IRJET- Automatic Detection of Crack Fault in Railway TrackIRJET Journal
油
The document describes a proposed system to automatically detect cracks in railway tracks using sensors to improve safety. The system uses IR sensors mounted on a robot to detect cracks, a GPS module to determine the location of any cracks found, and Bluetooth to send the crack location data to a mobile phone or control room. When a crack is detected, the IR sensors send a signal to a NodeMCU microcontroller which triggers an alarm and sends the crack coordinates via Bluetooth. The proposed low-cost system aims to detect cracks faster and more reliably than manual inspection methods to help prevent railway accidents.
This document describes a bus tracking system that uses GPS and GSM modules to track the location of buses in real-time and provide that information to users. The system hardware installed on buses uses a GPS module to detect location and a GSM module to send the location data to the cloud. An Android mobile app then allows users to view buses' current locations on a map. The system aims to address issues with public transportation systems like not knowing arrival times or available seats. It provides real-time bus tracking to improve the user experience.
The document describes a project report submitted for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering. The report discusses the development of a smart parking system using IoT. The system aims to efficiently manage parking facilities and provide an empty parking slot number to users through a mobile app to reduce time spent searching for available spots. It presents the system architecture and implementation details. Experimental results show that the system is able to detect vacant and occupied slots and guide users to available spaces without wasting time.
The document describes a smart parking system project report submitted by Raj Mani M and Vagish V Bhat. The project was done under the guidance of Ms. Navaneetha M at CMR Institute of Technology. The report includes an introduction describing the motivation and objectives of the project, a literature review of related work, requirements specification, system design and implementation details. It also provides the results and testing of the smart parking system developed.
ARDUINO BASED CAR PARKING SYSTEM USING WOKWI SIMULATORIRJET Journal
油
The document describes a proposed Arduino-based smart parking system using IoT technologies. It would use ultrasonic sensors connected to Arduino microcontrollers to detect available parking spaces. The Arduino devices would send this parking availability data via wireless communication to a central server. Users could access real-time parking space information through a mobile app or web interface. The system aims to improve parking management and efficiency by optimizing space usage and reducing congestion compared to traditional methods.
IRJET - A Design Thinking based Smart Parking System for Vehicle Parking ...IRJET Journal
油
This document proposes an IoT-based smart parking system that uses various sensors and communication technologies. IR sensors would detect whether a parking space is occupied and send that data via GSM/GPRS modules to a microcontroller. The availability of free spaces and their locations would then be communicated to users through a mobile application. This would help both users in finding parking more efficiently and owners in managing parking resources better. The system aims to address common parking issues in cities by providing real-time data on spaces and guiding users to available spots using an online interface.
Bluetooth Controlled Garbage Collection Robot ArmIRJET Journal
油
We've designed a semi-autonomous robotic arm that can collect scrap materials. The robotic arm has 5 degrees of freedom and is controlled via an Arduino board and Bluetooth module. It uses servo motors and stepper motors to manipulate the arm and a claw to pick up scrap. The arm was 3D printed using PLA plastic. An Android app was created to send commands to the Arduino via Bluetooth to control the arm's movement and allow remote operation. The goal was to develop an affordable robotic system to assist with scrap collection in a safe and efficient manner.
The document describes a student project to develop an IoT-based traffic signal monitoring and control system. A team of 5 students - A.Deepthi Reddy, A.Guru Sravya, B.Sreya, G.K.Vaishnavi, and K.Shirisha from Vardhaman College of Engineering are working on the project. The system will use sensors to monitor traffic densities at signals and transmit the data online to controllers. It will provide a GUI for controllers to remotely monitor traffic and override signals if needed. The goal is to automate traffic signaling while allowing for manual overrides over the internet.
The document summarizes a project report for an autonomous robot named NA-YATR submitted to The Robotics Club. The report describes the components used including Arduino, motors, sensors, and software. It explains the working of the robot using A* pathfinding and ultrasonic sensors for obstacle avoidance. Experimental results showed the robot could efficiently detect obstacles and change paths to reach its destination. Future enhancements are discussed to improve functionality.
IRJET - A Real-Time Pothole Detection Approach for a Safety Transportation Sy...IRJET Journal
油
This document proposes a real-time pothole detection system to improve transportation safety. The system uses an accelerometer sensor to detect potholes by measuring deviations in road surface acceleration. An onboard GPS module provides the location of detected potholes. This location data, along with light and noise readings from an LDR and microphone, is uploaded to the cloud and plotted on Google Maps. The goal is to reduce accidents caused by unexpected potholes by making drivers aware of their locations.
