- Boyle-Mariotte's law: At a fixed temperature, the pressure (P) and volume (V) of a gas are inversely proportional. PV = constant.
- Charles' law: At a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature. V/T = constant.
- Gay-Lussac's law: At a constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature. P/T = constant.
- The ideal gas kinetic theory model describes gas molecules as small, hard spheres that move rapidly in straight lines, colliding elastically. The average kinetic energy of the molecules depends only on temperature.
1. The document discusses molecular physics, specifically the first law of thermodynamics regarding energy changes in processes. It defines internal energy (U) as the sum of kinetic energy from motion and potential energy from interactions between particles in a system.
2. It explains how internal energy depends on the state of the system and can change through work or heat transfer. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy change in a system equals the heat transferred plus the work done.
3. It also discusses how internal energy can change through work done by or on the system, and how this relates to pressure-volume work based on the gas laws.
1. The document discusses molecular physics, specifically the first law of thermodynamics regarding energy changes in processes. It defines internal energy (U) as the sum of kinetic energy from motion and potential energy from interactions between particles in a system.
2. It explains how internal energy depends on the state of the system and can change through work or heat transfer. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy change in a system equals the heat transferred plus the work done.
3. It also discusses how internal energy can change through work done by or on the system, and how this relates to pressure-volume work based on the gas laws.