This document discusses basic techniques in natural language processing (NLP) including structuring unstructured text, text preprocessing, and tokenization. It explains how to structure unstructured text into a tabular format for analysis. It then covers various text preprocessing techniques like character encoding identification, language identification, and normalization. Finally, it describes different approaches to tokenization for space-delimited and unsegmented languages, including handling punctuation, multi-word expressions, and sentence segmentation.
The document discusses different logic families used in integrated circuits. It describes the 7 main logic families: RTL, DTL, IIL, TTL, ECL, MOS, and CMOS. RTL and DTL are no longer used in new designs. TTL is a modified form of DTL using transistors instead of diodes. IIL, MOS are used in large scale integration. ECL is used for high speed operations. CMOS is used where low power is required. The document provides information on characteristics like fan-out, power dissipation, propagation delay, and noise margin for each logic family.
This document discusses real-time scheduling algorithms. It begins by defining real-time systems and their key properties of timeliness and predictability. It then discusses two common real-time scheduling algorithms: fixed-priority Rate Monotonic scheduling and dynamic-priority Earliest Deadline First scheduling. It covers how each algorithm prioritizes and orders tasks, and analyzes their schedulability and utilization bounds. It concludes by comparing the two approaches.
A sprint thru Python's Natural Language ToolKit, presented at SFPython on 9/14/2011. Covers tokenization, part of speech tagging, chunking & NER, text classification, and training text classifiers with nltk-trainer.
This document discusses using fuzzy multi-objective linear programming (FMOLP) to solve the traveling salesman problem (TSP). TSP aims to find the shortest route to visit each city once. FMOLP handles fuzzy constraints and goals. It formulates TSP as three objectives - minimizing cost, distance, and time. A case study applies FMOLP to find the optimal route between 4 cities. The solution maximizes satisfaction level 留 while meeting fuzzy constraints on each objective.
Automated Python Test Frameworks for Hardware Verification and ValidationBarbara Jones
油
This document discusses automated testing of hardware using Python test frameworks. It describes using test frameworks to design broad hardware tests from specifications, control external equipment, and handle test data analysis. As an example, it outlines a phase alignment test between multiple instruments, including setting up the test with a waveform generator, running a sequence of configurations, and calculating the discrete Fourier transform of the results to check for phase differences within a tolerance. The goal is to validate and verify hardware using an automated and flexible test framework approach.
The document describes the modeling of an armature-controlled DC servo motor. It includes:
1. Describing the key components of a DC motor including the armature, field, rotor and stator.
2. Developing a physical model that considers the armature resistance and inductance, as well as load inertia and friction.
3. Deriving the mathematical models for motor torque, back EMF, armature circuit dynamics, and mechanical dynamics.
4. Numerically solving the models using Simulink, including the electrical, mechanical, and feedback loops between electrical and mechanical domains.
This document provides an overview of agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS). It defines what ABMS is, its key components, and examples of its usage. ABMS involves creating autonomous agents that interact within an environment. Popular software tools for ABMS include NetLogo and Repast, which allow users to define agents and rules for their behavior and interactions. ABMS is well-suited for modeling complex systems where emergent phenomena arise from numerous localized agent interactions.
Agent-based modeling and simulation tutorial - EASSS 2009 - Giuseppe VizzariGiuseppe Vizzari
油
The document discusses agent-based modeling and simulation for complex systems. It describes how agent-based models can be used to simulate decentralized decision-making, self-organization, emergence and other phenomena seen in complex systems. The key advantages of agent-based models are that they represent systems as collections of autonomous entities that interact locally. This allows them to generate aggregate behaviors and insights not possible with other modeling approaches. Examples of using agent-based models to simulate crowd dynamics and pedestrian behavior are provided.
Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a technique that models systems as collections of autonomous decision-making entities called agents. When the agents interact, emergent properties arise that are not explicitly programmed. A simple example models predators, prey, and a shared environment where grass grows back over time. The agents follow rules like needing energy to survive and reproduce. Running the model many times shows how population dynamics can emerge from agent interactions. ABM is useful for explanatory, exploratory, and predictive modeling across domains like ecology, social networks, and supply chains. Popular platforms include NetLogo and Repast for building agent-based models.
