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THEORIES
FOR
PRODUCTION
A L E X W O O D W O R T H

MODERNISM AND POSTMODERNISM
Modernism had taken place from around the 1890s, to the beginning of the 1960s. This
movement brought along new ideas towards music. New ideas and modern influences
came into society at this time, through things like novels, films and arts around this time.
All of these ideas had a great impact on society at this time however, not all aspects of
society were accurately represented in the music videos.
Postmodernism began at around the 1970s, and is still continuing now. Postmodernism
makes it difficult for people to understand the difference between actual reality and fiction
during music videos due to the very small difference that there now is between the two.

NARCISSISM
During this song, Without Me by Eminem, we see Eminem dressed up in
a Robin costume, Batman’s sidekick. When people think about
superheroes they usually think about people who save lives, have
superpowers and are very strong. The use of this costume could be used
to suggest that Eminem assumes that he is resembling a superhero with
what he is doing, and therefore suggesting that he has admiration for
himself.

INTERTEXTUALITY
In this song Eminem has referred to Batman and Robin, and therefore
shows intertextuality. In this video Eminem is shown in parts to be wearing
a costumer very similar to one which Robin wore in the Batman movies,
except on the belt he has the letter E for Eminem. Along with this he
shows a bright light in the sky, showing the letter E which is used instead
of the bat symbol which is shown in the Batman movies when somebody
is in need of Batman's help.

PARODY
Here Eminem has parodied the famous CNN interview with Osama Bin
Laden, which he has changed to ENN, where he attempts to add a
comical feel to this interview by having Bin Laden waving a white flag as if
he was surrendering, and then dancing with the people who had entered
into the clip. This song was made 2 years before the death of Bin Laden.

BRICOLAGE
During this song bricolage is shown as Eminem shows of the different
forms of media used during the music video of his song. During this clip
we see a lot of things that have a comic book feel, with bold text being
used to ask questions, tell the audience where the location is, show the
text of the sounds being made and other things that resemble comic
books, along with this he has also shown a short clip of what it would look
like behind the scenes of a television show.

BREAKING DOWN THE FOURTH WALL
During this part of the song Eminem is breaking down the fourth wall as
he is making the audience feel like they are involved in this song. The
direct eye contact that Eminem gives to the camera makes it feel as
though he is looking at all of the people who are watching the music video
to his song and this allows the audience to feel as though they belong in
this song.

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