Project report on IR based vehicle with automatic braking and driver awakenin...Neeraj Khatri
油
IR Based Vehicle With AUTOMATIC BRAKING and DRIVER AWAKENING System (2014)
In this Project When any obstacle comes in front of the vehicle in a fixed range then the automatic brakes are applied and the vehicle sounds an alarm and also a very small current is produced on the steering of the vehicle. If the vehicle met with an accident then a call is generated on the last dialled number from the phone which is placed in the vehicle.
This document describes a smart parking system project submitted by two students, Raj Mani and Vagish V Bhat, to Visvesvaraya Technological University in fulfillment of their Bachelor of Engineering degree. The system uses IoT technology including sensors and a mobile app to detect available parking spots and guide users to them. It aims to reduce traffic and congestion caused by the difficulty in finding parking. The document outlines the system requirements, design which includes Node MCU, LCD display and IR sensors, and implementation including setup and functions like parking, unparking and notifying users of full lots.
SMART CAR PARKING SYSTEM USING IR SENSORIRJET Journal
油
The document describes a smart car parking system that was proposed to help drivers more easily find available parking spaces. The system uses IR sensors to count the number of cars entering and leaving the parking area. It displays the available parking spaces at the entrance. When a car enters, the gate opens automatically using sensors and motors. The system aims to reduce traffic and save people time searching for parking by informing them of availability. It also allows for online pre-booking of parking spaces. The experiment results showed the real-time output of the parking availability display and online booking webpage.
This document summarizes a research paper on a shortest path follower robot. It describes the design of a line following robot that can detect the shortest path using IR sensors to follow a black line on a white surface. The robot uses an Arduino microcontroller connected to IR sensors and motors to determine the optimal path between a starting point and destination. It aims to solve the single source shortest path problem by identifying obstacles and navigating efficiently. The system architecture includes IR sensors to detect the line, motors to move the robot, and an Arduino board to process sensor readings and control the motors to follow the shortest route.
IRJET- Image Processing based Intelligent Traffic Control and Monitoring ...IRJET Journal
油
This document summarizes a research paper on an intelligent traffic control and monitoring system using image processing and the Internet of Things. The system aims to reduce traffic congestion by controlling traffic lights based on real-time traffic density detected through image processing of vehicle images. It consists of hardware and software modules. The hardware uses cameras to capture vehicle images and the software uses image processing techniques like object detection and classification to detect and count vehicles in real-time and estimate traffic density. This information is then used to dynamically adjust traffic light timings with the goal of optimizing traffic flow and reducing waiting times at signals. The system is meant to provide a more efficient solution to traffic management than conventional fixed-time traffic light control systems.
ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGAEMENT SYSTEM presentation.pptxSurajKundu8
油
This document provides information about a project to develop a Road Construction and Management System (RCMS) using artificial intelligence and machine learning. The project aims to automate the process of scheduling road repairs by allowing citizens to submit complaints, officials to verify issues, and contractors to be assigned projects in an unbiased manner. The proposed system will cluster contractors based on their location and use k-means and k-NN algorithms to assign projects within contractors' localities. The expected web interface will allow citizens, officials, and contractors to login and interface with the machine learning core, which will learn from completed projects to continuously improve scheduling. Technologies to be used include Python, MySQL, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATION FOR ACCIDENT-AVOIDANCE SYSTEMIRJET Journal
油
1) The document describes a vehicle-to-vehicle communication system to avoid accidents. The system uses wireless communication between vehicles to transmit position and speed data to avoid collisions.
2) The system includes Arduino controllers in each vehicle to handle the wireless communication. An alert is sent to the driver via buzzer and LCD display when another vehicle approaches. The speed may also be reduced automatically to avoid collisions.
3) The goal is to improve safety for vehicles, passengers, and pedestrians by preventing collisions through wireless data transmission between vehicles using technologies like Bluetooth, GPS, GSM, and an accelerometer.
: This paper is aimed at designing a density based dynamic traffic signal system where the timing
of signal will change automatically on sensing the traffic density at any junction using the IoT technology. Traffic
congestion is a severe problem in most cities across the world and therefore it is time to shift more manual mode
or fixed timer mode to an automated system with decision making capabilities. To optimize this problem, we have
made a framework for an intelligent traffic control system. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the
junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted time. We therefore propose here a
mechanism in which the time period of green light and red light is assigned on the basis of the density of the
traffic present at the time. This is achieved by using LIDAR sensors.
