VITAL SIGN.pptBijayaSaha5Vital signs include temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. They are called "vital" because they are regulated by vital organs and reveal changes in body function. Monitoring vital signs allows detection of changes in a patient's condition from treatment or illness and can provide diagnostic information. Normal ranges are provided for adults, with rates varying by age. Factors like emotions, activity level, and medications can cause variations. Regular monitoring of vital signs is important for assessing patient health and treatment effectiveness.
Fundamental of Nursing 4. : Vital SignsParya J. AhmadThis document provides information on vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It discusses normal ranges for these signs and factors that can influence them. Specific methods for measuring each vital sign are described along with typical equipment. Temperature can be taken orally, axillary, rectally, or via tympanic membrane and normal range is 36.2-37.2C. Pulse is measured via palpation or auscultation of arteries and normal rate is 60-100 beats/min. The document is intended to educate nursing students on the fundamentals of assessing and recording vital signs.
Minor aliments pptKAVITA PALThe document discusses minor ailments that can be treated by nurses, including fever, cough, sore throat, eye issues, earaches, convulsions, diarrhea, constipation, skin rashes, wounds, burns, animal bites, snake bites, scabies, fractures, anemia, edema, nosebleeds, and shock. For each ailment, it provides guidance on assessment, treatment, and when to refer to a primary health center or hospital. It emphasizes collecting a full health history, monitoring vital signs, identifying problems, providing nursing care, educating patients, and making referrals when needed.
Standard Precaution.pptmanjulakarunarathneStandard precautions are guidelines that all healthcare workers should follow at all times with all patients to reduce the transmission of infections. They include hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, cleaning and disinfection of patient care equipment, environmental cleaning, and proper handling of linens and sharps. Additional precautions, including airborne, droplet and contact precautions, may be required for patients known or suspected to have certain infectious diseases to interrupt their transmission. These involve isolation techniques tailored to the pathogen's mode of transmission.
Positioning a patientBinitabhattarai12The document discusses various positions for positioning patients in bed, including:
- Supine, prone, lateral, Sims, Fowler's, semi-Fowler's, Trendelenburg, lithotomy, dorsal recumbent, and knee-chest positions.
It describes the purposes and principles of positioning patients, and provides details on each position, such as how the patient is placed and when each position is used, like Fowler's position being used to relieve dyspnea and improve circulation.
The document also includes multiple choice questions to test knowledge of positioning, such as semi-Fowler's being the best position for cardiac patients and lithotomy position being used for baby delivery.
Vital signsambika bagoraThis document discusses vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It provides details on normal ranges, methods of measurement, and factors that impact vital signs assessments. Key points include:
- Vital signs reflect physiological status and health condition. Frequency of assessment depends on patient's condition, being more often for critical patients.
- Normal temperature ranges from 36.4-37.6°C depending on measurement site. Methods include glass, electronic, disposable, and tympanic thermometers.
- Pulse is measured at different sites and normal rate is 60-100 bpm. Characteristics like rhythm, strength and irregularities provide clinical information.
- Respiration rate for adults is 14-
The techniques of physical examinationArsi University, Asella, Ethiopia This document provides guidance on techniques for performing a physical examination. It outlines the main techniques used which are inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation, and sometimes olfaction. It then describes each technique in detail, how to perform it, and what areas of the body each is used to examine. The goal is to gather clinical data about the patient's physical health and identify any abnormalities.
bandages.pptxMonika Devi NRThe document discusses bandaging techniques for wounds and injuries. It defines what a bandage is and its purposes, which include controlling bleeding, immobilizing injured body parts, and protecting wounds. It describes different types of bandages like roller bandages, and techniques like circular, spiral and figure-of-eight bandaging. Key steps in bandaging properly include cleaning and supporting the injured area, applying even pressure, and securing the bandage. Special bandages are described for areas like eyes, ears, and shoulders. Proper bandaging is important for wound care and healing.