This document provides an overview of agent-based modeling and geographic information systems (GIS). It discusses why urban systems are complex and why individual-based modeling is useful for understanding urban dynamics. Agent-based models simulate individual agent behaviors and measure how system properties emerge over time from these interactions. GIS represents real-world phenomena spatially through layers of raster (grid) or vector (points, lines, polygons) data. Integrating GIS and agent-based modeling allows modeling agents located in actual spaces and discovering new patterns through their interactions over space and time. The document reviews example applications and modeling toolkits for building spatial agent-based models.
The Benkelman beam is the simplest and the oldest deflection
test device, developed in the United States in the mid-1950s. Its used to measure the structural capacity of a flexible pavement.
This document discusses Benkelman beam deflection studies, which are used to evaluate the structural capacity of existing pavements and estimate overlay designs for strengthening weak pavements. The Benkelman beam test procedure involves measuring the rebound deflection of a pavement under a standard wheel load. Deflection measurements are taken at intervals along the road using the Benkelman beam and loaded truck. The results are used to calculate the true rebound deflection and characterize pavement strength statistically based on mean, standard deviation, and characteristic deflection values. Overlay design is then determined based on the statistical analysis.
Number plate recognition system using matlab.Namra Afzal
油
The document describes a student project to develop a car recognition system using MATLAB. The system aims to detect and recognize car number plates using image processing and optical character recognition algorithms. A group of three students divided the work, with one student writing the Matlab code, another interfacing the system with a microcontroller, and the third building the hardware. The document outlines the workflow and basic modules of the system, including license plate localization, character segmentation, and character recognition using template matching in Matlab. It also discusses some problems faced with the Matlab-based system.
This document discusses simulation modeling and its applications. It begins with definitions of simulation as operating a model of a system over time to study its behavior. Simulation is used to evaluate system performance under different configurations before implementation. The key advantages are exploring "what if" scenarios without disrupting real systems and testing new designs. Common applications include manufacturing, construction, military, logistics and transportation. The document outlines the steps in a simulation study and discusses when simulation is appropriate versus not. It concludes with references on modeling and simulation.
The document proposes ideas to make roads safer for all users including cyclists and pedestrians in Singapore. It suggests improving road infrastructure such as reducing lane width to lower speeds, marking bicycle signs on bus lanes, and designing junctions better. Education and law enforcement are also important to address unsafe behaviors. The goal is to facilitate safe driving which benefits all road users.
This document discusses traffic engineering and highway drainage. It covers topics such as traffic studies including volume, speed, parking and accident studies. It also discusses traffic management and control devices. For highway drainage, it discusses the necessity of drainage systems and types of surface and subsurface drainage. Traffic flow fundamentals and characteristics of road users and vehicles are also covered. The document provides details on different types of parking studies and causes and analysis of traffic accidents.
Intelligent Traffic Conrol System using Operating SystemSwapnilNarayan
油
Traffic congestion arises mostly in density populated areas where the number of road users and vehicles are on increase beyond the intended capacity of road at an instance of time. In this area, the congestion is mostly caused by violation rules, poor traffic management, accidents and low response to removal of broken down vehicles. Providing solution to this problem requires urgent attention due to its adverse effect on human daily activities such as waste of valuable time on the road, which possess treats to the economy, loss of life due to accidents and hindrances experienced by emergency vehicles in rendering their adequate services. This paper proposed a solution to control the flow of traffic at road junctions by modifying a round robin scheduling algorithm through assigning priorities to emergency vehicle at their arrivals and consequently use of traffic control barricade to enforce strict compliance of traffic rules to the vehicle road users. The results obtained show that the Modified Smart Optimized Round Robin Algorithm reduced the total and average waiting time of vehicles by 11.61%, though with a drop by 13.52% as emergency vehicle arrival increased. The continuous increase in the congestion level on public roads, especially during rush hours, is a critical problem in many countries and is becoming a major concern to transportation specialists and decision-makers.