Arduino Obstacle Avoiding and voice control carvrpagar45
油
This project creates a voice-controlled robot vehicle that responds to commands like left, right, forward, back, and stop through a Bluetooth-connected Android app. An Arduino UNO microcontroller processes the commands in the vehicle. The current implementation uses ZigBee for short-range control up to 100 meters and long-range modules for distant communication. The robot vehicle assembly connects various electronic components like motors and sensors to the Arduino board. Applications include use as an educational tool, accessibility aid, or entertainment through obstacle course racing. Advantages are that it provides an educational experience while allowing for customization and accessibility support.
DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLEIRJET Journal
油
This document describes the design and development of an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). The UGV was designed to perform tasks in dangerous situations as a replacement for humans. It uses sensors like a camera and metal detection sensor to monitor its surroundings. An Arduino microcontroller controls DC motors and servo motors via an L293D motor driver to move the vehicle and camera. The UGV is designed to detect metals using the sensor and send location coordinates via GSM if anything is found. The document outlines the objectives, methodology, components used, and working principle of the UGV. It was developed over phases that included research, design using CATIA software, component selection, manufacturing, and coding to create a working prototype.
IRJET- On Board Diagnostics (OBD)3 for Vehicular ManagementIRJET Journal
油
This document proposes an online vehicle emissions monitoring system using onboard diagnostics (OBD) to help reduce air pollution in cities. The system would use sensors to monitor emissions and vehicle parameters, an onboard computer to analyze the data and identify issues, and RFID tags and wireless communication to transmit the data to authorities. This would allow real-time monitoring of individual vehicles to enforce emissions regulations and policies more effectively than current periodic testing methods. The system is intended to help address the major problem of air pollution caused by the increasing number of vehicles in cities.
A computer vision-based lane detection approach for an autonomous vehicle usi...Md. Faishal Rahaman
油
Lane detection systems play a critical role in ensuring safe and secure driving by alerting the driver of lane departures. Lane detection may also save passengers' lives if they go off the road owing to driver distraction. The article presents a three-step approach for detecting lanes on high-speed video pictures in real-time and invariant lighting. The first phase involves doing appropriate prepossessing, such as noise reduction, RGB to grey-scale conversion, and binarizing the input picture. Then, a polygon area in front of the vehicle is picked as the zone of interest to accelerate processing. Finally, the edge detection technique is used to acquire the image's edges in the area of interest, and the Hough transform is used to identify lanes on both sides of the vehicle. The suggested approach was implemented using the IROADS database as a data source. The recommended method is effective in various daylight circumstances, including sunny, snowy, and rainy days, as well as inside tunnels. The proposed approach processes frame on average in 28 milliseconds and have a detection accuracy of 96.78 per cent, as shown by implementation results. This article aims to provide a simple technique for identifying road lines on high-speed video pictures utilizing the edge feature.
SMART SOLUTION FOR RESOLVING HEAVY TRAFFIC USING IOTIRJET Journal
油
The document proposes a smart solution using IoT technology to reduce heavy traffic jams. The system uses camera sensors to detect traffic density and transmits this data to a Raspberry Pi. The Raspberry Pi processes the images to determine traffic density and displays this information on an LCD screen. The system is also connected to the cloud to store and analyze traffic data. The results show the system can accurately detect traffic density and provide real-time updates to help reduce congestion.
This document discusses autonomous path-following robots for industrial applications. It aims to better understand the challenges of using such robots, like enabling them to work well with different sensors, follow rules, and operate safely around people. The study will look at how to make the robots navigate paths independently in a way that eliminates the need for human guidance while enhancing workplace safety. Finding solutions to these problems could help companies more easily employ these robots, saving time and money through increased productivity and safety standards.
IRJET- IoT based Motion Control System of a Robotic carIRJET Journal
油
This document describes an IoT-based motion control system for a robotic car. The system uses an Arduino NodeMCU as the central control unit connected to a WiFi module for wireless control. It also includes IR obstacle sensors to detect and avoid obstacles. The user can control the car's movement and monitor its location using a mobile application. The application sends commands to a cloud service which relays them to the Arduino. The Arduino controls the car's motors based on the commands and sensor readings, enabling wireless remote control and obstacle avoidance. The overall system allows efficient wireless control of the robotic car's motion.
The document describes a student project to develop an IoT-based traffic signal monitoring and control system. A team of 5 students - A.Deepthi Reddy, A.Guru Sravya, B.Sreya, G.K.Vaishnavi, and K.Shirisha from Vardhaman College of Engineering are working on the project. The system will use sensors to monitor traffic densities at signals and transmit the data online to controllers. It will provide a GUI for controllers to remotely monitor traffic and override signals if needed. The goal is to automate traffic signaling while allowing for manual overrides over the internet.