HandwashingJosfeena BashirDemonstration on Medical Hand Washing
Prepared By
Josfeena Bashir
Lecturer, BGSBU,Jammu
Definition
Hand washing is important in every setting, including hospital. It is an effective infection control measures, as it prevent spread of micro organisms. For routine client care, the CDC recommends a vigorous hand washing under a stream of water for at least 10 seconds using soap.
Purpose
To remove transient and resident bacteria from fingers, hand and forearms.
To prevent the risk of transmission of infection to patients.
To reduce the risk of transmission of infection organisms to oneself.
To prevent cross infection among clients.
Equipments/ Articles Used For Hand Washing
Soap in a soap dish
Bacteriocidal or antimicrobial soap.
Surgical scrub brush
Running water
Towel/ sterile towels
Medical hand washingSteps of procedure
File the nails short, ensure the nails are free of nail polish.
Removal all jewellery and wrist watch.
Wet hands from wrist to fingertips under flowing water.
Keep hand and forearms lower than elbows during washing.
Contd…..
Place soap, preferably bacteriostatic, on hands and rub vigorously for 15 to 30 seconds, massing all skin areas, joints, fingernails, between fingers and so forth; slid ring up and down while rubbing fingers ( if unable to remove)
Rinse hands by holding the hands lower than the elbow so that water flows from arm to finger tips.
Dry hands with paper from towel, moving from fingers to wrist to forearm.
Conclusion
Hand washing is important in every setting, including hospital. It is an effective infection control measures, as it prevent spread of micro organisms
Vital signs Procedure.pdfVeereshDemashettiThis document provides information on assessing and recording a patient's vital signs, which include temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. The normal ranges for each vital sign are defined. The procedures for measuring each vital sign using the appropriate equipment are described in detail, including required materials, patient positioning, and recording the results. Maintaining sterility and following proper technique is emphasized.
vitalsign-130512065540-phpapp02 (1).pptxZahidHussain49964Vital signs measurements include temperature, pulse, respiration rate, and blood pressure. The document outlines procedures for assessing each vital sign, factors that influence them, common equipment used, and reasons for taking vital signs. Normal ranges are provided for each sign. Temperature can be taken orally, rectally, in the ear or armpit. Pulse is usually assessed at the wrist or neck and factors like exercise can influence rate. Respiration rate is observed by chest or abdominal movement and varies by age. Blood pressure includes systolic and diastolic measurements taken using a cuff and stethoscope.
physical assessment By Nuzhata.pptxNuzhata ShahThe document discusses physical assessment, which involves systematically collecting objective information about a patient through examination techniques like inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. It outlines the purpose, indications, techniques, and safety precautions for each examination method. It also discusses positioning and draping patients, necessary equipment, and preparing patients for examination to make them comfortable both emotionally and physically.
Vital signs - Temperature MonitoringArsi University, Asella, Ethiopia This document summarizes information about body temperature measurement and regulation. It discusses that body temperature is determined by the balance of heat production and heat loss. The core temperature is most important to maintain for organ function. Temperature can be measured orally, axillary, tympanically, or rectally using various types of thermometers. Many factors like environment, activity level, and illness can affect one's temperature. The hypothalamus controls thermoregulation to keep the body at its set point temperature through sweating, shivering, and blood vessel constriction/dilation.
Care of Equipment_Abhijit.pptxABHIJIT BHOYARThis document discusses the importance of cleanliness in hospitals and provides guidance on cleaning various items. It emphasizes that hospitals require more stringent cleaning than homes due to pathogenic organisms. Nurses must be trained in proper cleaning techniques and the purpose of cleanliness is to prevent infection and provide a sanitary environment. Detailed cleaning instructions are provided for items like beds, bedpans, urinals, glassware, syringes, instruments, rubber goods, linen and more. Principles of cleaning like planning, dusting techniques and care of specific items are outlined.
Hand washingAmrutha nayakaThis document discusses hand washing in a healthcare setting. It defines hand washing as cleansing hands with soap and water to remove dirt, soil, and microorganisms. The purpose of hand washing is to prevent cross-infection and the spread of disease. Proper hand washing technique involves preparing hands, washing for 40-60 seconds using various motions, rinsing, and drying. There are also different types of hand washing for medical and surgical purposes.
