Type history
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This document provides a history of typography from ancient times to the modern digital age. It begins with definitions of typographic terms like serif, sans serif, and point size. Next, it traces the evolution of written languages from early examples in Egypt and Phoenicia to the development of the Greek and Latin alphabets. It then covers the transition to movable type with inventions like paper and woodblock printing in Asia. Finally, it discusses major typeface design movements like Blackletter, Renaissance, and Geometric Modernist styles and the development of printing technologies like the printing press, linotype machine, and offset lithography.
Type history
- 2. Anatomy of Type ABCDEFGHIJKLM NOPQRSTUVWX YZabcdefghijklmn opqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 Serif Slab Serif Sans Serif Semi-Sans Point Size Stroke Axis Contrast Counter Bowl Aperture Terminal
- 4. Early Communication 3500BC Egyptian, 3500 BC - AD 400 Logographic
- 5. Early Writing 1050 BC Phoenician 1050 BC 22 letters Adjab = no vowels Southern Europe to Middle East to Northern Africa Phoenician Alphabet
- 6. Early Writing 1000 BC Hebrew 1000 BC 22 letters Adjab = no vowels Asia Minor Hebrew Inscription in Italy
- 7. Early Writing 900 BC Greek 900 BC 24 letters vowels Asia Minor & Southern Europe Greek Inscription
- 8. Early Writing 800 BC Etruscan 800-100 BC 26 letters vowels Southern Italy Latin Inscription Latin 700 BC 21 letters vowels Southern Italy > Western Europe
- 9. Evolution of Written Language Letter B
- 10. Transition to Movable Type Paper invented in East Asia c. 105 AD Woodblock Printing Korea, 800 AD Movable Type China, Sung Dynasty C. 1000AD Koren woodblocks used for printing
- 11. The Written Word Book of Kells, AD 800
- 12. Movable Type 1450 Johanes Gutenberg develops technique to cast individual letters in lead and use a modified olive press. Reproduction now more economic and efficient Cast type and early printing press
- 13. Movable Type 1900s Linotype Machine
- 14. Type in the Digital Age Offset Lithography
- 15. Typeface Movements Simulate handwriting Blackletter Simulated handwriting Humanist axis; penformed serifs, large aperture Renaissance 15-16th century Baroque 17th century Variable axis, modelled serifs, moderate aperture
- 16. Typeface Movements Neoclassical 18th century Vertical axis, modulated stroke, refined serifs, tear-drop terminals, moderate aperture Vertical axis; high contrast, thin serifs, ball terminals, small aperature Romantic 18-19th century
- 17. Typeface Movements Vertical axis, unmodulated stroke, serifs = stroke, or absent, small aperture Realist 19th -20th century Geometric Modernist 20th century Vertical axis; unmodulated stroke, no serifs, moderate aperature
- 18. Typeface Movements Realist Revisted Vertical axis, unmodulated stroke, serifs = stroke, or absent, small aperture Swiss Movement International Typeface Movement mid 20th century