The document summarizes a project report for an autonomous robot named NA-YATR submitted to The Robotics Club. The report describes the components used including Arduino, motors, sensors, and software. It explains the working of the robot using A* pathfinding and ultrasonic sensors for obstacle avoidance. Experimental results showed the robot could efficiently detect obstacles and change paths to reach its destination. Future enhancements are discussed to improve functionality.
IRJET - A Real-Time Pothole Detection Approach for a Safety Transportation Sy...IRJET Journal
油
This document proposes a real-time pothole detection system to improve transportation safety. The system uses an accelerometer sensor to detect potholes by measuring deviations in road surface acceleration. An onboard GPS module provides the location of detected potholes. This location data, along with light and noise readings from an LDR and microphone, is uploaded to the cloud and plotted on Google Maps. The goal is to reduce accidents caused by unexpected potholes by making drivers aware of their locations.
Project report on IR based vehicle with automatic braking and driver awakenin...Neeraj Khatri
油
IR Based Vehicle With AUTOMATIC BRAKING and DRIVER AWAKENING System (2014)
In this Project When any obstacle comes in front of the vehicle in a fixed range then the automatic brakes are applied and the vehicle sounds an alarm and also a very small current is produced on the steering of the vehicle. If the vehicle met with an accident then a call is generated on the last dialled number from the phone which is placed in the vehicle.
This document describes a smart parking system project submitted by two students, Raj Mani and Vagish V Bhat, to Visvesvaraya Technological University in fulfillment of their Bachelor of Engineering degree. The system uses IoT technology including sensors and a mobile app to detect available parking spots and guide users to them. It aims to reduce traffic and congestion caused by the difficulty in finding parking. The document outlines the system requirements, design which includes Node MCU, LCD display and IR sensors, and implementation including setup and functions like parking, unparking and notifying users of full lots.
SMART CAR PARKING SYSTEM USING IR SENSORIRJET Journal
油
The document describes a smart car parking system that was proposed to help drivers more easily find available parking spaces. The system uses IR sensors to count the number of cars entering and leaving the parking area. It displays the available parking spaces at the entrance. When a car enters, the gate opens automatically using sensors and motors. The system aims to reduce traffic and save people time searching for parking by informing them of availability. It also allows for online pre-booking of parking spaces. The experiment results showed the real-time output of the parking availability display and online booking webpage.
This document summarizes a research paper on a shortest path follower robot. It describes the design of a line following robot that can detect the shortest path using IR sensors to follow a black line on a white surface. The robot uses an Arduino microcontroller connected to IR sensors and motors to determine the optimal path between a starting point and destination. It aims to solve the single source shortest path problem by identifying obstacles and navigating efficiently. The system architecture includes IR sensors to detect the line, motors to move the robot, and an Arduino board to process sensor readings and control the motors to follow the shortest route.
IRJET- Image Processing based Intelligent Traffic Control and Monitoring ...IRJET Journal
油
This document summarizes a research paper on an intelligent traffic control and monitoring system using image processing and the Internet of Things. The system aims to reduce traffic congestion by controlling traffic lights based on real-time traffic density detected through image processing of vehicle images. It consists of hardware and software modules. The hardware uses cameras to capture vehicle images and the software uses image processing techniques like object detection and classification to detect and count vehicles in real-time and estimate traffic density. This information is then used to dynamically adjust traffic light timings with the goal of optimizing traffic flow and reducing waiting times at signals. The system is meant to provide a more efficient solution to traffic management than conventional fixed-time traffic light control systems.
ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGAEMENT SYSTEM presentation.pptxSurajKundu8
油
This document provides information about a project to develop a Road Construction and Management System (RCMS) using artificial intelligence and machine learning. The project aims to automate the process of scheduling road repairs by allowing citizens to submit complaints, officials to verify issues, and contractors to be assigned projects in an unbiased manner. The proposed system will cluster contractors based on their location and use k-means and k-NN algorithms to assign projects within contractors' localities. The expected web interface will allow citizens, officials, and contractors to login and interface with the machine learning core, which will learn from completed projects to continuously improve scheduling. Technologies to be used include Python, MySQL, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
VEHICLE TO VEHICLE COMMUNICATION FOR ACCIDENT-AVOIDANCE SYSTEMIRJET Journal
油
1) The document describes a vehicle-to-vehicle communication system to avoid accidents. The system uses wireless communication between vehicles to transmit position and speed data to avoid collisions.
2) The system includes Arduino controllers in each vehicle to handle the wireless communication. An alert is sent to the driver via buzzer and LCD display when another vehicle approaches. The speed may also be reduced automatically to avoid collisions.
