The last hurrah
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The Last Hurrah is a Section in the book "The Scientists" by John Gribbin. This presentation was used to aid my report in SCE548M class (History and Philosophy of Science) last August 7, 2014. Thanks to the owners of the images I grabbed from the internet. :)
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The last hurrah
- 2. the debate continental drift the Bullard filt seafloor spreading Ice Age
- 3. 1 2 3 4 5 uniformitarianism catastrophism Alfred Wegener Arthur Holmes Bertram Boltwood Walter Elsasser Edward Bullard Harry Hess McKenzie, Vine, Mathews Tuzo Wilson the erratics Ice Age model astronomical theory of Ice Age
- 5. youtube tag: Ice Age 4 COntinental drift trailer
- 6. Uniformitarianism Earth is gradually shrinking, contracting as it cooled, producing mountain ranges as it wrinkled and shrank
- 7. catastrophism sudden and rapid bursts of dramatic change separated by long intervals of relatively calm cooling, contracting Earth
- 8. James Dana Eduard Seuss Continents have always been continents, seafloor have always been seafloor. Contraction is the driving force for rapid bursts separated by long intervals of calm contracting Earth.
- 9. James Dana Earth is gradually shrinking, contracting as it cooled, producing mountain ranges as it wrinkled and shrank -permanentism- 1
- 10. Eduard Seuss 1 sudden and rapid bursts of dramatic change separated by long intervals of relatively calm cooling, contracting Earth -gondwanaland-
- 11. Eduard Seuss 1 for this to happen, T = 1200oC Gondwana lead to Continental drift idea Australia India Africa
- 12. Antonio Snider-Pellergini 1 series of catastrophes took place on Earth the Great Flood
- 13. Antonio Snider-Pellergini 1 first to publish a map which brings together continents on both sides of Atlantic Ocean the map is used to explain the similarities between fossils in land masses separated by oceans
- 14. Osmond Fisher1 Moon was formed when young Earth split into two unequal parts the hole left behind by the Moon drove the continents to move towards it to fill the empty space
- 15. 1 2 3 4 5 uniformitarianism catastrophism Alfred Wegener Arthur Holmes Bertram Boltwood Walter Elsasser Edward Bullard Harry Hess McKenzie, Vine, Mathews Tuzo Wilson the erratics Ice Age model astronomical theory of Ice Age
- 16. 2 Alfred Wegener Father of Continental Drift Theory meteorologist-geologist the jigsaw puzzle paleontological similarities South America West Africa mesosaurus marsupials volunteer reserve cadet (meteorological service of army)
- 17. youtube tag: Great Minds - Alfred Wegener (SciShow) 2
- 18. 2 Alfred Wegener seek out evidence to support his idea defended the model in light of criticisms overall concept stood the test of time
- 19. 2 Alfred Wegener Pangea - contained all land surface Whatever is the driving force, he pointed out the sites of rift valleys the process of continental drift which still continues to take place up until now
- 20. 2 Alfred Wegener argued that the cause of continental drift are: retreat from poles caused by centrifugal force possible tidal effects ploughing through the sima of the seafloor inaccurate measurements (50-100k years)
- 21. Arthur Holmes2 Radioactive decay Convection is associated with mountain building, continental drift theory
- 22. Arthur Holmes2 convection current stirred the continents to move very slowly, pushing other continents as they collide around the globe Pangea Gondwanaland (South) Laurasia (North)
- 23. Bertram Boltwood2 Geometric dating age of earth: 4.5byo accuracy of measurements in determining the age of rock samples led to more accurate historical claims
- 24. no new evidences no new ideas
- 25. 1950s-1960s
- 26. 1 2 3 4 5 uniformitarianism catastrophism Alfred Wegener Arthur Holmes Bertram Boltwood Walter Elsasser Edward Bullard Harry Hess McKenzie, Vine, Mathews Tuzo Wilson the erratics Ice Age model astronomical theory of Ice Age
- 27. Walter Elsasser3 Fossil magnetism (rocks) Earths magnetic field
- 28. Edward Bullard 3 model of Earths magnetic field as product of circulating conducting fluids in hot fluid core used early electronic computer for 1st numerical simulation of dynamo process
- 29. 1 2 3 4 5 uniformitarianism catastrophism Alfred Wegener Arthur Holmes Bertram Boltwood Walter Elsasser Edward Bullard Harry Hess McKenzie, Vine, Mathews Tuzo Wilson the erratics Ice Age model astronomical theory of Ice Age
- 30. Harry Hess 4 proponent of the Seafloor Spreading Theory Ocean ridges are produced by convection currents in the fluid material of the mantle welling up from deeper below the surface
- 31. Harry Hess 4 direct evidences accurate measurements Mountain formation at Pacific ocean floor reverse magnetic polarity as evident in rocks age of rocks: new ones found at the ridge, older ones at the foot of the ridge Atlantic ridge widening: 2cm/yr
- 32. Dan McKenzie Frederick Vine Drummond Mathews 4 linked the evidence for geomagnetic reversals with seafloor spreading model of continental drift suggestive NOT conclusive
- 33. Tuzo Wilson4 put together the ideas of Continental Drift and Seafloor Spreading PLATE rigid portions of Earths crust that move the ground caused by forces associated with the two theories
- 34. Edward Bullard4 objective method using mathematical basis used electronic computer to provide unbiased objective matching
- 35. 1 2 3 4 5 uniformitarianism catastrophism Alfred Wegener Arthur Holmes Bertram Boltwood Walter Elsasser Edward Bullard Harry Hess McKenzie, Vine, Mathews Tuzo Wilson the erratics Ice Age model astronomical theory of Ice Age
- 36. Bernard Kuhn5 erratics Biblical flood first to notice the erratic formation of polar ice caps
- 37. James Hutton Jens Esmarck Richard Bernhardi 5 polar ice cap extended as far South as central Germany
- 38. Louis Agassiz convert - finally convinced enthusiasm position - President Credibility and Influence 5
- 39. 5 Louis Agassiz looked for evidences of glaciation used Johannes Keplers Law of Planetary Motion to explain Alternating Ice Ages elliptical orbit
- 41. 5 Mulitin milankovitch used mathematical evidences to describe changing climates by comparing the temperatures of 3 planets Mars Earth Venus
- 42. Wladimir K旦ppen published a book containing his attempt to explain the past climates based on continental drift 5 It is not the temperature in winter but the temperature in summer that dictates how much snow stays unmelted in summer ice cold summer NOT extra cold winter
- 43. 1958 no new geological evidence seemed to matter the idea had fallen out and died down
- 44. 1970s
- 45. 20th century
- 47. end of classical science and beginning of quantum revolution the Last Hurrah end of all the dynamic changes and beginning of a more stable Earth
- 48. 7 the things i learned: just as the tectonic plates need driving force to cause it to move to form the Earth, ! people need a motivation to keep on doing what they are doing to attain a goal conscious effort to pursue a problem scientific method is a cycle a never-ending process of seeking for truth and making sense HPS Connect
- 49. 7 the things i learned: More than what a person is talking about, in order to persuade his audience, he must: know his audience have credibility be passionate and enthusiastic theories are conjectures; scientific theories are refutable It is not the correctness or truthfulness, but the usefulness of a theory that matters HPS Connect
- 50. 7 the things i learned: In the end, it doesnt matter if people believe you or not, the more valuable is the passion to seek for truth and the patience to bear the rigorous work that goes with it. Science has a way to correct itself Discovery consists of seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought HPS Connect