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SUBSTANCE P by RAGHUL PHARMACIST.
- 1. SUBSTANCE P RAGHUL H B PHARMACY(2014-2018) NANDHA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY ERODE TAMILNADU
- 2. SUBSTANCE P Definition Synthesis Distribution Receptors Mechanism Functions Antagonist
- 3. Definition Substance P is an undecapeptide(a peptide composed of a chain of 11 amino acid residues) belongs to the tachykinin family. It is a neuropeptide,acting as a neurotransmitter and as a neuromodulator. It is closely related neurokinin A ,produced from a polyprotein precursor. It is widely distributed throughout the nervous sytem of human and animal species.
- 4. AMINOACID SEQUENCE OF SUBSTANCE P Arg Pro Lys Pro Gln Gln Phe Phe Gly Leu Met
- 5. SYNTHESIS Peptides are synthesized through translation and transcription process. Substance P is synthesised in the endoplasmic reticulum then transferred to the Golgi apparatus for packaging and finallly transported to the cell membrane for exocytic release. It is present in high concentration in nerve endings in selected region of the mammalian brain.
- 6. DISTRIBUTION Substance P stands for Preparation the neurokinin type 1 receptor is distributed over cytoplasmic and nuclear membranes of many types of cells(neurons,glia,endothelia of capillaries and lymphatics,fibroblasts,stem cells,white blood cells)and many tissues and organs. It excites more cellular processes.
- 7. RECEPTOR Tachykinin receptor TACR1 Neurokinin 1 receptor NK1R Substance P receptor SPR It is a G protein coupled receptor found in CNS and peripheral nervous system.
- 8. RECEPTOR Substance P is the Neurokinin neurotransmitter selectively binds with the NK1 receptor NK1 receptor is have some affinity for other tachykinins
- 9. MECHANISM Substance P is synthesises by neurons and transported to synaptic vesicles. These are released by the depolarizing action of calcium dependent mechanisms. When NK1 receptor is stimulated,they can generate various second messengers..which triggers the various effector mechanism that regulate cellular excitability and function.
- 10. MECHANISM The three well defined second messenger system is stimulation: 1. Via phospholipase C of phosphatidyl inositol,turnover leading to Calcium mobilization from intra and extracellular sources. 2. Arachidonic acid mobilization via phospholipase A2 3. cAMP accumulation via stimulation of adenylate cyclase
- 11. FUNCTIONS Substance P is a key first responder to most noxious/external stimuli(stressors). It is an immediate defence,stress,repair,survival system.
- 12. FUNCTIONS Vasodilation Inflammation Pain Mood,anxiety,learning Vomiting Cell growth,proliferation,angiogenesis Migration
- 13. FUNCTIONS VASODILATION Substance P is a potent vasodilator. It is dependent on nitric oxide release. It also has broncho constrictive properties,administered through the non adrenergic,non cholinergic nervous system.
- 14. FUNCTIONS INFLAMMATION: Substance P and other sensory neuropeptides can be released from the peripheral terminals of sensory nerve fibers in the skin,muscle and joints. This release is involved in neurogenic inflammation which is a local inflammmatory response to certain types of infection or injury
- 15. FUNCTIONS PAIN It is due to the transmission of pain information into the central nervous system. Substance P coexists with the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in primary affarents that respond to pain stimulation.
- 16. FUNCTIONS MOOD,ANXIETY,LEARNING Substance P is associated with the regulation of mood disorders,anxiety,stress,reinforcement,neuro genesis,respiratory rhythm,neurotoxicity,pain and nociception.
- 17. FUNCTIONS VOMITING Vomiting center in the medulla called the area postrema,contains high concentrations of substance P and its receptors with other neurotransmitters such as choline,histamine,dopamine,serotonin and opioids. Their activationn stimulates the vomiting reflex.
- 18. FUNCTIONS CELL GROWTH,PROLIFERATION,ANGIOGENE SIS AND MIGRATION: Substance P stimulate cell growth in normal and cancer cell line cultures. Substance P promote wound healing of non healing ulcers in humans.
- 19. ALL THE BEST THANK YOU