3) The goal is to improve safety for vehicles, passengers, and pedestrians by preventing collisions through wireless data transmission between vehicles using technologies like Bluetooth, GPS, GSM, and an accelerometer.
: This paper is aimed at designing a density based dynamic traffic signal system where the timing
of signal will change automatically on sensing the traffic density at any junction using the IoT technology. Traffic
congestion is a severe problem in most cities across the world and therefore it is time to shift more manual mode
or fixed timer mode to an automated system with decision making capabilities. To optimize this problem, we have
made a framework for an intelligent traffic control system. Sometimes higher traffic density at one side of the
junction demands longer green time as compared to standard allotted time. We therefore propose here a
mechanism in which the time period of green light and red light is assigned on the basis of the density of the
traffic present at the time. This is achieved by using LIDAR sensors.
Arduino Obstacle Avoiding and voice control carvrpagar45
油
This project creates a voice-controlled robot vehicle that responds to commands like left, right, forward, back, and stop through a Bluetooth-connected Android app. An Arduino UNO microcontroller processes the commands in the vehicle. The current implementation uses ZigBee for short-range control up to 100 meters and long-range modules for distant communication. The robot vehicle assembly connects various electronic components like motors and sensors to the Arduino board. Applications include use as an educational tool, accessibility aid, or entertainment through obstacle course racing. Advantages are that it provides an educational experience while allowing for customization and accessibility support.
DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLEIRJET Journal
油
This document describes the design and development of an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). The UGV was designed to perform tasks in dangerous situations as a replacement for humans. It uses sensors like a camera and metal detection sensor to monitor its surroundings. An Arduino microcontroller controls DC motors and servo motors via an L293D motor driver to move the vehicle and camera. The UGV is designed to detect metals using the sensor and send location coordinates via GSM if anything is found. The document outlines the objectives, methodology, components used, and working principle of the UGV. It was developed over phases that included research, design using CATIA software, component selection, manufacturing, and coding to create a working prototype.
IRJET- On Board Diagnostics (OBD)3 for Vehicular ManagementIRJET Journal
油
This document proposes an online vehicle emissions monitoring system using onboard diagnostics (OBD) to help reduce air pollution in cities. The system would use sensors to monitor emissions and vehicle parameters, an onboard computer to analyze the data and identify issues, and RFID tags and wireless communication to transmit the data to authorities. This would allow real-time monitoring of individual vehicles to enforce emissions regulations and policies more effectively than current periodic testing methods. The system is intended to help address the major problem of air pollution caused by the increasing number of vehicles in cities.
A computer vision-based lane detection approach for an autonomous vehicle usi...Md. Faishal Rahaman
油
Lane detection systems play a critical role in ensuring safe and secure driving by alerting the driver of lane departures. Lane detection may also save passengers' lives if they go off the road owing to driver distraction. The article presents a three-step approach for detecting lanes on high-speed video pictures in real-time and invariant lighting. The first phase involves doing appropriate prepossessing, such as noise reduction, RGB to grey-scale conversion, and binarizing the input picture. Then, a polygon area in front of the vehicle is picked as the zone of interest to accelerate processing. Finally, the edge detection technique is used to acquire the image's edges in the area of interest, and the Hough transform is used to identify lanes on both sides of the vehicle. The suggested approach was implemented using the IROADS database as a data source. The recommended method is effective in various daylight circumstances, including sunny, snowy, and rainy days, as well as inside tunnels. The proposed approach processes frame on average in 28 milliseconds and have a detection accuracy of 96.78 per cent, as shown by implementation results. This article aims to provide a simple technique for identifying road lines on high-speed video pictures utilizing the edge feature.
SMART SOLUTION FOR RESOLVING HEAVY TRAFFIC USING IOTIRJET Journal
油
The document proposes a smart solution using IoT technology to reduce heavy traffic jams. The system uses camera sensors to detect traffic density and transmits this data to a Raspberry Pi. The Raspberry Pi processes the images to determine traffic density and displays this information on an LCD screen. The system is also connected to the cloud to store and analyze traffic data. The results show the system can accurately detect traffic density and provide real-time updates to help reduce congestion.
This document discusses autonomous path-following robots for industrial applications. It aims to better understand the challenges of using such robots, like enabling them to work well with different sensors, follow rules, and operate safely around people. The study will look at how to make the robots navigate paths independently in a way that eliminates the need for human guidance while enhancing workplace safety. Finding solutions to these problems could help companies more easily employ these robots, saving time and money through increased productivity and safety standards.