Essential new born caremohanasundariskroseThis document defines a healthy newborn and outlines essential immediate care including cutting the cord, clearing the airway, providing warmth, identification, breastfeeding, and weighing. It also describes daily routine care such as cord care, eye care, breastfeeding, warmth, bathing, clothing, weight recording, and immunizations. The document lists some minor disorders in newborns like cradle cap, milia, nappy rash, jaundice, and nasal blockage. It cautions against harmful traditional practices for newborns.
Hygienic needsjega jeraldinThe document provides information on hygienic needs and oral hygiene care. It discusses the importance of hygiene for patient health and comfort. Different types of baths are described, including complete bed baths, partial baths, and sitz baths used to clean specific areas. Step-by-step procedures are outlined for administering bed baths and providing oral care. Maintaining proper hygiene is indicated for bedridden patients and those who are unconscious or have limited mobility.
Fundamental of Nursing 5. : Vital Signs Cont.Parya J. AhmadThe document discusses vital signs including respiration, blood pressure, and sites for assessing temperature. It describes how to assess respiration by counting breaths per minute and evaluating rhythm and depth. Blood pressure is defined as the force required by the heart to pump blood, with systolic pressure occurring during heartbeats and diastolic pressure between beats. Methods for measuring blood pressure include the auscultatory method using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer as well as the palpatory method. Common sites for assessing temperature include the mouth, axilla, tympanic membrane, rectum, and bladder.
BACK CARE.pptxsutha.s AnanthBack care involves cleaning and massaging the back to improve circulation, relieve pain and stress, and prevent bedsores. It includes techniques like effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, friction, hacking, and clapping. The back is washed, massaged with lotion for 3-5 minutes, and dressed. Any abnormalities are reported to improve coordination of care. Proper techniques and precautions are followed to safely relax the client and stimulate skin and circulation.
Bandages and its typesHNBGUBandages are used for covering wounds, applying pressure to control bleeding, and supporting injuries or medical devices. There are three main types of bandages: roller bandages, tubular bandages, and triangular bandages. Each serves a specific purpose like immobilization or creating slings. There are also several basic bandaging techniques like circular, spiral, and figure-of-eight bandages that are used to securely wrap different parts of the body. Proper bandaging is necessary for wound treatment and injury management.
Installing nasal drops.pptxMohammedAbdela7This document provides instructions for administering nose drops and using nasal inhalers. It discusses the purposes of nasal medications, proper techniques for instilling nose drops including client positioning and use of atomizers/aerosols, teaching clients how to use inhalation devices, and assessing their ability to use devices properly. Key steps include blowing nose first, tilting head back, squeezing dropper once into nostril, keeping client supine for absorption, and observing for side effects.
introductiontosociology-140204031026-phpapp02.pdfShakeelSarwar6Sociology is defined as the scientific study of human society and social interactions. It examines how groups and individuals are influenced by social structures and culture. The document outlines two perspectives on the scope of sociology - the specialist/formalistic school which views sociology as confined to studying certain aspects of human relationships, and the synthetic school which sees sociology as a general science that studies all human interactions and society. Key thinkers from each school such as Durkheim, Hobhouse, and Sorokin are discussed in regards to their views on defining the nature and scope of sociology.
Body TemperatureCikbungazafieya ZawaniThis document discusses body temperature measurement. It describes the purposes of measuring body temperature as detecting fever, hypothermia, or hyperthermia. It also notes additional purposes like monitoring medicine effectiveness and planning pregnancy. The document outlines normal temperature ranges and describes common sites and types of thermometers for taking measurements, including mercury/glass, electronic/digital, chemical strips, infrared, and temporal artery thermometers. It provides steps for properly taking temperature with an infrared ear thermometer.
bandages.pptxMonika Devi NRThe document discusses bandaging techniques for wounds and injuries. It defines what a bandage is and its purposes, which include controlling bleeding, immobilizing injured body parts, and protecting wounds. It describes different types of bandages like roller bandages, and techniques like circular, spiral and figure-of-eight bandaging. Key steps in bandaging properly include cleaning and supporting the injured area, applying even pressure, and securing the bandage. Special bandages are described for areas like eyes, ears, and shoulders. Proper bandaging is important for wound care and healing.
