Saudi national dayTenaaz MohazinSaudi Arabia is located in Southwest Asia, bordered by the Arabian Gulf, Red Sea, and other countries. It has a population of over 28 million people and its legal system and government are based on Islamic law and tradition. The country relies heavily on oil exports, which account for nearly half of its GDP, budget revenues, and export earnings. Tourism is also a developing industry, attracting religious pilgrims and visitors to historical sites and natural attractions.
الخطوات المبدئية لاستلام أعمال السلامة والصحة المهنية Occupational safety and...دكتور تامر عبدالله شراكىالخطوات المبدئية لاستلام أعمال السلامة والصحة المهنية
Occupational safety and health work
Occupational health and Safety Management ( Arabic Version )Dr. Yousif Eltayeb DESCRIPTION
Introduction
Electric Safety
Fall Protection
Lock out and Tag out
PPE
Excavations
Scaffolds
Stairways & Ladders
Welding & Cutting
Working Safely in Confined Space
Forklifts
Hazard Communications
Radiations
Signs , Signals & Barricades
Cranes Safety
Rigging Safety
Fire Safety (Protection & Prevention )
Compressed Gas Cylinders
Concrete and Masonry
Tools Safety
Accident Prevention
Accident / Incident
Emergency Procedure
Safe Working On Roofs
Traffic
Heat Disorders
BY.
DR. YOUSIF ELTAYEB
الإسعافات الأولية Premiers secours Islem Soualhiلحظة إصابة أي إنسان بحادث يكون في وضعية صعبة جدا تعتبر الحد الفاصل بين الحياة والموت ، لها أهمية كبيرة في حياة الإنسان
وهنا نصل الى استنتاج أهمية التكوين في الاسعافات الأولية لكل فرد في المجتمع : في البيت في الشارع في مكان العمل ... خصوصا وأننا نعيش في عصر السرعة والتكنولوجيا التي تكثر فيه الحوادث
ولأنه لا أحد منا معصوم من الحوادث المفاجئة يدعوكم الهلال الأحمر الجزائري الى التقدم الى مقره والتكوين في الاسعافات الأولية وستجدونا منا انشاء الله الاستقبال الحسن والتكوين الجيد.
Pharmacology .. Treatment of EpilepsyDr.Ebrahim EltanboulyThis document discusses the treatment of epilepsy with anti-epileptic drugs. It lists both older and newer drugs used to treat partial seizures, generalized seizures, and other types of seizures. The drugs are divided based on their mechanism of action, such as blocking or altering sodium channels, inhibiting neurotransmitter release, or altering membrane permeability. Common side effects of anti-epileptic drugs include nausea, vomiting, sedation, and neurological issues; some drugs also have potential for serious side effects like agranulocytosis or fetal abnormalities if taken during pregnancy.
Pharmacology .. Anit-migraine DrugsDr.Ebrahim EltanboulyThis document discusses drugs used to treat migraines. It separates drugs into those for acute attacks and those for prophylaxis. For acute attacks, it lists NSAIDs, anti-emetics, prokinetics, triptans, ergotamine, and opioids. For prophylaxis, it discusses beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, antidepressants, and other drugs that act on serotonin receptors or have other mechanisms of action. It provides information on the pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, uses, and side effects of several representative drugs in each category.
Pharmacology .. Anti-Depressants DrugsDr.Ebrahim EltanboulyThis document discusses different classes of anti-depressant drugs, including:
1) Amine Re-uptake Inhibitors (ARI) such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and heterocyclic antidepressants that work by inhibiting the reuptake of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine.
2) Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) that more selectively inhibit the reuptake of serotonin.
3) Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) like venlafaxine that inhibit the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine.
4) Monoamine
Pharmacology .. Opioid Analgesics (Nacrotic analgesic)Dr.Ebrahim EltanboulyThis document discusses opioid analgesics (narcotic analgesics) including:
- Types of opioid receptors and drugs that act as agonists, partial agonists, or antagonists.
- Pharmacokinetics of common opioid drugs like morphine, methadone, codeine, discussing administration, distribution, metabolism and elimination.
- Main uses of opioids like analgesia for acute and chronic pain, cough suppression, and diarrhea treatment. Side effects include dysphoria, respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, and constipation.
Pharmacology .. Sedative & Hypnotic DrugsDr.Ebrahim EltanboulySedative and hypnotic drugs work by depressing the central nervous system. Sedatives produce calm and relaxation and are used to treat anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep and are used for insomnia. Benzodiazepines are commonly used sedative-hypnotic drugs that work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, causing sedation, sleep induction, anti-anxiety effects, and muscle relaxation. They can cause side effects like drowsiness, confusion, and dependence or addiction with long-term use.
