between statements, avoiding irrelevant information, speaking clearly, and including connecting links and clear introductory statements. The document emphasizes that explanation skills are necessary for effective teaching and learning.
Vedanta Philosophy - Metaphysics, Epistemology & Axiology Sahin SahariThe document discusses Vedanta philosophy, outlining its metaphysics, epistemology, and axiology, and highlights key figures such as Badarayana and Shankara. It elaborates on the concept of Brahman as the ultimate reality, and details the distinctions between temporal and spiritual knowledge. Additionally, it presents various sub-schools of Vedanta, including Advaita and Dvaita, emphasizing the importance of self-realization and moral conduct in the pursuit of the highest good.
Metaphysics of samkhya philosophySahin SahariThe Samkhya philosophy, as discussed by Sahin Sahari, is an atheistic metaphysical system that denies the existence of a god and asserts that the universe is real and derived from two fundamental elements: prakruti (nature) and purusha (soul). It outlines 25 elements constituting the universe, detailing the roles of purusha, prakruti, mahat (cosmic intelligence), and the different types of ahamkara (ego). The philosophy emphasizes that every effect has a cause, following the principle of satkaryavad, and explores the intricacies of consciousness and the material world.
Sri aurobindoVijayalakshmi MurugesanThe document outlines the educational philosophies of Sri Aurobindo, emphasizing a holistic approach to education that incorporates spiritual development and personal growth. Key principles include child-centered learning, the importance of mother-tongue education, and the development of a child's latent powers through engaging and morally-grounded curricula. Additionally, it describes Aurobindo's transformation from a politician to a philosopher, highlighting his contributions to educational practices at the Sri Aurobindo Ashram in Pondicherry.
role of educational technology in CCEEducational Learner1. Continuous and comprehensive evaluation (CCE) assesses students on an ongoing basis throughout the year, covering both academic and non-academic areas.
2. Formative evaluation provides feedback during the learning process to improve, while summative evaluation assesses learning at the end to determine grades.
3. Educational technology helps teachers determine content and methods, and evaluate whether students have learned, playing an important role in CCE by analyzing needs, designing instruction, and providing feedback to improve learning.
Levels of teachingPoojaWalia6This document discusses three levels of teaching: memory, understanding, and reflective.
The memory level focuses on rote memorization of facts with little student thinking. Understanding level goes beyond memorization to help students comprehend relationships between facts and principles. Students can generalize rules and apply knowledge.
The reflective level, not discussed in detail, is the most thoughtful level. It involves critically analyzing, evaluating, and creating new ideas. Psychological theories like conditioning and connectionism influence the different levels. Each level has strengths and weaknesses for student learning.
Understanding Disciplinespoonam sharmaThe document outlines the B.Ed. 107 course content, focusing on understanding discipline, subjects, and pedagogic practices within educational contexts. It covers knowledge construction, methodologies of inquiry, the distinction between knowledge and information, and the significance of interdisciplinary studies. Suggested readings and practical assignments are also provided for deeper engagement with the topics discussed.
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)Thanavathi CThis document contains contact information for Dr. C. Thanavathi, an Assistant Professor of History, as well as information on her educational qualifications. It also lists 10 objectives of the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA), a scheme aimed at improving access to and quality of secondary education in India. Finally, it outlines several challenges to achieving universal secondary education, such as lack of parental support and motivation, poverty, child marriage, and absenteeism.
Rabindra nath tagore bedPINKYVARSHNEYRabindranath Tagore, born in 1891, was a multifaceted genius known for his contributions as a poet, dramatist, philosopher, and painter, receiving the Nobel Prize in 1913. He emphasized education in natural surroundings, advocating for creative self-expression, freedom, and moral development, while believing that true education fosters love and connection among living beings. Tagore's educational philosophy included experiential learning through activities, trips, and the nurturing of a global perspective, evident in his establishment of Visva-Bharati University.
Relative Roles of Knower and the Known in knowledge transmission and construc...Kshetrimayum Sajina DeviThis document discusses the relative roles of the knower and the known in the transmission and construction of knowledge. It argues that knowledge is created through the dynamic interaction between individuals and their environment. The process of knowing connects the knower to the known through senses, language, culture and intellectual processes like analysis and synthesis. The relationship between the knower and the known determines the nature and level of knowledge gained.