HandwashingJosfeena BashirDemonstration on Medical Hand Washing
Prepared By
Josfeena Bashir
Lecturer, BGSBU,Jammu
Definition
Hand washing is important in every setting, including hospital. It is an effective infection control measures, as it prevent spread of micro organisms. For routine client care, the CDC recommends a vigorous hand washing under a stream of water for at least 10 seconds using soap.
Purpose
To remove transient and resident bacteria from fingers, hand and forearms.
To prevent the risk of transmission of infection to patients.
To reduce the risk of transmission of infection organisms to oneself.
To prevent cross infection among clients.
Equipments/ Articles Used For Hand Washing
Soap in a soap dish
Bacteriocidal or antimicrobial soap.
Surgical scrub brush
Running water
Towel/ sterile towels
Medical hand washingSteps of procedure
File the nails short, ensure the nails are free of nail polish.
Removal all jewellery and wrist watch.
Wet hands from wrist to fingertips under flowing water.
Keep hand and forearms lower than elbows during washing.
Contd…..
Place soap, preferably bacteriostatic, on hands and rub vigorously for 15 to 30 seconds, massing all skin areas, joints, fingernails, between fingers and so forth; slid ring up and down while rubbing fingers ( if unable to remove)
Rinse hands by holding the hands lower than the elbow so that water flows from arm to finger tips.
Dry hands with paper from towel, moving from fingers to wrist to forearm.
Conclusion
Hand washing is important in every setting, including hospital. It is an effective infection control measures, as it prevent spread of micro organisms
Vital signs Procedure.pdfVeereshDemashettiThis document provides information on assessing and recording a patient's vital signs, which include temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. The normal ranges for each vital sign are defined. The procedures for measuring each vital sign using the appropriate equipment are described in detail, including required materials, patient positioning, and recording the results. Maintaining sterility and following proper technique is emphasized.
vitalsign-130512065540-phpapp02 (1).pptxZahidHussain49964Vital signs measurements include temperature, pulse, respiration rate, and blood pressure. The document outlines procedures for assessing each vital sign, factors that influence them, common equipment used, and reasons for taking vital signs. Normal ranges are provided for each sign. Temperature can be taken orally, rectally, in the ear or armpit. Pulse is usually assessed at the wrist or neck and factors like exercise can influence rate. Respiration rate is observed by chest or abdominal movement and varies by age. Blood pressure includes systolic and diastolic measurements taken using a cuff and stethoscope.
physical assessment By Nuzhata.pptxNuzhata ShahThe document discusses physical assessment, which involves systematically collecting objective information about a patient through examination techniques like inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. It outlines the purpose, indications, techniques, and safety precautions for each examination method. It also discusses positioning and draping patients, necessary equipment, and preparing patients for examination to make them comfortable both emotionally and physically.
Vital signs - Temperature MonitoringArsi University, Asella, Ethiopia This document summarizes information about body temperature measurement and regulation. It discusses that body temperature is determined by the balance of heat production and heat loss. The core temperature is most important to maintain for organ function. Temperature can be measured orally, axillary, tympanically, or rectally using various types of thermometers. Many factors like environment, activity level, and illness can affect one's temperature. The hypothalamus controls thermoregulation to keep the body at its set point temperature through sweating, shivering, and blood vessel constriction/dilation.
Care of Equipment_Abhijit.pptxABHIJIT BHOYARThis document discusses the importance of cleanliness in hospitals and provides guidance on cleaning various items. It emphasizes that hospitals require more stringent cleaning than homes due to pathogenic organisms. Nurses must be trained in proper cleaning techniques and the purpose of cleanliness is to prevent infection and provide a sanitary environment. Detailed cleaning instructions are provided for items like beds, bedpans, urinals, glassware, syringes, instruments, rubber goods, linen and more. Principles of cleaning like planning, dusting techniques and care of specific items are outlined.
