switching.ppt
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Switching allows communication between nodes in a network by transferring input sample points to the correct output ports at the correct time. There are different types of switching including digital switching where sample point amplitudes are 0s and 1s, circuit switching which establishes a dedicated physical path, and packet switching which breaks messages into packets that are transmitted asynchronously. Switching techniques include crossbar switching, bus and cable switches, token passing, and Ethernet approaches using cables, rings, or star networks with hubs or switches.
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? Build a simple model of 802.11 frame exchange for TCP
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? The model will approximate the actual throughput of the
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? RTS/CTS mechanism is enabled
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Homework Assignment 6
Due in Week 9 and worth 30 points
Suppose the number of equipment sales and service contracts that a store sold during the last six (6) months for treadmills and exercise bikes was as follows:
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Treadmill
Exercise Bike
Total Sold
185
123
Service Contracts
67
55
The store can only sell a service contract on a new piece of equipment. Of the 185 treadmills sold, 67 included a service contract and 118 did not.
Complete the following questions in the space provided below:
1. Construct a 95 percent confidence interval for the difference between the proportions of service contracts sold on treadmills versus exercise bikes.
2. Is there a major difference between the two pieces of equipment? Why or why not?
Type your answers below and submit this file in Week 9 of the online course shell:
802.11 THROUGHPUT
comp40660 Assignment 1, February 2020
This assignment is worth 18% of the overall grade
Motivation
? Build a simple model of 802.11 frame exchange for TCP
and UDP, using OFDM of 802.11a and 802.11g
? The model will approximate the actual throughput of the
network
? RTS/CTS mechanism is enabled
? No contention
? Demonstration of the calculation for 802.11a ¨C UDP case;
work on TCP case in lab.
? Assignment will be to modify for the .11g/n/ac/ax case for
both TCP and UDP.
802.11 Model
? Basic transactional model ¨C 2 different transaction types, namely
UDP and TCP.
? Any 802.11 transmission of data (from higher layer) requires an
acknowledgement (ACK) by the .11 MAC.
? Each TCP / UDP packet is encapsulated in a single 802.11 frame.
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Network
Data Link
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Data Link
PhysicalBits
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Segment
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? How is this different from the UDP case?
TCP
ACK
Server Client
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? 802.11 uses different inter-frame spaces:
? SIFS (Short Interframe Space)
? High-priority transmissions can begin once SIFS has elapsed
? ACK, RTS, CTS
? DIFS (DCF Interframe Space)
? Minimum idle time for contention-based services
? Stations can have access to the medium if it has been free for
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? 1500 bytes packet (TCP/UDP) is encapsulated:
? MAC header = 34 bytes
? SNAP LLC header = 8 bytes
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The peaceful exploration, development, and use of outer space are equal rights for all
countries in the world. China calls on all countries working together to build a
community with a shared future for mankind, and deepen international exchanges
and cooperation in space on the basis of equality, mutual benefit, peaceful utilization
and inclusive development.The development of a robust digital communication system for transmitting scientific data from a lunar research station to Earth is a critical challenge. The system must operate within the constraints of a 2 MHz bandwidth, an SNR of 8 dB, and a channel environment characterized by multipath fading and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). This report outlines the design, analysis, and performance evaluation of such a system.More from Rashmin Tanna (6)
osi-tcp.ppt
osi-tcp.pptRashmin Tanna
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Lecture-2012-2-Application Layer-Introduction.pptRashmin Tanna
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The document discusses network application protocols and provides examples of common network applications. It describes the client-server and peer-to-peer architectures for network applications. Applications use either TCP or UDP at the transport layer, depending on their requirements for reliability, throughput, and timing. TCP provides reliable data transfer while UDP is simpler but does not guarantee delivery. Well-known application layer protocols are presented along with the transport protocols typically used to support them.Chapter2_L2.ppt
Chapter2_L2.pptRashmin Tanna
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The document describes an introductory chapter on the application layer from a textbook on computer networking. It provides an overview of key topics that will be covered in the chapter, including application architectures (client-server and peer-to-peer), example network applications, how processes communicate over the network, addressing processes, application layer protocols, and how applications map to transport protocols. It then focuses on describing the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and web architecture, including how HTTP connections and requests/responses work.CN01-Introduction.ppt
CN01-Introduction.pptRashmin Tanna
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This document provides an overview of computer networks and protocols. It discusses different types of networks like local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also covers different networking technologies like circuit switching, packet switching, datagram, and virtual circuit. Key networking protocols like TCP/IP and OSI reference model are introduced. Specific protocols at the data link layer like CSMA/CD and error control protocols are discussed in detail.layering.ppt
layering.pptRashmin Tanna
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The document discusses layered network models including OSI and TCP/IP. It provides details on the layers of each model, the functions of each layer, and examples of protocols used. Key points covered include how data is encapsulated as it moves through the layers, with each layer adding header information, and how the layers allow for standardization and modularity in network communication.Chapter4_2.ppt
Chapter4_2.pptRashmin Tanna
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This document discusses various networking devices and how they operate at different layers of the OSI model. It begins by introducing repeaters, hubs, bridges and routers. It then explains that repeaters operate at the physical layer and can regenerate weak signals but cannot filter traffic. Hubs are multi-port repeaters. Bridges operate at the data link layer and can filter traffic to reduce collisions. Routers operate at the network layer and can direct traffic between networks based on IP addresses. The document provides details on how each device functions and the network problems they can help resolve.Recently uploaded (20)
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switching.ppt
- 2. The importance of switching in communication ? The cost of switching is high Definition: ? Transfer input sample points to the correct output ports at the correct time Terminology ? Switching ? Digital switching (sample points amplitudes are 0's and 1's) ? PABX ? Circuit ? Circuit switching ? Packet switching
- 5. Voice digitization: ? W=3KHz, sampling at 2*3=6 or 8KHz ? 256 levels for quantization (8 bits) ? Bit rate=64Kb/s Telephone switching ? Time division multiplexing: time slot (0.1 ms), field, frame; ? 125ms/0.8=150 channels + time for synchronization and control
- 6. Switch architecture ? Sampling input signals, storing values in memory, placing values in the proper field and frame of the output sequence ? Need for more channels: hierarchical switching ? Combining time and space switching
- 7. General framework for switching ? time, space and frequency (broadband signals) switching ? synchronization (single clock) and buffering (memory) ? set-up time and delay (propagation time) ? "call duration" assignment vs. dynamic assignment ? in-band and out-of-band signaling Circuit (synchronous) vs. packet (asynchronous) switching ? control and routing overhead, virtual packet switching
- 8. Switching techniques and networking ? Switching is the technology allowing to get a message between the nodes of a network ? Crossbar switching: mechanical (in the past) or electronic. ? Bus and cable switches: computer buses or cables (switching + transportation = network) ? Token passing approach (similar to the locks used by multiprocessors connected by a bus) ? Ethernet approach: cable or ring, packets, conflicts, resending ? Synchronization and Hub switch: star networks (no conflicts)
- 11. Ethernet Cabling
- 12. Ethernet Cabling Cable topologies. (a) Linear, (b) Spine, (c) Tree, (d) Segmented.
- 13. Switched Ethernet A simple example of switched Ethernet.