The existing methods for traffic management, surveillance and control are not adequately efficient in terms of the performance, cost, and effort needed for maintenance and support.
For example, the 2007 Urban Mobility Report estimates the total annual cost of congestion for the 75 U.S. urban areas at 89.6 billion dollars, the value of 4.5 billion hours of delay and 6.9 billion gallons of excess fuel consumed. On a smaller scale, the traffic engineering department in Jordan estimates that the total cost due to congestion in the year 2007 was around 150 million USD. As such, there is a need for efficient solutions to this critical and important problem.
Intelligent Traffic Conrol System using Operating SystemSwapnilNarayan
油
Traffic congestion arises mostly in density populated areas where the number of road users and vehicles are on increase beyond the intended capacity of road at an instance of time. In this area, the congestion is mostly caused by violation rules, poor traffic management, accidents and low response to removal of broken down vehicles. Providing solution to this problem requires urgent attention due to its adverse effect on human daily activities such as waste of valuable time on the road, which possess treats to the economy, loss of life due to accidents and hindrances experienced by emergency vehicles in rendering their adequate services. This paper proposed a solution to control the flow of traffic at road junctions by modifying a round robin scheduling algorithm through assigning priorities to emergency vehicle at their arrivals and consequently use of traffic control barricade to enforce strict compliance of traffic rules to the vehicle road users. The results obtained show that the Modified Smart Optimized Round Robin Algorithm reduced the total and average waiting time of vehicles by 11.61%, though with a drop by 13.52% as emergency vehicle arrival increased. The continuous increase in the congestion level on public roads, especially during rush hours, is a critical problem in many countries and is becoming a major concern to transportation specialists and decision-makers.
The existing methods for traffic management, surveillance and control are not adequately efficient in terms of the performance, cost, and effort needed for maintenance and support.
For example, the 2007 Urban Mobility Report estimates the total annual cost of congestion for the 75 U.S. urban areas at 89.6 billion dollars, the value of 4.5 billion hours of delay and 6.9 billion gallons of excess fuel consumed. On a smaller scale, the traffic engineering department in Jordan estimates that the total cost due to congestion in the year 2007 was around 150 million USD. As such, there is a need for efficient solutions to this critical and important problem.
This document discusses various topics related to traffic engineering and transportation planning. It defines traffic engineering and its objectives. It then describes different types of traffic studies including volume, speed, origin-destination, capacity, and accident studies. It discusses various methods for conducting traffic volume and speed studies, including manual counting methods and automatic counting methods. It also covers parking space studies, including different types of on-street and off-street parking facilities and how parking studies are conducted.
1) Traffic management techniques include ramp metering, which uses traffic lights to control the flow of vehicles entering highways and maintain steady traffic flow.
2) Physical changes to roads, such as converting two-way streets to one-way streets, road markings, and tidal flow lanes that change direction during peak hours, can improve traffic flow.
3) Providing information through signs helps guide drivers and encourages alternatives to single-occupancy vehicles, such as high-occupancy vehicle lanes that prioritize cars with multiple passengers.
This document is a project report on a traffic light control system that uses density-based signaling. It contains an introduction that describes the history of traffic lights and the need for a density-based system to reduce traffic delays. It then defines the problem that fixed-time traffic lights can lead to wasted time. The working section explains that the system will detect traffic at each road using sensors, and allow traffic to flow based on density rather than a fixed schedule. It concludes by stating the applications are to avoid traffic jams and save time compared to traditional signaling.
Traffic Control management system using Inductive loop SensorIRJET Journal
油
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new inductive loop sensor system to help optimize traffic control management. The sensor is able to detect both large and small vehicles occupying any area of the roadway, which is important for managing heterogeneous and unregulated traffic flows. A multiple loop sensor topology can detect different vehicle types like bicycles, motorcycles, cars, and buses, and also accurately count vehicles under mixed traffic conditions. A prototype was tested that could recognize different vehicle types and count the number of each type, demonstrating the sensor system's adaptability for varied traffic situations. The goal is to provide real-time traffic data to help implement an intelligent transportation system that maximizes road utilization.
INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM(ITS) PRESENTATION Mr. Lucky
油
It is a brief presentation on the topic of INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM(ITS). This is made by final year students of civil branch pursuing their B.tech. from Abdul Kalam Technical University.
In this presentation we try to include the basic methodologies and emerged technologies now a days in transportation system, and also the new concepts of blind turn safety and Spikes on roads at Traffic Signals.
This document presents a cloud-based wrong-way vehicle motion detection system. The system uses ultrasonic sensors and limit switches to detect vehicles moving in the wrong direction in a tunnel, captures images of the vehicles using a camera, and stores the images in a cloud database. The existing manual system uses police officers but has drawbacks like high costs, low availability, and ineffectiveness during bad weather. The proposed automated system addresses these issues and can detect multiple vehicles at once in a cost-effective way without requiring human monitoring at all times.
This document provides an overview of agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS). It defines what ABMS is, its key components, and examples of its usage. ABMS involves creating autonomous agents that interact within an environment. Popular software tools for ABMS include NetLogo and Repast, which allow users to define agents and rules for their behavior and interactions. ABMS is well-suited for modeling complex systems where emergent phenomena arise from numerous localized agent interactions.
Agent-based modeling and simulation tutorial - EASSS 2009 - Giuseppe VizzariGiuseppe Vizzari
油
The document discusses agent-based modeling and simulation for complex systems. It describes how agent-based models can be used to simulate decentralized decision-making, self-organization, emergence and other phenomena seen in complex systems. The key advantages of agent-based models are that they represent systems as collections of autonomous entities that interact locally. This allows them to generate aggregate behaviors and insights not possible with other modeling approaches. Examples of using agent-based models to simulate crowd dynamics and pedestrian behavior are provided.
Agent-based modeling (ABM) is a technique that models systems as collections of autonomous decision-making entities called agents. When the agents interact, emergent properties arise that are not explicitly programmed. A simple example models predators, prey, and a shared environment where grass grows back over time. The agents follow rules like needing energy to survive and reproduce. Running the model many times shows how population dynamics can emerge from agent interactions. ABM is useful for explanatory, exploratory, and predictive modeling across domains like ecology, social networks, and supply chains. Popular platforms include NetLogo and Repast for building agent-based models.
This document provides an overview of agent-based modeling and geographic information systems (GIS). It discusses why urban systems are complex and why individual-based modeling is useful for understanding urban dynamics. Agent-based models simulate individual agent behaviors and measure how system properties emerge over time from these interactions. GIS represents real-world phenomena spatially through layers of raster (grid) or vector (points, lines, polygons) data. Integrating GIS and agent-based modeling allows modeling agents located in actual spaces and discovering new patterns through their interactions over space and time. The document reviews example applications and modeling toolkits for building spatial agent-based models.
The Benkelman beam is the simplest and the oldest deflection
test device, developed in the United States in the mid-1950s. Its used to measure the structural capacity of a flexible pavement.
This document discusses Benkelman beam deflection studies, which are used to evaluate the structural capacity of existing pavements and estimate overlay designs for strengthening weak pavements. The Benkelman beam test procedure involves measuring the rebound deflection of a pavement under a standard wheel load. Deflection measurements are taken at intervals along the road using the Benkelman beam and loaded truck. The results are used to calculate the true rebound deflection and characterize pavement strength statistically based on mean, standard deviation, and characteristic deflection values. Overlay design is then determined based on the statistical analysis.
Number plate recognition system using matlab.Namra Afzal
油
The document describes a student project to develop a car recognition system using MATLAB. The system aims to detect and recognize car number plates using image processing and optical character recognition algorithms. A group of three students divided the work, with one student writing the Matlab code, another interfacing the system with a microcontroller, and the third building the hardware. The document outlines the workflow and basic modules of the system, including license plate localization, character segmentation, and character recognition using template matching in Matlab. It also discusses some problems faced with the Matlab-based system.