Hand washingAmrutha nayakaThis document discusses hand washing in a healthcare setting. It defines hand washing as cleansing hands with soap and water to remove dirt, soil, and microorganisms. The purpose of hand washing is to prevent cross-infection and the spread of disease. Proper hand washing technique involves preparing hands, washing for 40-60 seconds using various motions, rinsing, and drying. There are also different types of hand washing for medical and surgical purposes.
Essential new born caremohanasundariskroseThis document defines a healthy newborn and outlines essential immediate care including cutting the cord, clearing the airway, providing warmth, identification, breastfeeding, and weighing. It also describes daily routine care such as cord care, eye care, breastfeeding, warmth, bathing, clothing, weight recording, and immunizations. The document lists some minor disorders in newborns like cradle cap, milia, nappy rash, jaundice, and nasal blockage. It cautions against harmful traditional practices for newborns.
Hygienic needsjega jeraldinThe document provides information on hygienic needs and oral hygiene care. It discusses the importance of hygiene for patient health and comfort. Different types of baths are described, including complete bed baths, partial baths, and sitz baths used to clean specific areas. Step-by-step procedures are outlined for administering bed baths and providing oral care. Maintaining proper hygiene is indicated for bedridden patients and those who are unconscious or have limited mobility.
Fundamental of Nursing 5. : Vital Signs Cont.Parya J. AhmadThe document discusses vital signs including respiration, blood pressure, and sites for assessing temperature. It describes how to assess respiration by counting breaths per minute and evaluating rhythm and depth. Blood pressure is defined as the force required by the heart to pump blood, with systolic pressure occurring during heartbeats and diastolic pressure between beats. Methods for measuring blood pressure include the auscultatory method using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer as well as the palpatory method. Common sites for assessing temperature include the mouth, axilla, tympanic membrane, rectum, and bladder.
BACK CARE.pptxsutha.s AnanthBack care involves cleaning and massaging the back to improve circulation, relieve pain and stress, and prevent bedsores. It includes techniques like effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, friction, hacking, and clapping. The back is washed, massaged with lotion for 3-5 minutes, and dressed. Any abnormalities are reported to improve coordination of care. Proper techniques and precautions are followed to safely relax the client and stimulate skin and circulation.
Bandages and its typesHNBGUBandages are used for covering wounds, applying pressure to control bleeding, and supporting injuries or medical devices. There are three main types of bandages: roller bandages, tubular bandages, and triangular bandages. Each serves a specific purpose like immobilization or creating slings. There are also several basic bandaging techniques like circular, spiral, and figure-of-eight bandages that are used to securely wrap different parts of the body. Proper bandaging is necessary for wound treatment and injury management.
Installing nasal drops.pptxMohammedAbdela7This document provides instructions for administering nose drops and using nasal inhalers. It discusses the purposes of nasal medications, proper techniques for instilling nose drops including client positioning and use of atomizers/aerosols, teaching clients how to use inhalation devices, and assessing their ability to use devices properly. Key steps include blowing nose first, tilting head back, squeezing dropper once into nostril, keeping client supine for absorption, and observing for side effects.
introductiontosociology-140204031026-phpapp02.pdfShakeelSarwar6Sociology is defined as the scientific study of human society and social interactions. It examines how groups and individuals are influenced by social structures and culture. The document outlines two perspectives on the scope of sociology - the specialist/formalistic school which views sociology as confined to studying certain aspects of human relationships, and the synthetic school which sees sociology as a general science that studies all human interactions and society. Key thinkers from each school such as Durkheim, Hobhouse, and Sorokin are discussed in regards to their views on defining the nature and scope of sociology.
Body TemperatureCikbungazafieya ZawaniThis document discusses body temperature measurement. It describes the purposes of measuring body temperature as detecting fever, hypothermia, or hyperthermia. It also notes additional purposes like monitoring medicine effectiveness and planning pregnancy. The document outlines normal temperature ranges and describes common sites and types of thermometers for taking measurements, including mercury/glass, electronic/digital, chemical strips, infrared, and temporal artery thermometers. It provides steps for properly taking temperature with an infrared ear thermometer.
