Urinary Tract Infections- Saral
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This document defines urinary tract infections (UTIs), lists common risk factors, and discusses causative organisms. UTIs are defined as significant bacteriuria of 105 CFU/ml or more in a urine sample. Risk factors include being female, older age, obstruction of the urinary tract, instrumentation like catheterization, and certain medical conditions like diabetes or immunosuppression. The most common causative organism is Escherichia coli, while other gram-negative bacteria and some gram-positive bacteria can also cause UTIs.
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![Definition
:
3
Presence of significant bacteriuria, 105 or
more CFU/ml of properly collected clean-
catch midstream sample of urine. [or more
than 100 CFU/ml in symptomatic patient
with accompanying pyuria (>10 WBCs/ml)]
Microbial invasion of any tissue of urinary
tract from renal cortex to the urethral
meatus that either ascend from urethra or
spread to kidney from bloodstream.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/urinarytractinfections-saral-171108130349/85/Urinary-Tract-Infections-Saral-3-320.jpg)
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An infection in any part of the urinary system, the kidneys, bladder or urethra.
Urinary tract infections are more common in women. They usually occur in the bladder or urethra, but more serious infections involve the kidney.
A bladder infection may cause pelvic pain, increased urge to urinate, pain with urination and blood in the urine.
this study details all about UTI
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Urinary Tract Infections- Saral
- 1. SARAL LAMICHHANE ROLL-61 Urinary Tract Infections(UTI) (Definition, Risk Factors & Organisms) Gandaki Medical College, Nepal Correlation Seminar- 2013
- 2. 2 To define UTI, To list out the predisposing conditions of UTI, To enumerate the organisms causing UTI.
- 3. Definition : 3 Presence of significant bacteriuria, 105 or more CFU/ml of properly collected clean- catch midstream sample of urine. [or more than 100 CFU/ml in symptomatic patient with accompanying pyuria (>10 WBCs/ml)] Microbial invasion of any tissue of urinary tract from renal cortex to the urethral meatus that either ascend from urethra or spread to kidney from bloodstream.
- 4. Types: 4 Based on the anatomic site: 1. Lower tract infection: a. Urethritis b. Cystitis c. Prostatitis 2. Upper tract infection: a. Pyelonephritis (Acute & Chronic) b. Acute Pyelitis Based on the clinical setting: 1. Uncomplicated UTI 2. Complicated UTI
- 5. Predisposing conditions of UTI: 5 Gender : Increased incidence in females (F:M=30:1) About 40% females suffer from UTI at least once at some point in their life. Age: Increases with age (Equally high for M/F if 65yrs+) Obstruction: Stones, urethral stricture, tumors & bladder diverticula cause stasis increasing UTI. In males, Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) & lack of circumcision are risks for UTI. Instrumentation , Catheterization causes
- 6. 6
- 7. 7 Functional Abnormalities: Neurogenic bladder dysfunction: Due to spinal cord injury, tabes dorsalis, multiple sclerosis, diabetes. Vesicoureteral Reflux : Reflux of urine from bladder upto ureter & renal pelvis during voiding or incresed bladder pressure. Bladder prolapse, Genital prolapse Diabetes Mellitus:Bladder dysfunction,Immune dysfunct. Immunosupression : HIV AIDS, Steroids, Cytotoxic Immunosupressive drugs increase UTI Antecedent antimicrobial therapy
- 8. For females : 8 Pregnancy: Increased incidence of UTI -Decreased ureteral tone & peristalsis Stasis -Incompetence of vesicourethral valves Sexual Activity: Increases with sexual activity -Higher in female sex workers -Honeymoon cystitis Menopause: Increases incidence (loss of lactobacillus in vaginal mucosa decreases acidity) Uterine prolapse: Increases incidence Contraceptives Use: Spermicidals with
- 9. ???Why more incidence in females??? 9 Shorter length of urethra Proximity of vagina to anus Urethral trauma during sex Pregnancy state in females Use of spermicidals with diaphragms or cervical caps
- 10. Causative Organisms: 10 BACTERIA: Gram negative: Gram positive: Escherichia coli (80%) Staph. saprophyticus Klebsiella spp. ---Adults(13-40 yr) Proteus spp. Enterococcus (S. fecalis) Providencia spp. Staph. epidermidis Pseudomonas Staph. aureus Enterobacter Serratia Rare causes: Salmonella spp., M. tuberculosis, Chlamydia,
- 11. 11 VIRUSES : FUNGI : Adenoviruses Candida spp. Cytomegalovirus Cryptococcus PROTOZOA: Trichomonas vaginalis
- 12. TAKE HOME MESSAGE. 12 UTI is the presence of significant bacteriuria. i.e. 105 or more CFU/ml in midstream urine sample Upper UTI- Pyelonephritis, Acute Pyelitis Lower UTI- Urethritis, Cystitis, Prostatitis The risk of UTI is several times higher in females due to shorter length of urethra. The major organism causing UTI is Escherichia coli.
- 13. References 13 o Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine o A Textbook of Microbiology, P. Chakraborty o A Handbook of Clinical Microbiology, Bharat Mani Pokhrel o www.mayoclinic.com o www.clinicalkey.com o Classnotes o Pictures from google.com
- 15. 15 Diabetes= neve supply=neutrophil Prolapse= incomplete voiding Catheter=Pseudom. Candida .staph epidermidis