This document discusses simulation modeling and its applications. It begins with definitions of simulation as operating a model of a system over time to study its behavior. Simulation is used to evaluate system performance under different configurations before implementation. The key advantages are exploring "what if" scenarios without disrupting real systems and testing new designs. Common applications include manufacturing, construction, military, logistics and transportation. The document outlines the steps in a simulation study and discusses when simulation is appropriate versus not. It concludes with references on modeling and simulation.
The document proposes ideas to make roads safer for all users including cyclists and pedestrians in Singapore. It suggests improving road infrastructure such as reducing lane width to lower speeds, marking bicycle signs on bus lanes, and designing junctions better. Education and law enforcement are also important to address unsafe behaviors. The goal is to facilitate safe driving which benefits all road users.
This document discusses traffic engineering and highway drainage. It covers topics such as traffic studies including volume, speed, parking and accident studies. It also discusses traffic management and control devices. For highway drainage, it discusses the necessity of drainage systems and types of surface and subsurface drainage. Traffic flow fundamentals and characteristics of road users and vehicles are also covered. The document provides details on different types of parking studies and causes and analysis of traffic accidents.
Intelligent Traffic Conrol System using Operating SystemSwapnilNarayan
油
Traffic congestion arises mostly in density populated areas where the number of road users and vehicles are on increase beyond the intended capacity of road at an instance of time. In this area, the congestion is mostly caused by violation rules, poor traffic management, accidents and low response to removal of broken down vehicles. Providing solution to this problem requires urgent attention due to its adverse effect on human daily activities such as waste of valuable time on the road, which possess treats to the economy, loss of life due to accidents and hindrances experienced by emergency vehicles in rendering their adequate services. This paper proposed a solution to control the flow of traffic at road junctions by modifying a round robin scheduling algorithm through assigning priorities to emergency vehicle at their arrivals and consequently use of traffic control barricade to enforce strict compliance of traffic rules to the vehicle road users. The results obtained show that the Modified Smart Optimized Round Robin Algorithm reduced the total and average waiting time of vehicles by 11.61%, though with a drop by 13.52% as emergency vehicle arrival increased. The continuous increase in the congestion level on public roads, especially during rush hours, is a critical problem in many countries and is becoming a major concern to transportation specialists and decision-makers.
The existing methods for traffic management, surveillance and control are not adequately efficient in terms of the performance, cost, and effort needed for maintenance and support.
For example, the 2007 Urban Mobility Report estimates the total annual cost of congestion for the 75 U.S. urban areas at 89.6 billion dollars, the value of 4.5 billion hours of delay and 6.9 billion gallons of excess fuel consumed. On a smaller scale, the traffic engineering department in Jordan estimates that the total cost due to congestion in the year 2007 was around 150 million USD. As such, there is a need for efficient solutions to this critical and important problem.
Intelligent Traffic Conrol System using Operating SystemSwapnilNarayan
油
Traffic congestion arises mostly in density populated areas where the number of road users and vehicles are on increase beyond the intended capacity of road at an instance of time. In this area, the congestion is mostly caused by violation rules, poor traffic management, accidents and low response to removal of broken down vehicles. Providing solution to this problem requires urgent attention due to its adverse effect on human daily activities such as waste of valuable time on the road, which possess treats to the economy, loss of life due to accidents and hindrances experienced by emergency vehicles in rendering their adequate services. This paper proposed a solution to control the flow of traffic at road junctions by modifying a round robin scheduling algorithm through assigning priorities to emergency vehicle at their arrivals and consequently use of traffic control barricade to enforce strict compliance of traffic rules to the vehicle road users. The results obtained show that the Modified Smart Optimized Round Robin Algorithm reduced the total and average waiting time of vehicles by 11.61%, though with a drop by 13.52% as emergency vehicle arrival increased. The continuous increase in the congestion level on public roads, especially during rush hours, is a critical problem in many countries and is becoming a major concern to transportation specialists and decision-makers.
The existing methods for traffic management, surveillance and control are not adequately efficient in terms of the performance, cost, and effort needed for maintenance and support.