IRJET- IoT based Motion Control System of a Robotic carIRJET Journal
油
This document describes an IoT-based motion control system for a robotic car. The system uses an Arduino NodeMCU as the central control unit connected to a WiFi module for wireless control. It also includes IR obstacle sensors to detect and avoid obstacles. The user can control the car's movement and monitor its location using a mobile application. The application sends commands to a cloud service which relays them to the Arduino. The Arduino controls the car's motors based on the commands and sensor readings, enabling wireless remote control and obstacle avoidance. The overall system allows efficient wireless control of the robotic car's motion.
AP Ch 18 Basic Electric Currents-Teacher.pptMdSazibMollik
油
This document provides an overview of Chapter 18 from an AP Physics textbook. It covers basic electric circuits including resistances in series and parallel, Kirchhoff's rules for analyzing multi-loop circuits, and how to use ammeters and voltmeters. Homework problems are assigned from pages 592-596 of the textbook.
Series-Parallel Circuits for electrical circuit.pptxMdSazibMollik
油
The document discusses series-parallel circuits and how to analyze them. It explains that series-parallel networks contain both series and parallel configurations that can be reduced to an equivalent circuit. The document also covers converting between delta () and wye (Y) configurations using mathematical formulas. Examples are provided to demonstrate finding unknown voltages and currents in a series-parallel circuit and converting between and Y networks.
This document discusses different pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques for inverter control. It describes single pulse modulation, multiple pulse modulation, sinusoidal pulse modulation, and phase displacement control. PWM techniques allow for efficient internal control of the output voltage of an inverter by varying the pulse width. Using multiple pulses or sinusoidal pulses reduces harmonics in the output voltage. Phase displacement control combines the output of multiple inverters with phase shifts between them to control voltage. PWM techniques provide voltage regulation without additional stages but require fast switching devices and complex control circuits.
The document discusses various transformer protections, including oil temperature indicators (OTI), winding temperature indicators (WTI), Buchholz relays, surge protection relays, pressure relief valves, differential protection, and restricted earth fault protection. These protections monitor factors like temperature, pressure, fluid levels, and current ratios to detect faults and protect the transformer. When they detect issues, they will signal alarms or trip the transformer out of service by opening a circuit breaker.
The document discusses various types of power semiconductor devices used in power electronics. It covers power diodes, power transistors including BJTs, MOSFETs, IGBTs, and SITs. It also discusses thyristors such as SCRs, triacs, GTOs, and their characteristics. The key devices covered in detail include their structure, V-I characteristics, switching characteristics, and applications. Comparisons are made between different power devices like BJTs and MOSFETs, and IGBTs. Triggering methods for thyristors such as forward voltage, gate, dv/dt, temperature and light triggering are also summarized.
The document describes the operation and design considerations of a buck/boost DC-DC converter circuit. It provides equations to calculate component ratings for the input inductor, output capacitor, MOSFET, diode, and other parts. Design examples are given to illustrate how to select appropriate component values and ratings to ensure continuous inductor currents and minimize output voltage ripple.
The document discusses thyristors and thyristor firing circuits. It can be summarized as:
1. Thyristors are power semiconductor devices that control power flow through regenerative action. They are used extensively in power electronics circuits.
2. The most common method for controlling thyristor turn-on is through gate voltage control using a firing circuit. Firing circuits must produce trigger pulses at the desired times and isolate the low-voltage gate circuit from the high-voltage power circuit.
3. Common firing circuit types include resistance, RC, UJT, and pulse transformer circuits. Resistance circuits have limited control range while RC circuits provide 0-180 degree control. UJT circuits provide efficient switching with
A coal-fired power plant operates on the Rankine thermodynamic cycle. Coal is pulverized and burned in a boiler to produce high pressure steam, which spins turbines connected to generators to produce electricity. The steam is then condensed in a condenser and returned to the boiler to repeat the cycle. Coal-fired power plants have low capital costs but low efficiency around 35-42% and contribute significantly to air pollution and global warming.
This document summarizes the tariff filing and proposals of CESU for the fiscal year 2007-2008. Some key points:
- CESU is requesting a revenue requirement of Rs. 1123.52 crore, with anticipated sales of 3189.70 MU and distribution losses of 39.05%.
- CESU is proposing an overall average tariff increase of 16.35% to Rs. 331.59/unit, with increases of 22.36% for LT, 10.41% for HT, and 7.78% for EHT.
- Several objectors raised issues with the filing, including concerns about high distribution losses, unrealistic loss and collection figures, treatment of past
Transformers are electrical devices that increase or decrease alternating current (AC) voltages through the principle of electromagnetic induction. They consist of two coils - a primary coil and secondary coil - wrapped around an iron core. When an alternating current flows through the primary coil, it induces an alternating voltage in the secondary coil. The ratio of the number of turns in the primary coil to the number of turns in the secondary coil determines the ratio of the voltages. Transformers are used to efficiently transfer electrical power from one circuit to another while isolating the two circuits. Common transformer types include isolation transformers and autotransformers.