ريادة الاعمال الباب الرابع.أ.د. هاني عاطفHany Atefدراسة الجدوى للمشروعات الصغيرة
دراسة الجدوى هي العملية التي تهدف إلى تقييم ما إذا كان المشروع سيحقق النجاح المالي والتشغيلي المتوقع أم لا. تعتبر دراسة الجدوى خطوة أساسية في عملية تأسيس المشروعات الصغيرة، حيث تساهم في تحديد مدى قابلية المشروع للتنفيذ وتساعد في اتخاذ قرارات مستنيرة بشأن الاستثمار والموارد.
أهمية دراسة الجدوى للمشروعات الصغيرة
تحديد قابلية الفكرة:تساهم دراسة الجدوى في التأكد من أن فكرة المشروع قابلة للتنفيذ وتلبي حاجة في السوق.
تقييم المخاطر:تساعد في تحديد المخاطر المحتملة التي قد تواجه المشروع، مما يتيح لرائد الأعمال التعامل معها بشكل مسبق.
تحديد الاحتياجات المالية:من خلال دراسة الجدوى يمكن تحديد التمويل اللازم لبدء المشروع وتنفيذه بشكل فعال.
تحديد الجدوى المالية:تساهم الدراسة في تقدير الأرباح والعوائد المحتملة للمشروع، مما يساعد في تحديد إذا ما كان المشروع سيكون مربحًا أم لا.
زيادة فرص النجاح:من خلال التحليل الدقيق للعوامل المختلفة، تساعد دراسة الجدوى في تحسين فرصة نجاح المشروع وزيادة فعاليته.
الإبداع والابتكار ريادة الاعمال الباب الثالث الاستاذ الدكتور هاني عاطفHany Atefتعريف الإبداع وأهميته في ريادة الأعمال
تعريف الإبداع
الإبداع هو القدرة على إنتاج أفكار جديدة ومبتكرة، أو إيجاد حلول غير تقليدية لمشاكل قائمة. يتضمن التفكير خارج المألوف والتفكير النقدي لتحويل الأفكار إلى أفعال أو منتجات يمكن أن تضيف قيمة للمجتمع أو السوق. في سياق ريادة الأعمال، الإبداع لا يقتصر فقط على ابتكار منتجات جديدة، بل يشمل أيضًا طرقًا جديدة لإدارة الأعمال، تطوير العمليات، وتحقيق التميز في تقديم الخدمات.
أهمية الإبداع في ريادة الأعمال
التمييز في السوق
في بيئة الأعمال التنافسية، يصبح الإبداع أحد العوامل الرئيسية التي تميز الشركات الناشئة عن منافسيها. ابتكار منتجات جديدة أو تقديم خدمات بطريقة مختلفة يعزز من قدرة المشروع على جذب انتباه العملاء وخلق قيمة مضافة.
حل المشكلات
ريادة الأعمال تتطلب القدرة على حل المشكلات بشكل مبتكر، سواء كانت تتعلق بتلبية احتياجات السوق أو تحسين العمليات الداخلية. الإبداع يساعد رواد الأعمال على إيجاد حلول فعالة للتحديات التي قد تواجههم، مما يعزز استدامة أعمالهم.
تحقيق النمو والابتكار
الأعمال التي تعتمد على الإبداع تكون أكثر قدرة على التكيف مع التغيرات في السوق. الابتكار المستمر لا يؤدي فقط إلى تحسين المنتجات والخدمات، بل يفتح أيضًا آفاقًا جديدة للنمو والتوسع في أسواق جديدة.
جذب المستثمرين
الأفكار الإبداعية تجذب اهتمام المستثمرين، الذين يبحثون عن مشاريع تتمتع بإمكانات نمو عالية وأفكار مبتكرة تميزها عن المنافسين. الاستثمار في الأفكار الجديدة قد يوفر رأس المال اللازم لتطوير الأعمال.
تحقيق التفوق التنافسي
الشركات التي تعتمد على الإبداع تتمكن من تقديم حلول متميزة أو منتجات مبتكرة تمنحها ميزة تنافسية كبيرة. هذا التفوق يساعد في الحفاظ على حصتها السوقية وتوسيع نطاق تأثيرها.