For example, the 2007 Urban Mobility Report estimates the total annual cost of congestion for the 75 U.S. urban areas at 89.6 billion dollars, the value of 4.5 billion hours of delay and 6.9 billion gallons of excess fuel consumed. On a smaller scale, the traffic engineering department in Jordan estimates that the total cost due to congestion in the year 2007 was around 150 million USD. As such, there is a need for efficient solutions to this critical and important problem.
This document discusses various topics related to traffic engineering and transportation planning. It defines traffic engineering and its objectives. It then describes different types of traffic studies including volume, speed, origin-destination, capacity, and accident studies. It discusses various methods for conducting traffic volume and speed studies, including manual counting methods and automatic counting methods. It also covers parking space studies, including different types of on-street and off-street parking facilities and how parking studies are conducted.
1) Traffic management techniques include ramp metering, which uses traffic lights to control the flow of vehicles entering highways and maintain steady traffic flow.
2) Physical changes to roads, such as converting two-way streets to one-way streets, road markings, and tidal flow lanes that change direction during peak hours, can improve traffic flow.
3) Providing information through signs helps guide drivers and encourages alternatives to single-occupancy vehicles, such as high-occupancy vehicle lanes that prioritize cars with multiple passengers.
This document is a project report on a traffic light control system that uses density-based signaling. It contains an introduction that describes the history of traffic lights and the need for a density-based system to reduce traffic delays. It then defines the problem that fixed-time traffic lights can lead to wasted time. The working section explains that the system will detect traffic at each road using sensors, and allow traffic to flow based on density rather than a fixed schedule. It concludes by stating the applications are to avoid traffic jams and save time compared to traditional signaling.
Traffic Control management system using Inductive loop SensorIRJET Journal
油
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new inductive loop sensor system to help optimize traffic control management. The sensor is able to detect both large and small vehicles occupying any area of the roadway, which is important for managing heterogeneous and unregulated traffic flows. A multiple loop sensor topology can detect different vehicle types like bicycles, motorcycles, cars, and buses, and also accurately count vehicles under mixed traffic conditions. A prototype was tested that could recognize different vehicle types and count the number of each type, demonstrating the sensor system's adaptability for varied traffic situations. The goal is to provide real-time traffic data to help implement an intelligent transportation system that maximizes road utilization.
INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM(ITS) PRESENTATION Mr. Lucky
油
It is a brief presentation on the topic of INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM(ITS). This is made by final year students of civil branch pursuing their B.tech. from Abdul Kalam Technical University.
In this presentation we try to include the basic methodologies and emerged technologies now a days in transportation system, and also the new concepts of blind turn safety and Spikes on roads at Traffic Signals.
This document presents a cloud-based wrong-way vehicle motion detection system. The system uses ultrasonic sensors and limit switches to detect vehicles moving in the wrong direction in a tunnel, captures images of the vehicles using a camera, and stores the images in a cloud database. The existing manual system uses police officers but has drawbacks like high costs, low availability, and ineffectiveness during bad weather. The proposed automated system addresses these issues and can detect multiple vehicles at once in a cost-effective way without requiring human monitoring at all times.
Traffic light signals regulate traffic flow at intersections through different colored lights and timed phases. They aim to improve safety by organizing conflicting traffic streams and increase junction capacity. A signal cycle consists of phases allotted to traffic movements, with intervals for changing lights. Sensors detect vehicle presence and adjust timings. Manual design methods calculate optimal cycle lengths and phase timings based on traffic volumes and pedestrian clearance needs to minimize delays.
Design of Smart Traffic Light Controller Using Embedded SystemIOSR Journals
油
This document describes a proposed design for a smart traffic light controller system using embedded technology. It aims to address issues with conventional fixed-time traffic light systems. The key features of the proposed system include using infrared sensors to dynamically adjust light intervals based on real-time vehicle counts, prioritizing emergency vehicles by turning all other lights red, and providing traffic information to drivers via SMS to help avoid congested routes. The system is intended to minimize wait times, manage traffic loads adaptively, and help emergency vehicles pass through intersections quickly. It is presented as an improvement over other approaches in the literature such as expert systems, fuzzy logic, and magneto-resistive sensor-based systems.
