Terapi Anti Retroviral.ppt

Nov 4, 2022Download as PPT, PDF0 likes4 views

DiniAgustini5

ANTIRETROVIRAL

Kemajuan terapi
• 1981  Kasus I
• 1983 ditemukan virus  diberi nama HIV
• 1987 ditemukan obat penghambat HIV
 AZT (Azidotimidin) Zidovudin (Wellcome)
 muncul obat Nucleocide RT Inhibitor (NRTI)
• Masih sebagai obat tunggal
• Dianggap kurang kuat dalam menekan HIV

• 1996 ditemukan golongan Protease Inhibitor (PI)
• Menghambat pemecahan protein untuk pembentukan virus baru.
• Kombinasi 2 NRTI dan 1 PI  efek kerja menekan virus lebih baik
• Obat lain NonNRTI (NNRTI)  pengganti PI
• Kombinasi 2 NRTI dan 1 NNRTI  efek kerja, dan harga lebih murah

• 2000  India membuat obat generik
• Harga sekitar Rp 300.000,-/bulan
• 2 NRTI dan 1 NNRTI
• Menguntungkan negara miskin
• 2001  Afrika Selatan import obat India
• Perusahaan patent protes  ditolak
• Diikuti Thailan, Kamboja, Vietnam, Cina, dan Indonesia, Haiti, Brazil, Kuba,
Amerika Latin
• WTO  kesampingkan patent
• 2002  WHO = Pedoman terapi ARV
• 2005  3 by 5

• Kapan mulai terapi ARV?
• Efek samping
• Adherence
• Jenis kombinasi obat yang dianjurkan
• ARV pada ibu hamil
• ARV pada anak

• Kemajuan pesat terapi ARV sejak 1996
• 3 macam ARV  efektif (cocktail th/)
• Pamakaian ARV teratur 
• gejala ?
• BB ?
• risiko infeksi oportunistik?
• opname ?
• kualitas hidup ?
• produktivitas ?

• Viral load  menurun, 6 bln, 80% pasien bisa undetectable
• Mengurangi penularan
• CD4  naik
• Morbiditas/mortalitas  turun

TUGAS
• Baca:
• Masalah adherence (Kepatuhan) ART
• Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) ARV

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Terapi Anti Retroviral.ppt

1. Terapi Anti Retroviral

2. Kemajuan terapi • 1981  Kasus I • 1983 ditemukan virus  diberi nama HIV • 1987 ditemukan obat penghambat HIV  AZT (Azidotimidin) Zidovudin (Wellcome)  muncul obat Nucleocide RT Inhibitor (NRTI) • Masih sebagai obat tunggal • Dianggap kurang kuat dalam menekan HIV

3. • 1996 ditemukan golongan Protease Inhibitor (PI) • Menghambat pemecahan protein untuk pembentukan virus baru. • Kombinasi 2 NRTI dan 1 PI  efek kerja menekan virus lebih baik • Obat lain NonNRTI (NNRTI)  pengganti PI • Kombinasi 2 NRTI dan 1 NNRTI  efek kerja, dan harga lebih murah

4. • 2000  India membuat obat generik • Harga sekitar Rp 300.000,-/bulan • 2 NRTI dan 1 NNRTI • Menguntungkan negara miskin • 2001  Afrika Selatan import obat India • Perusahaan patent protes  ditolak • Diikuti Thailan, Kamboja, Vietnam, Cina, dan Indonesia, Haiti, Brazil, Kuba, Amerika Latin • WTO  kesampingkan patent • 2002  WHO = Pedoman terapi ARV • 2005  3 by 5

5. • Kapan mulai terapi ARV? • Efek samping • Adherence • Jenis kombinasi obat yang dianjurkan • ARV pada ibu hamil • ARV pada anak

6. • Kemajuan pesat terapi ARV sejak 1996 • 3 macam ARV  efektif (cocktail th/) • Pamakaian ARV teratur  • gejala ? • BB ? • risiko infeksi oportunistik? • opname ? • kualitas hidup ? • produktivitas ?

7. • Viral load  menurun, 6 bln, 80% pasien bisa undetectable • Mengurangi penularan • CD4  naik • Morbiditas/mortalitas  turun

8. TUGAS • Baca: • Masalah adherence (Kepatuhan) ART • Multiple Drug Resistance (MDR) ARV

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Terapi Anti Retroviral.ppt

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