The hanlization of north wei dynasty people

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hanlization of north wei dynasty people

時代·魏晉南北
? 魏晉南北朝用以統稱一個長達400多年的時代
? 當時南北處於分裂、對峙狀態，朝代更迭頻繁：
南方：宋、齊、梁、陳等
北方：北魏、東魏、西魏、北齊與北周等
? 北魏，是北方其中一個朝代，由鮮卑族統治；
由拓跋珪稱王建國到滅亡，歷100多年，共14位皇帝，孝文帝是第7任皇帝。
2
圖片來源於互聯網：http://www.sohu.com/a/163404827_99922019

孝文帝
? 孝文帝本名拓跋宏，後改漢姓元，又名元宏
? 鮮卑族
? 北魏第7任皇帝，公元471-499在位
? 受到祖母馮太后影響，孝文帝十分喜歡漢族文化；
希望透過漢化改革國家，提升國力，統一南北。
3
「白日光天兮無不曜，江左一隅獨未照。」
——北魏·孝文帝

4
主要內容：
實行漢化，改革措施包括：
圖片來源於互聯網：http://www.5857.com/wall/43973.html
拔列?？？
A.拔 B.梁 C.
陳
? 將鮮卑姓氏改成漢族姓氏：
拓跋?元步六孤?陸
賀賴?賀丘穆陵?穆
獨孤?劉紇豆陵?竇
? 推廣教育
? 提升孔子地位：
? 修建孔子廟
? 優待孔子後人
? 鼓勵鮮卑和漢族通婚
? 禁止穿鮮卑服，改穿
漢服
? 禁止說鮮卑語，鼓勵
學漢語

5
主要內容：
實行漢化，改革措施包括：
圖片來源於互聯網：http://www.sohu.com/a/163404827_99922019
? 實行以前朝代的個各種制
度和律令
? 整頓官吏治理情況
? 將漢族的「門閥制
度」應用到鮮卑族
? 鮮卑名門大姓：
元、胡、周、長孫、
奚、伊、丘、亥等
? 漢族名門大姓：
崔、盧、鄭、王、
李、韋、裴、柳等
? 首都由平城(今山西
大同)遷到洛陽
? 鎮壓鮮卑貴族的叛亂
* 門閥制度：「門閥」指的是世
代為官的名門望族。後來形成以
家族為依據的等級觀念和制度：
不同姓氏有等級之分，等級越高，
官越大，可獲得的權利也越大。

參考資料
（一）書籍
1. 鄭天挺、譚其驤等主編：《中國歷史大辭典》。上海：上海辭書出版社，2018年。
2. 趙儷生鄭寶琦主編：《中國通史史論辭典》。哈爾濱：黑龍江人民出版社，1992年。
3. 黃邦和皮明庥主編：《中外歷史人物詞典》。長沙：湖南人民出版社.，1987年。
4. 王曉梅張晶主編：《不可不知的2000個中外名人》。北京：中央翻譯出版社，2009年。
（二）網上資源
1. 漢典：http://www.zdic.net/
2. 國學網：http://www.guoxue.com/
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