This document describes a proposed two-stage traffic light system using fuzzy logic to minimize vehicle delay at intersections. The system has two modules: a traffic urgency decision module that selects the next phase to turn green based on traffic urgency, and an extension time decision module that determines how long to extend the green light phase based on vehicle numbers. Software was developed in MATLAB to simulate this system at an isolated intersection and evaluate its performance using average vehicle delay. The document reviews other related works applying fuzzy logic to traffic light control and adaptive signal systems.
GreenSwirl: Combining Traffic Signal Control and Route Guidance for Reducing ...Naoki Shibata
油
Jiaxing Xu, Weihua Sun, Naoki Shibata and Minoru Ito : "GreenSwirl: Combining Traffic Signal Control and Route Guidance for Reducing Traffic Congestion," in Proc. of IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference 2014 (IEEE VNC 2014), pp. 179-186.
Serious traffic congestion is a major social problem in large cities. Inefficient setting of traffic signal cycles, especially, is one of the main causes of congestion. GreenWave is a method for controlling traffic signals which allows one-way traffic to pass through a series of intersections without being stopped by a red light. GreenWave was tested in several cities around the world, but the results were not satisfactory. Two of the problems with GreenWave are that it still stops the crossing traffic, and it forms congestion in the traffic turning into or out of the crossing streets. To solve these problems, we propose a method of controlling traffic signals, GreenSwirl, in combination with a route guidance method, GreenDrive. GreenSwirl controls traffic signals to enable a smooth flow of traffic through signals times to turn green in succession and through non-stop circular routes through the city. The GreenWave technology is extended thereby. We also use navigation systems to optimize the overall control of the city's traffic. We did a simulation using the traffic simulator SUMO and the road network of Manhattan Island in New York. We confirmed that our method shortens the average travel time by 10%-60%, even when not all cars on the road are equipped to use this system.
Traffic volume studies collect data on the number of vehicles and pedestrians passing a point on a roadway over a period of time. This data is used for planning, design, and operations purposes. There are manual and automatic methods for conducting these studies. Manual methods involve human counters while automatic methods use sensors. The data collected is used to determine metrics like average daily traffic, peak hour volumes, and directional distribution which are then used for roadway design and traffic management.
This document summarizes the implementation of the classic Paxos consensus algorithm in Orc. It describes the key aspects of Paxos including phases 1 and 2, properties like uniqueness of proposal numbers, and how consensus is achieved even with failures of proposers or acceptors. It also discusses optimizations that can be made for efficiency but are not required for correctness.
This document summarizes a project on implementing and evaluating parallel algorithms for connected components labeling on graphs using CPU (OpenMP) and GPU (CUDA). It studied different graph types and architectures. It proposed a simple autotuning approach to choose the best technique for a given graph by characterizing graphs based on features and employing the best algorithm. It discussed motivations, definitions, basic algorithms, optimizations, experiments on datasets, and future work including more sophisticated autotuning and heterogeneous algorithms.
JPEG is a lossy image compression algorithm, not a file format. It uses a 4-step process to compress images: 1) transforming RGB to YCbCr color space, 2) applying a discrete cosine transformation to identify redundant data, 3) quantizing the remaining data, and 4) encoding the result to minimize storage requirements. Typical compression ratios are 10:1 to 20:1 without visible loss and up to 100:1 compression for low quality applications.
Hadoop is an open-source software framework for distributed storage and processing of large datasets across clusters of computers. It allows for the reliable, scalable, and distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of commodity hardware. Hadoop features the Hadoop Distributed File System for storage, and MapReduce for distributed computing. Many large companies such as Google, Yahoo, Facebook and Amazon use Hadoop for applications like log analysis, machine learning and data mining.
Presentation on Auto Tuning delivered as part of our "Software for Multicore Processors" course at UT Austin. It covers the basics of AutoTuning and details of two library generators called PhiPAC and ATLAS.