This document discusses the principle of operation of 3-phase induction motors. It explains that a 3-phase induction motor operates using a rotating magnetic field produced by a 3-phase AC current in the stator windings which causes the rotor to turn. As the rotor turns slightly slower than the rotating magnetic field, a slip is produced which induces currents in the rotor windings to generate torque. The torque causes the rotor to accelerate until the motor reaches its operating speed where the torque exactly balances the mechanical load on the shaft.
This document discusses transformers and capacitor smoothing circuits. It explains that transformers convert alternating voltage and current from one level to another with little power loss using electromagnetic induction without moving parts. It describes the principles of an ideal transformer, including its operation and efficiency calculations accounting for I2R and core losses. It also covers determining the capacitance required for smoothing DC output from a rectifier circuit, using linear approximations for capacitor voltage rise and fall times.
This document discusses transformers and capacitor smoothing circuits. It explains that transformers convert alternating voltage and current from one level to another with little power loss using electromagnetic induction without moving parts. It describes the principles of an ideal transformer, including its operation and efficiency calculations. It also covers transformer losses from I2R heating and core losses. The document then discusses using capacitors to smooth the output of rectifier circuits, providing approximations to calculate the required capacitor value to limit ripple voltage.
This document summarizes the tariff filing and proposal of CESU for the fiscal year 2007-2008. It includes details of CESU's revenue requirement, power purchase, anticipated sales by category, distribution and AT&C losses, existing and proposed average tariffs, and proposed increases. It also outlines broad objections raised by stakeholders, including issues around distribution losses, collection efficiency, cross-subsidies, consumer classification, financial matters like past losses, and computation of load factor.
How to Manage Putaway Rule in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
油
Inventory management is a critical aspect of any business involved in manufacturing or selling products.
Odoo 17 offers a robust inventory management system that can handle complex operations and optimize warehouse efficiency.
Computer Application in Business (commerce)Sudar Sudar
油
The main objectives
1. To introduce the concept of computer and its various parts. 2. To explain the concept of data base management system and Management information system.
3. To provide insight about networking and basics of internet
Recall various terms of computer and its part
Understand the meaning of software, operating system, programming language and its features
Comparing Data Vs Information and its management system Understanding about various concepts of management information system
Explain about networking and elements based on internet
1. Recall the various concepts relating to computer and its various parts
2 Understand the meaning of softwares, operating system etc
3 Understanding the meaning and utility of database management system
4 Evaluate the various aspects of management information system
5 Generating more ideas regarding the use of internet for business purpose
How to Configure Restaurants in Odoo 17 Point of SaleCeline George
油
Odoo, a versatile and integrated business management software, excels with its robust Point of Sale (POS) module. This guide delves into the intricacies of configuring restaurants in Odoo 17 POS, unlocking numerous possibilities for streamlined operations and enhanced customer experiences.
How to attach file using upload button Odoo 18Celine George
油
In this slide, well discuss on how to attach file using upload button Odoo 18. Odoo features a dedicated model, 'ir.attachments,' designed for storing attachments submitted by end users. We can see the process of utilizing the 'ir.attachments' model to enable file uploads through web forms in this slide.
APM event hosted by the South Wales and West of England Network (SWWE Network)
Speaker: Aalok Sonawala
The SWWE Regional Network were very pleased to welcome Aalok Sonawala, Head of PMO, National Programmes, Rider Levett Bucknall on 26 February, to BAWA for our first face to face event of 2025. Aalok is a member of APMs Thames Valley Regional Network and also speaks to members of APMs PMO Interest Network, which aims to facilitate collaboration and learning, offer unbiased advice and guidance.
Tonight, Aalok planned to discuss the importance of a PMO within project-based organisations, the different types of PMO and their key elements, PMO governance and centres of excellence.
PMOs within an organisation can be centralised, hub and spoke with a central PMO with satellite PMOs globally, or embedded within projects. The appropriate structure will be determined by the specific business needs of the organisation. The PMO sits above PM delivery and the supply chain delivery teams.
For further information about the event please click here.
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If you use QuickBooks Desktop and are stressing about moving to QuickBooks Online, in this webinar, get your questions answered and learn tips and tricks to make the process easier for you.
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* What are the main differences between QuickBooks Desktop and QuickBooks Online?