Reimer (2016): The journalist turned brand. How reporters build their profile...Julius ReimerThe document discusses the importance of personal branding for journalists, highlighting how they can build their profiles and differentiate themselves within the industry. It explores various dimensions of a journalist's brand, including specialization versus generalization, reporting style, and presentation techniques, and emphasizes the role of meta-communication in enhancing their visibility and reputation. Strategies are suggested for effectively combining different branding elements to meet the expectations of various target audiences.
approaches &strategies of teachingDr.Sanjeev KumarThe document discusses different approaches to learning and teaching, including teacher-centered vs learner-centered, and teacher-controlled vs learner-controlled vs group-controlled. It outlines strategies for each approach, such as lecture and demonstration for teacher-centered autocratic strategies, and group discussion/debate for learner-centered democratic strategies. Learning experiences are defined as those that positively shape behavior, and can be provided through formal curricular and co-curricular activities. Expository and inquiry approaches are also discussed, along with strategies for each like lecture and discussion for expository and concept formation for inquiry.
UNOsmangla77The United Nations was established in 1945 with 51 founding member countries committed to maintaining international peace. It currently has 192 member states. The UN has four main principles: maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, cooperating to address global problems, and promoting human rights. The UN's main bodies include the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, Secretariat, and International Court of Justice. The General Assembly is the main deliberative body composed of all member states and handles budgets, admissions, and other issues. The Security Council works to maintain peace and security and has five permanent members. Specialized agencies like the WHO and World Bank are also linked to but autonomous from the UN.
Tajmahalmumal1992The Taj Mahal was commissioned by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan as a mausoleum for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. Construction began in 1632 AD and took nearly 20 years to complete. The extensive complex covers over 22 hectares and includes gardens, subsidiary buildings, and tombs. At the center of the complex is the white marble Taj Mahal mausoleum, which houses the cenotaphs and actual graves of Mumtaz and Shah Jahan. The Taj Mahal is renowned for its intricate decorative elements and geometric symmetry, and remains one of the most beautiful buildings in the world.
Ppt mahatma gandhiTypewriter98Mohandas Gandhi was born in 1869 in Gujarat, India. He faced racism as a lawyer in South Africa, which turned him toward non-violent activism. He led non-violent campaigns for Indian rights in South Africa and then India that weakened British control and ultimately led to India's independence, though the country was partitioned, leading to violence. Gandhi continued non-violent campaigns and fasts to reduce tensions until his assassination in 1948.
The Teaching Learning Process: Intro, Phases, Definitions, Theories and Model...Monica P-CThe document discusses the teaching-learning process, emphasizing that it is a goal-oriented framework where effective teaching leads to intended learning outcomes. It outlines different teaching methods and strategies, focusing on the importance of planning, implementation, and evaluation to enhance student engagement and learning. It also highlights the significance of aligning teaching styles with learners' needs and the essential role of reflection in the teaching process.
Teaching & Learning Jagpreet Kaur SodiTeaching and learning is a process that includes many variables. These variables interact as learners work toward their goals and incorporate new knowledge, behaviours, and skills that add to their range of learning experiences.
This document includes the following elements:
- Teaching
- Learning
- Relationship between teaching and learning
- Phases of teaching
- Principles of teaching
understanding disciplines and subjects.pptxDiksha VermaIndicators of quality learning
Teaching and learning as interactive process
Major issues in classroom learning; catering individual differences
Learning beyond textbooks- other sources of learning
Formative and Summative AssessmentSampark Acharya“Assessment of Learning is the assessment that becomes public and results in statements or symbols about how well students are learning. It often contributes to pivotal decisions that will affect students’ futures. It is important, then, that the underlying logic and measurement of assessment of learning be credible and defensible.”