Experienced Architectural Engineer & Project manager offering 23+ years of a successful career with diverse roles distinguished by commended performance in leading a team of architects and project engineers with focus on transforming client ideas into beautiful and functional design solutions
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Credit of success in leading projects ranging from Hi-tech town planning, educational institute,Industrial projects high rise apartments, mixed use development, commercials, retail (mall and multiplexes), hill Housing, plotted development, Luxury villa design, hotel design and industrial to hi-end interiors of mall .
Download Adobe After Effects Crack Latest Version [Updated]muhaamadalhan
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Adobe After Effects is a powerful motion graphics and visual effects software used to create stunning animations.
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Download a free trial of AutoCAD LT for Windows or Mac. Learn how to create 2D drawings with free AutoCAD LT tutorials and learning resources.
Best practices to avoid motion sickness, migraines, and seizures in video games. Presented at the Game Accessibility Conference 2025 by Aderyn Thompson and Stacey Jenkins of Ubisoft. Includes all currently known triggers for motion sickness and migraines as well as best practices for photosensitivity.
1. SIMANUPULATE
QUARK '08
By
Hemanth Mantri, Anil Kumar, Lenin
B.E(Hons)Computer Science
BITS Pilani, Goa Campus
2. Problem statement : Simulation of traffic flow at a junction
Software Used : NETLOGO 3.0.2
3. Why Traffic signaling ?
Fast facts
An average Indian in metros spends 6 days in an year in
traffic jams
37% of the road accidents in India are due to improper
traffic control .
Courtesy : wikipedia
4. Why Traffic signaling ?
The initial cost of installing traffic signal is justified by
The saving in time
Reducing anxiety
Eliminating manual effort.
Need to design an optimum system to meet individual
junction needs.
5. DESIGN OBJECTIVES :
Must be simple
Easily adaptable to the existing traffic conditions at the
junction
Must provide the quickest possible clearance to vehicular
and pedestrian traffic in all directions
Must be flexible enough to take care of change in the traffic
density and character with time.
6. The equipment must be easy to start, operate and
maintain
Withstand severe weather conditions and supply voltage
fluctuations.
Careful study and analysis of the traffic flow at the
required junction is carried out beforehand to select the
most economical system.
7. Our Model :
Quick view
Simulates a busy traffic intersection in which the
vehicles come from the four directions namely East,
West, North and South.
Aims to avoid accidents and to manage the waiting
times of the vehicles
Includes as many real time inputs as possible.
8. Assumptions:
Each direction of traffic junction has two lanes.
Each square patch (Netlogo term) can be empty or occupied
by exactly 1 vehicle. All vehicles are of same size is assumed
implicitly here.
Explicitly forbids collisions and overtaking.
Pedestrians and Vehicles obey traffic signals (at least up to a
threshold time). This is OK because they are not made to wait
indefinitely.
9. vehicles :
Allowed to come from the four directions.
Randomly move towards any of the other three directions
Frequency of vehicles on each of the 4 directions is adjustable
Try to move to the patch ahead on each time-step and remain
where they are if the patch ahead is occupied
or if the traffic signal prevents them from moving.
Stop when the signal is red BUT up to a limited time beyond
which they lose patience.
10. Vehicles at a traffic light about to enter the intersection will
not do so only if there are not more than a specified amount
of cars already in the intersection area.
While a vehicle is stopped its wait-time counter increases by
1 every time-step.
11. Pedestrians:
Also come from the four directions
Cross the road only when all the signals are red (pedestrian
signal on)
When the PEDESTRIAN switch is on or their count crosses a
given threshold the signal favors pedestrians
Graphs/Monitors :
The monitors show the number of vehicles waiting on each
directions and also their avg speeds.
The throughput graph shows the number of vehicles that cross
the junction in given time. The aim is maximize this.
12. What's New?
Adaptive to the vehicle frequency in switching the lights.
No indefinite waiting.
Provision for pedestrians
Monitoring vehicle throughput
Considers the number of waiting cars in every direction
and signals adjust themselves to reduce this.