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Finals of Kaun TALHA : a Travel, Architecture, Lifestyle, Heritage and Activism quiz, organized by Conquiztadors, the Quiz society of Sri Venkateswara College under their annual quizzing fest El Dorado 2025.
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2. Design and Fabrication of Autonomous
Road Painting Vehicle
Northern University Bangladesh
Our Project On
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3. SUPERVISED BY
DR. MD. SAZIB MOLLIK
SENIOR LECTURER
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
NORTHERN UNIVERSITY BANGLADESH
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Project Tittle : Design and Fabrication of Autonomous
Road Painting Vehicle
Submitted By
Md Rakib Howlader ID : 44200302231
Md. Sadikur Rahman ID : 44200302230
Al Mamun Sarker ID : 44200302266
Md Hosne Mobarak Khandaker ID : 44200302256
Md Asiqur Rahman ID : 44200302261
4. Outline
Introduction.
Objective.
Methodology.
Block Diagram - Work of IOT Technology.
Block Diagram Of Project.
Equipment list.
Circuit Diagram.
Project Picture.
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Result.
Applications.
Discussion.
Conclusion.
Future Work.
5. Introduction
Traditional road painting methods are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and
often expose workers to hazardous conditions. The Autonomous Road
Painting Vehicle offers a sustainable solution for maintaining road
infrastructure with improved efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness. Its
integration into existing road maintenance processes can lead to enhanced
road safety, reduced maintenance costs, and improved overall road network
quality, ultimately benefiting communities and transportation systems
worldwide.
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6. Objective
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The main objective of this project is to Autonomous Road Painting Vehicle for
The main purpose is to create a smart robot so that we can take many benefits from
one project.
To vital for maintaining clear and consistent road markings, which are essential
for road safety and efficient traffic flow.
To minimize the exposure of human workers to potentially hazardous roadwork
environments.
enhances operational flexibility, allowing operators to manage the robot from a
safe distance
to provide a user-friendly interface, typically accessible through mobile apps or
web dashboards
7. Define the project objectives and requirements, including the type of road markings, robot
specifications, and performance criteria.
Create a conceptual design of the road marking robot, considering factors like size, mobility, paint
dispensing mechanism, and sensor suite.
Select the necessary components, including Arduino board, Bluetooth module, motors, sensors (e.g.,
ultrasonic), wheels, paint dispensing system, and power source (e.g., Li-Po battery).
Design the physical structure of the robot, including the chassis, mounting for sensors, wheels, and paint
dispensing mechanism.
Wire the selected components together, ensuring proper connections, voltage regulation, and power
distribution.
Develop the software for the Arduino board, implementing control algorithms for navigation,
Bluetooth communication, obstacle avoidance, and paint dispensing.
Test the robot's individual components and subsystems to ensure they work as expected.
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Methodology
12. Main Controller Arduino Uno
Arduino Uno is open source hardware and microcontroller
board which is based on A Tmega328P Processor.
It has 14 digital input/output and 6 analog input pins and operates at 5 volts and 16 MHz quartz crystal
frequency.
It has 32 KB flash memory, 2 Kb SRAM and 1 KB EEPROM.
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15. Result
After launch our project, connect phone Bluetooth to hc05 and send data using control App. We also
Monitor robot Front View and back view.
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16. Applications
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Road Marking and Maintenance.
Construction and Infrastructure.
Parking Lot Marking.
Airport Runway and Taxiway Marking
Factory and Warehouse Floor Marking.
Smart Cities
17. Discussion
The Arduino Bluetooth-controlled road marking robot represents a significant
advancement in road maintenance and infrastructure management. This innovative
solution harnesses the power of Arduino technology and Bluetooth connectivity to
automate the precise application of road markings. It offers numerous advantages,
including enhanced safety by reducing human exposure to hazardous roadwork
environments, cost savings through efficient material usage and labor reduction, and
adaptability to various road types and conditions. Moreover, the real-time monitoring
capabilities provided by Esp32-CAM control ensure operational oversight and immediate
issue resolution.
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18. Conclusion
The robot's precise road marking capabilities enhance road safety and
organization while reducing the margin for human error.
Bluetooth connectivity allows for remote operation and monitoring, enhancing
operator safety and control flexibility.
Automation reduces labor costs, optimizes material usage, and minimizes the
need for road closures, resulting in potential cost savings.
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19. Future Work
The future of Arduino Bluetooth-controlled road marking
robots holds exciting possibilities. Advancements in
wireless communication technologies may address range
limitations. Integration with artificial intelligence and
machine learning could make the robots more adaptable to
changing road conditions. Moreover, incorporating
environmental sensors could enable robots to assess road
surface conditions and apply appropriate treatments.
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