अधिगम का आकलन वह आकलन है जो सार्वजनिक होता है और छात्रों के अधिगम के की व्याख्या शब्दों अथवा प्रतीकों के रूप में करता है। यह अक्सर विद्यार्थियों के भविष्य से सम्बंधित महत्वपूर्ण निर्णयन में सहायक होता है। यह तब और भी महत्वपूर्ण हो जाता है जब अधिगम के आकलन का माप और उसमे अन्तर्निहित तर्क विश्वसनीय और रक्षात्मक हो।”
C 3 unit 1 learnng basicsDr.Sanjeev KumarThe document discusses various aspects of learning including definitions, types, processes, domains, levels, taxonomies, and theories. It provides definitions of learning from different scholars such as Gates, Guilford, and Crow & Crow. It lists examples of learning like writing the alphabet, sewing clothes, and translating between languages. It discusses learning as an activity, process, outcome, and habit formation. It also outlines the nature of learning, different types, the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains, and Bloom's and Krathwohl and Anderson's taxonomies of learning objectives. Finally, it briefly introduces learning theories and their classification into behavioral and cognitive categories.
Barriers to effective communication ppt.Dr.Sanjeev KumarThis document discusses barriers to communication in 3 paragraphs. Physiological, social/cultural/ethical, and linguistic barriers are identified. Physiological barriers result from human limitations. Social barriers include conformity, while cultural barriers arise from different group norms. Ethical barriers occur when individuals cannot voice dissent. Linguistic barriers include differences in language, dialect, technical terms, and slang between groups. Overcoming barriers requires considering the receiver, message delivery skills, and feedback.
Factor affecting learningDr.Sanjeev KumarThere are several key factors that can affect learning:
1) Factors related to the learner themselves, including their physical and mental abilities, potential, health, interests, attitudes, intelligence, prior knowledge, and motivation.
2) Factors related to the teacher, such as their mastery of the subject matter, teaching skills, ability to understand learners, teaching approaches, content selection, organization, linking new concepts to old, balancing theory and practice, providing feedback, and transferring learning.
3) Environmental and working conditions that can impact learning, like the physical environment, socio-emotional climate, facilities, class size, noise levels, schedules, staff coordination, and basic resources.
Motivation and learning pptDr.Sanjeev KumarMotivation is driven by the need to maintain energy balance. All behavior requires energy expenditure. A hungry man walks further to find food, a student studies longer for an exam, and a father works more hours to pay for his son's education, all due to motivation. Motivation can be intrinsic or extrinsic. It is difficult to directly observe but is evident through sustained energy, persistence and variability in behavior. Teachers can motivate students using techniques like rewards and praise, competition and cooperation, emphasizing success, and providing models. The key is focusing on goals, encouraging positive motives, and creating a supportive learning environment.
Meaning of goals ,aims and objectivesDr.Sanjeev KumarGoals and aims are broad terms that are achievable over the long term. Goals are more specific than aims. Objectives are specific statements of actions that will result in observable changes in learners. The aim of education is the all-round development of individuals so they can contribute to society. Goals, such as becoming a teacher, doctor, or engineer, are ways individuals can work toward the broad aim of social reform. Objectives, like gaining subject competence and understanding pedagogy, are the specific steps needed to achieve a goal like becoming a good teacher. Aims are very broad and comprehensive, informed by philosophy and societal expectations, while objectives are narrower and specific steps informed by psychology to guide learners
1. शिक्षण क्या?
• दूसरे को सीखने के शिए ददिा ननदेि देने तथा
अन्य प्रकार से उन्हें ननदेशित करने की प्रक्रिया
को शिक्षण कहा जाता है|
• शिक्षण एक उद्देश्य ननदेशित क्रिया है जो
अधिगम हेतु भूख
जगानेवािा,मागगदिगक,उत्साहविगक तथा ददिाबोिक
है |
• ऐसी प्रक्रिया है जजसके प्रारूप एवं संचािन की
व्यवस्था इसशिए की जाती है जजससे छात्रों के
व्यवहारों में पररवतगन िाया जा सके |
2. जारी---------
• शिक्षण प्रक्रियाओं की ऐसी व्यवस्था है जजसमे एक
व्यजक्त दूसरे को ज्ञान प्रदान करने के शिए
शिक्षण के कायग को संपन्न करने के शिए अनेक
प्रकार की क्रियायें करता है और छात्रों के व्यवहार
में वांनछत पररवतगन िेन का प्रयास करता है|
• सभी शिक्षण का अथग है सीखने में वृद्धि करना
• यह दो तरफ़ा सम्प्प्रेषण की ऐसी प्रक्रिया है जजसमे
छात्र-शिक्षक अंतरवैयजक्तक प्रभावों से सीखने में
िाशमि रहते हैं
3. शिक्षण की मान्यतायें----
सभी व्यजक्त एक-दूसरे से शिक्षा ग्रहण करते हैं|
यह अन्तः सम्प्बन्ि की प्रक्रिया है जो अनुदेिक
द्वारा अध्येता के व्यवहार पर बि देती है|
जहााँ शिक्षण होगा वहााँ अधिगम होगा ही |
इसमें दो तरफ़ा सम्प्प्रेषण की महत्ता होती है|
यह अन्तः सम्प्बन्ि क्रिया,बहुस्तरीय,ननयोजजत
क्रिया है |
इसमें दो अननवायग पक्ष होते हैं –
सीखने वािा ,शसखाने वािा
4. शिक्षण की प्रकृ नत
प्रभावकारी एवं व्यवजस्थत.