Pharmacology.. Treatment of Peptic UlcerDr.Ebrahim EltanboulyThis document discusses drugs used to treat peptic ulcer. It categorizes the drugs into three groups: 1) drugs affecting gastric acid like antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors, 2) mucosal protective agents like sucralfate, and 3) drugs that eradicate H. pylori like triple therapy and quadruple therapy. It provides details on the pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, uses, and side effects of representative drugs in each category. The document explains that peptic ulcer is caused by an imbalance between protective and damaging factors in the stomach and duodenum.
P H R M A C O L O G Y.. Treatment of CoughDr.Ebrahim EltanboulyThis document discusses the treatment of cough. There are two main types of cough - productive cough which has excess secretions and requires expectorants, and dry cough which has no useful function and requires anti-tussives. Anti-tussives suppress the cough reflex and should not be used if secretions are present. Expectorants work by thinning mucus and improving mucus clearance from the lungs. Common treatments include opioids like codeine, antihistamines, mucolytics to break down mucus, and inhaled medications for local relief.
Pharmacology ..Treatment of AsthmaDr.Ebrahim EltanboulyThis document summarizes drugs used to treat asthma, including bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-leukotrienes, and mast cell stabilizers. Bronchodilators such as salbutamol and terbutaline are β2-adrenergic agonists that bind to receptors to dilate airways. Methylxanthines like theophylline inhibit phosphodiesterases. Ipratropium is an anti-muscarinic that blocks receptors to dilate airways. Anti-inflammatory glucocorticosteroids reduce inflammation. Anti-leukotrienes such as zileuton and montelukast inhibit leukotriene synthesis or block receptors.
Human Anatomy&Physiology Respiratory S.Dr.Ebrahim EltanboulyThe respiratory system has three main functions: gas exchange, pulmonary ventilation, and transport of respiratory gases. It has two main zones - the conducting zone which includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi, and the respiratory zone where gas exchange occurs in the alveoli. Gas exchange takes place across the alveolar-capillary membrane, which is only one cell thick. Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood in the pulmonary capillaries and carbon dioxide moves out of the blood into the alveoli.
Pharmacology .. Treatment of EpilepsyDr.Ebrahim EltanboulyThis document discusses the treatment of epilepsy with anti-epileptic drugs. It lists both older and newer drugs used to treat partial seizures, generalized seizures, and other types of seizures. The drugs are divided based on their mechanism of action, such as blocking or altering sodium channels, inhibiting neurotransmitter release, or altering membrane permeability. Common side effects of anti-epileptic drugs include nausea, vomiting, sedation, and neurological issues; some drugs also have potential for serious side effects like agranulocytosis or fetal abnormalities if taken during pregnancy.
Pharmacology .. Anit-migraine DrugsDr.Ebrahim EltanboulyThis document discusses drugs used to treat migraines. It separates drugs into those for acute attacks and those for prophylaxis. For acute attacks, it lists NSAIDs, anti-emetics, prokinetics, triptans, ergotamine, and opioids. For prophylaxis, it discusses beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, antidepressants, and other drugs that act on serotonin receptors or have other mechanisms of action. It provides information on the pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, uses, and side effects of several representative drugs in each category.
Pharmacology .. Anti-Depressants DrugsDr.Ebrahim EltanboulyThis document discusses different classes of anti-depressant drugs, including:
1) Amine Re-uptake Inhibitors (ARI) such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and heterocyclic antidepressants that work by inhibiting the reuptake of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine.
2) Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) that more selectively inhibit the reuptake of serotonin.
3) Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) like venlafaxine that inhibit the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine.
4) Monoamine
Pharmacology .. Opioid Analgesics (Nacrotic analgesic)Dr.Ebrahim EltanboulyThis document discusses opioid analgesics (narcotic analgesics) including:
- Types of opioid receptors and drugs that act as agonists, partial agonists, or antagonists.
- Pharmacokinetics of common opioid drugs like morphine, methadone, codeine, discussing administration, distribution, metabolism and elimination.
- Main uses of opioids like analgesia for acute and chronic pain, cough suppression, and diarrhea treatment. Side effects include dysphoria, respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, and constipation.
Pharmacology .. Sedative & Hypnotic DrugsDr.Ebrahim EltanboulySedative and hypnotic drugs work by depressing the central nervous system. Sedatives produce calm and relaxation and are used to treat anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep and are used for insomnia. Benzodiazepines are commonly used sedative-hypnotic drugs that work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, causing sedation, sleep induction, anti-anxiety effects, and muscle relaxation. They can cause side effects like drowsiness, confusion, and dependence or addiction with long-term use.
Pharmacology.. Treatment of Peptic UlcerDr.Ebrahim EltanboulyThis document discusses drugs used to treat peptic ulcer. It categorizes the drugs into three groups: 1) drugs affecting gastric acid like antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors, 2) mucosal protective agents like sucralfate, and 3) drugs that eradicate H. pylori like triple therapy and quadruple therapy. It provides details on the pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, uses, and side effects of representative drugs in each category. The document explains that peptic ulcer is caused by an imbalance between protective and damaging factors in the stomach and duodenum.