استراتيجيات الابتكار وتطوير الأفكار في ريادة الأعمال
الابتكار هو عنصر أساسي لضمان نجاح المشاريع الريادية والنمو المستدام. يمكن للابتكار أن يكون العامل المميز بين الشركات التي تنجح وتلك التي تفشل. من خلال تبني استراتيجيات مبتكرة لتطوير الأفكار، يمكن لرواد الأعمال التميز في السوق، وحل المشكلات، وتحقيق النمو. فيما يلي استراتيجيات فعالة لتطوير الأفكار والابتكار في ريادة الأعمال:
التفكير التصميمي (Design Thinking)
الشرح:التفكير التصميمي هو منهجية تركز على المستخدم وتساعد على الابتكار عبر خمس مراحل: التعاطف مع المستخدمين، تحديد المشكلة، توليد الأفكار، إنشاء النماذج الأولية، والاختبار.
الفائدة:هذه الاستراتيجية تركز على إيجاد حلول عملية وملموسة للمشاكل من خلال فهم عميق لاحتياجات العملاء، مما يعزز من فعالية الأفكار والمنتجات المطروحة.
كلمات و رسائل المشاركین حول المؤتمر الدولي العاشر حول القضايا الراهنة للغات،...The Annual International Conference on Languages, Linguistics, Translation and Literatureكلمات و رسائل المشاركین
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المؤتمر الدولي العاشر حول القضايا الراهنة للغات، علم اللغة، الترجمة و الأدب
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1. النظافة موضوع عن النظافة ، موضوع عن النظافة الشخصية ، موضوع عن النظافة المدرسية ، موضوع عن النظافة وأهميتها ، موضوع عن النظام المدرسي ، موضوع عن النظافة قصير ، موضوع عن النظافة في المدرسة ، موضوع عن النظافة الجسم ، موضوع عن النظافة باللغة الانجليزية ، موضوع عن النظافة الشخصية و المدرسية و أهميتها المدرسي قصير في المدرسة و الجسم ، موضوع عن النظافة الشخصية و المدرسية و أهميتها المدرسي قصير في المدرسة و الجسم
2. النظافة الشخصية من أهم وسائل المحافظة علي الصحة ، حتى إن الإسلام يعتبرها نصف الأيمان ، إذ يقول الرسول صلي الله عليه وسلم " الطهور شطر الإيمان " ( رواه مسلم عن أبي مالك الأشعري ) . وتشمل النظافة الشخصية : نظافة البدن كله مرة أو مرتين علي الأقل في الأسبوع ، وتنظيف اليدين والفم والأنف والوجه والآذنين والشعر يوميا كما يحدث في الوضوء ، وغسل اليدين قبل الطعام وبعد قضاء الحاجة وبعد ملامسة المرضي ، وتنظيف السبيلين بالماء بعد التبول والتبرز ( الاستنجاء أو الاستطابة ) وهذه عن الرسول صلي الله عليه وسلم فقد قالت السيدة عائشة لنساء المسلمين : " مرن أزواجكن أن يستطيبوا بالماء فإني أستحييهم ، فان رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم كان يفعله ".( رواه الترمذي عن عائشة
3. نظافة المدرسة من نظافتنا : هذه الكلمة يرددها عدد كبير من الطلاب والمدرسين فلا عيب بها ولكن العيب فيمن يرددها بالكلام ولا يرددها بالأفعال . _ نظافة المدرسة كنظافة البيت فهي بعينها البيت الثاني ونظافتها يجب أن تماثل نظافته وتنقسم إلى : نظافة الباحة : بعدم رمي أكياس السيبش والكولا والبسكويت وتمزيق أوراق من الدفاتر أو نقل الحجار لها ... فليس اختراع ذرة إذا أبقى الطالب أو المعلم الورقة بيده حتى يصل إلى سلة القمامة وسلال القمامة الآن تفوق عدد الطلاب .
4. اعداد كل من : سراب عمر نهاية فاخوري حنان الجمل احمد ابو عبيد