समस्त प्रक्रियाओं का आिार मनोववज्ञान .
किा एवं ववज्ञान
क्रिया एवं प्रक्रिया भी
सांके नतक,क्रियात्मक तथा िाजददक व्यवहार
ननदहत
शिक्षण कायग का अशभप्राय ज्ञान प्रदान करने व
मागगदिगन से है
मूितः यह कौििात्मक क्रिया है
5. अच्छी शिक्षण की वविेषताएाँ ---
• अच्छी शिक्षण व्यवस्था /में -------
वांछनीय(required) सूचना दी जाती है
अध्येता क्रियािीि बना रहता है,उनमे जानने
की भूख बढती है ,
िोकताजन्त्रक आदिों पर आिाररत होता है
आदेिात्मक की वजाय ननदेिात्मक होता है
ननदानात्मक व उपचारात्मक होती है
शिक्षक एक अच्छे शमत्र,सुगमकताग,ननदेिक
रूप में कायग करता है
ननयोजजत होती है
6. • यह नछपी प्रनतभा को उजागर करती है
• अच्छे शिक्षण में स्पष्टता होती है
• अच्छा शिक्षण छात्रों के पूवग ज्ञान का ख्याि
करता है|
7. शिक्षण की अवस्थायें--------
• पूरी शिक्षण प्रक्रिया के तीन बड़े दहस्से होते हैं.
• Jackson के अनुसार ये तीन phase हैं-----
पूवग क्रियात्मक अवस्था (pre active phase .)
अन्तः-क्रियात्मक अवस्था (interactive phase.)
पश्च क्रियात्मक अवस्था (post active phase.)
8. Pre active phase of teaching needs—
पूवग क्रियात्मक शिक्षण अवस्था की जरूरते
पाठ ननयोजन ---
क्या पढ़ना है?
क्रकतना पढ़ना है?
कै से पढाना है?
-ववधि
-सहायक सामग्री/TLM क्या
-समय प्रबंिन
उक्त सभी को –
दृजष्टगत करना,ननणगय िेना ,तैयारी व संगदठत
करना (visualize,decision making,preparation &
organization)
9. Interactive phase of teaching needs
अन्तः क्रियात्मक शिक्षण अवस्था की जरूरते
• प्रत्यक्षीकरण(perception)
• ननदान (diagnosis)
• प्रनतक्रियात्मक प्रक्रियाएं (reactive processes)
Task------
1. छात्रों को समझना ,पूवग ज्ञान,ज्ञान स्तर की पहचान
करना ,क्षमता/योग्यता जानना तथा स्तारानुरूप शिक्षण
प्रदान करना
2.मुख्य प्रस्तुनत अंतगगत—पाठ के स्वरुप
---पाठ सन्दभग
----पाठ िम पर ध्यान
----योजनानुरूप TLP पर ध्यान
3.प्रनतपुजष्ट तथा पुनबगिन
10. पश्च क्रियावस्था की जरूरते
Post active phase of teaching needs--
• वास्तववक पररवतगनों की तुिना अपेक्षक्षत
व्यवहार पररवतगन से करना
• मूलयांकन की उपयुक्त प्रववधि का चयन
• प्राप्त पररणाम के आिार पर पुनशिगक्षण का
ननणगय िेना
• उपचारात्मक शिक्षण हेतु ननणगय िे पाना