P H R M A C O L O G Y.. Treatment of CoughDr.Ebrahim EltanboulyThis document discusses the treatment of cough. There are two main types of cough - productive cough which has excess secretions and requires expectorants, and dry cough which has no useful function and requires anti-tussives. Anti-tussives suppress the cough reflex and should not be used if secretions are present. Expectorants work by thinning mucus and improving mucus clearance from the lungs. Common treatments include opioids like codeine, antihistamines, mucolytics to break down mucus, and inhaled medications for local relief.
Pharmacology ..Treatment of AsthmaDr.Ebrahim EltanboulyThis document summarizes drugs used to treat asthma, including bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-leukotrienes, and mast cell stabilizers. Bronchodilators such as salbutamol and terbutaline are β2-adrenergic agonists that bind to receptors to dilate airways. Methylxanthines like theophylline inhibit phosphodiesterases. Ipratropium is an anti-muscarinic that blocks receptors to dilate airways. Anti-inflammatory glucocorticosteroids reduce inflammation. Anti-leukotrienes such as zileuton and montelukast inhibit leukotriene synthesis or block receptors.
Human Anatomy&Physiology Respiratory S.Dr.Ebrahim EltanboulyThe respiratory system has three main functions: gas exchange, pulmonary ventilation, and transport of respiratory gases. It has two main zones - the conducting zone which includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchi, and the respiratory zone where gas exchange occurs in the alveoli. Gas exchange takes place across the alveolar-capillary membrane, which is only one cell thick. Oxygen moves from the alveoli into the blood in the pulmonary capillaries and carbon dioxide moves out of the blood into the alveoli.
1. دليلك لعلاج الحروق <br />خلال الصيف، تزداد نسبة تعرضنا لحروق بدرجات مختلفة. كي لا تنغّص عليك الحوادث المنزلية صيفك وصيامك.تجدر الإشارة إلى أنّ السبيل الأنجع للشفاء السريع من أي حرق مهما كانت درجته، هو التعامل الصحيح معه في الدقائق الأولى التي تلي وقوع الحادث. للسيدات اللواتي يقضين معظم وقتهنّ في المطبخ، خلال شهر رمضان الفضيل، ننصحكنّ بإبقاء بعض الثلج جاهزاً للإستعمال الفوري... في زحمة التحضيرات، لا بدّ من أن تكون الأواني الحامية، أو الزيت، أو نار الفرن، مصدر خطر عليك.قبل تحديد ماهيّة الإٍسعافات الأولية للحروق، يجب أن تعرفي نوع الحرق. في حالة الحروق السطحية، يطال الضرر الطبقات السطحية من الجلد. ويمكن لأثر الحرق أن يختفي تماماً خلال أسبوع، إن سارعت إلى وضعه تحت الماء البارد لمدة خمس دقائق متواصلة من دون انقطاع. كما يمكنك أن تستخدمي الثلج لبضع دقائق.في حالة الحروق من الدرجة الثانية والثالثة، يجب اللجوء بسرعة إلى رقم الطوارىء... في هذه الحالة، يمكن للحرق الذي تتم معالجته، وخصوصاً إن كان من الدرجة الثالثة (أي أنّه يصل إلى العضلات والأعصاب) أن يتسبب بالتهاب، تكون أوّل مؤشراته ارتفاع حرارة الجسم.في حالة الحروق العميقة، يمكن أن تساعدي المصاب قبل وصول الإٍسعاف من خلال اتباع الخطوات التالية:• ضعي ماء بارداً على الحرق بكميات كبيرة.• راقبي تنفس المصاب لأن الحروق الخطيرة قد تسبّب انسداداً في ممرات الهواء أحياناً• لا تستخدمي الثلج أو الماء المثلج إلا في حالة الحروق السطحية• أبعدي الملابس أو قطع القماش عن الحرق. لكن إن كانت ملتصقة به، فمن الأفضل عدم إزالتها بنفسك.• غطي الحرق بضمادة جافة معقمة لإبعاد الهواء عنه.• تحتاج الحروق من الدرجة الثالثة أي الجروح الخطيرة إلى عناية طبية فائقة• حاولي المحافظة على درجة حرارة الجسم، لأن الشخص المحروق غالباً ما يشعر بالبرد في انتظار وصول الإسعاف.ولتفادي الحروق الخطيرة، ننصحك بأن:• تراقبي دوماً درجة حرارة المياه الساخنة• لا تتركي مسكة المقلاة عائقاً أمام حركتك أو حركة أطفالك، من خلال إبقائها متجهة داخل الفرن• امنعي الأطفال من اللعب في المطبخ، وابقيهم بعيدين عن مصادر الكهرباء• أبعدي الأطفال عن المكواة الحامية.• لا تسكبي الماء مثلاً في مقلاة تحتوي زيتاً ساخناً<br />