To the evening star
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The document provides an analysis of William Blake's poem "To the Evening Star". It notes that the poem uses poetic techniques such as personification, metaphor, oxymoron, alliteration and consonance. It addresses the evening star as a "fair-haired angel" and suggests that her light removes darkness. The analysis discusses how the poem depicts the star bringing peace during the night and protecting humankind from threats like wolves and lions. It also describes how the poem portrays the beauty and innocence of nature.
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Presentation # 5.2. 
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1
Introduction to the Kokinsh笛
The Kokin wakash笛, or Kokinsh笛, is a collection of 1,111 Japanese poems (waka),
that was compiled and presented to Emperor Daigo (r. 897-930) in the early 10th
century. Its main compiler was the famous poet Ki no Tsurayuki (872?-945?), who
also wrote the Kana Preface to the collection and included ninety-nine of his own
poems. Literally, Kokin wakash笛 means Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese
poems. The Japanese poem, waka or uta, is a 31 syllable form in five measures in a
pattern of 5/7/5/7/7 syllables, and was so called to distinguish it from shi, Chinese
poetry, which was also commonly practiced by the Heian court.
One of the objectives of the Kokinsh笛 was to bring waka to the forefront of the
cultural life of the imperial court. The collection is therefore an attempt to create a
normative source of poetic associations, motifs, and styles, which would become a
standard for composing poetry. It thus includes poems that are representative of a
particular topic (eg. cherry blossoms, deer, moon), and/or representative in style,
and/or composed by famous poets (both ancient and modern). The Kokinsh笛 also
sets up narrative sequences that affect the meaning of each individual poem by
placing it in a particular context relative to other poems.
This is a brief selection of twenty-four poems, from Volumes 1-2 (Spring), 4-5
(Autumn) and 11-15 (Love).
2
Volumes 1-2 (Spring)
Composed on a day when spring arrived in the old year
Ariwara no Motokata
1 Spring has arrived
before the end of the year:
the year to date,
are we to call it last year?
or do we call it this year 1
1 The Heian court used a combination of a lunar calendar to count the months and a solar calendar to
mark the seasons. The solar calendar year was made up of 24 seasonal periods of 15 days to make a year
of 360 days (which was adjusted periodically to match the actual solar year of 365.2422 days). The lunar
calendar year was made up of 12 months of 29.5 days (alternating months of 29 and 30 days) to total 354
days. Because the two calendars are 6 days apart, every two or three years an extra intercalary month
would be added to the lunar calendar to adjust it to the solar year. This meant that in years with twelve
lunar months the lunar New Year would always arrive before the solar New Year, but in years when
intercalary months were used the first day of spring (the beginning of the solar year) would arrive
somewhat paradoxicallybefore the end of the lunar year. This is the circumstance described in the poem.
While the paradox is the result of adjusting the calendar, it produces a (somewhat exaggerated, given that
it occurred every two or three years) disconcerting feeling of celebrating the beginning of spring before the
lunar new year (the first day of the f ...Poetry and poetic devices
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Title:
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Description:
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Key Topics Covered:
Main Topic : The Network Layer
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Other Link :
1.Introduction to computer network - /slideshow/lecture-notes-introduction-to-computer-network/274183454
2. Physical Layer - /slideshow/lecture-notes-unit-ii-the-physical-layer/274747125
3. Data Link Layer Part 1 : /slideshow/lecture-notes-unit-iii-the-datalink-layer/275288798
Target Audience:
Final year B.Sc. Computer Science students at Alagappa University seeking a solid foundation in Computer Network principles for academic.
About the Author:
Dr. S. Murugan is Associate Professor at Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi. With 23 years of teaching experience in the field of Computer Science, Dr. S. Murugan has a passion for simplifying complex concepts in Computer Network
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To the evening star
- 1. WRITTEN BY WILLIAM BLAKE TO THE EVENING STAR
- 2. Archaic language = Thou, Thy ,Dost Personification = You(Thy) Metaphor = Wash the dusk with silver Oxymoron = Speak Silence Alliteration = Fleeces of our Flocks Consonance = shuts its sweet eyes Assonance = fair haird angel Symbols = Wolf rages, lion glares POETIC TECHNIQUES T O T H E E V E N I N G S T A R 2
- 3. Anastrophe (Inversion) = thy radiant crown Put on Enjambment (run-on-line) = While thou drawest the , blue curtains of sky Biblical Allusion = Sacred dew T O T H E E V E N I N G S T A R 3
- 4. He addresses Her as a fair-haired angel of the evening who can light a lovely bright torch at night to remove the darkness and wears a glowing crown on her head and smiles upon the evening bed of humankind. Now, whilst the sun rests on the mountains light implies that even the sturdy mountains that have endured all forms of hardship have to surrender to the inevitable night. T O T H E E V E N I N G S T A R 4
- 5. It is a bright torch while all else is dark, presenting a juxtaposition to the transcendent symbol. The poet further proceeds to say that the Goddess Venus makes the fine morning and scatters the dew on every flower that shuts its silver eyes. These lines augment the beauty of the poem and make it surreal. T O T H E E V E N I N G S T A R 5
- 6. But Venus cries tears of dew as she herself is aware of humankinds fallen state on earth. The poet uses anastrophe to directly address the star. For instance, the poet urges the star to smile upon our evening beds. This annotation brings about a romantic and soothing essence to the poem. T O T H E E V E N I N G S T A R 6
- 7. The poet further proceeds to say that the Goddess Venus makes the fine morning and scatters the dew on every flower that shuts its silver eyes. These lines augment the beauty of the poem and make it surreal. T O T H E E V E N I N G S T A R 7
- 8. The poet expresses the idea that the stars bring peace and provide guidance to mankind during the normally forbidding night. T O T H E E V E N I N G S T A R 8
- 9. I find the usage of metaphors and symbolism in this poem. For instance, the wolf rages and The lion glares are the symbolism of the night: They has a grey fur and has an affinity for the night. The poet is like a shepherd and he appeals to the goddess Venus to shower her holy dew over the flocks of sheep and protect them with holy blessings T O T H E E V E N I N G S T A R 9
- 10. He uses metaphors to compare the evening star to the fair-haired angel. It is used in order to express the shining star as a beautiful Goddess who silently looks upon the people at night. The poet calls the star a bright torch of love which denotes a radiant and heroic quality to the star. T O T H E E V E N I N G S T A R 10
- 11. Blake wrote this poem to possibly show the huge effect nature has on ones everyday life. For instance, without the star, the night would be too dark and forbidding for us. However, the presence of the star lightens the ambiance and imparts a peaceful and romantic aura to the night. He also further proceeds to show how nature can protect our fragile lives. The poet claims that the star protects the people from the violent lion and the raging wolf lurking in the darkness amidst the forest. At the same time, he beautifies and portrays the innocence of nature. The flowers shut its sweet eyes brings forth a sweet and subdued tone of the poem. T O T H E E V E N I N G S T A R 11
- 12. T O T H E E V E N I N G S T A R 12