VIRAL DISEASES OF RICE TRASMITTED BY VECTORS

May 24, 2024Download as PPTX, PDF0 likes42 views

RAKESH KUMAR MEENA

Rice tungro spherical virus and
rice tungro bacilliform virus

 Severe stuntung
 Reduced tillering
 Yellow to orange discolouration
 Interveinal chlorosis
 Twisting of leaf tip


1966 –till today

Raychaudhuri et al 1967

Green leaf hopper
 Nephotettix nigropictus

 stunting,
 abnormal leaves with serrated edges
 twisted leaf tips,
 vein swelling or galls on the underside of the
leaf blades

 Gosh 1979
 Brown planthopper
 Nilaparvata lugens

 severe stunting
 profuse tillering.
 leaves are stiff and narrow
 interveinal chlorosis & bronzing.

 1972-84
 Kulshreshtha et al 1974
 Mariyappan et al 1984
 Green leaf hopper
 Nephotettix virescens

 Stunting with reduced tillering
 Mosaic mottling on the upper leaves
 Necrotic lesions on the basal parts of the
stems and sheaths

 1979
 (Ghosh 1979)
Mechanical and Soil transmission

 Rice yellow dwarf
(Candidatus Phytoplasma oryza

 Yellowing of the newly formed
leaves
 Stunted plant
 Increased tillering
 Conspcuous on the ratoon
crop


1976

(Muniyappa and Ramakrishna 1976)

Green leafhopper

Nephotettix virescens

N. nigropictus

 Judicious application of fertilizer is practiced
to manage leaf folder pest
 Puddling and grass on field to check the
population of rice mealy bug
 Passing of rope over crop flied in rice case
worm
 Baiting with zinc phosphide

 Leaf case hanging from rice leaf
 cut leaf bits floting in water
 Leaves with papery upper epidermis that were
fed on
 Skeletonized leaf tissues usually appear
ladder-like

 Use of correct fertilizer application.
 Plant early and use wider spacing (30 × 20 mm).
 Drain the field.
 Transplant older seedlings. Sparse planting can
also reduce the damage.
 Grow a ratoon.
 Encourage biological control agents: snails (feed
on eggs), hydrophilid and dytiscid water beetles
(feed on larvae), spiders, dragonflies, and birds
(feed on adults), nuclear polyhedrosis virus (a
potential control agent)
 Use foliar treatments of carbamate insecticides;
avoid pyrethroids.

VIRAL DISEASES OF RICE TRASMITTED BY VECTORS

IRRI: Planning Breeding Programs
for Impact
 Reduction in
photosynthetic area
 Reduction in 1000
grain weight
 Empty grains
 20 – 50% yield loss
reported

IRRI: Planning Breeding Programs
for Impact
‘Pale yellow’ leaf
‘Kresek’ or wilting ‘Leaf blight’ phase

 Water soaked lesions move from tip
downwards on the edges of leaves.
 • Gradually symptoms turn into yellow and
straw coloured stripes with wavy margins.
 • In early morning in humid areas yellowish,
opaque, turbid drops of bacterial ooze may
be seen.
 • In Kresek (wilt) phase, leaves roll
completely, droop and plants die completely.

 Spray fresh cowdung extract 20% twice
(starting from initial appearance of the
disease and another at fortnightly interval)
 Neem oil 60 EC 3% (or) NSKE 5% is
recommended for the control of sheath rot,
sheath blight, grain discolouration and
bacterial blight

 M. grisea is an ascomycete fungus. It is an
extremely effective plant pathogen as it can
reproduce both sexually and asexually to
produce specialized infectious structures
known as appressoria that infect aerial
tissues and hyphae that can
infect root tissues.

IRRI: Planning Breeding Programs
for Impact
Neck blast
Leaf blast
Node blast
Collar blast
Yield losses up to 50-85%
reported

 The fungus has been able to establish
resistance to both chemical treatments and
genetic resistance in some types of rice
developed by plant breeders. It is thought
that the fungus can achieve this by genetic
change through mutation. In order to most
effectively control infection by M. grisea, an
integrated management program should be
implemented to avoid overuse of a single
control method and fight against genetic
resistance.

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VIRAL DISEASES OF RICE TRASMITTED BY VECTORS

1. RAKESH KUMAR MEENA

2. Rice tungro spherical virus and rice tungro bacilliform virus

3.  Severe stuntung  Reduced tillering  Yellow to orange discolouration  Interveinal chlorosis  Twisting of leaf tip

4.  1966 –till today  Raychaudhuri et al 1967  Green leaf hopper  Nephotettix nigropictus

5.  Rice ragged stunt virus

6.  stunting,  abnormal leaves with serrated edges  twisted leaf tips,  vein swelling or galls on the underside of the leaf blades

7.  Gosh 1979  Brown planthopper  Nilaparvata lugens

8.  Rice grassy stunt virus

9.  severe stunting  profuse tillering.  leaves are stiff and narrow  interveinal chlorosis & bronzing.

10.  1972-84  Kulshreshtha et al 1974  Mariyappan et al 1984  Green leaf hopper  Nephotettix virescens

11. Rice necrosis mosaic virus

12.  Stunting with reduced tillering  Mosaic mottling on the upper leaves  Necrotic lesions on the basal parts of the stems and sheaths

13.  1979  (Ghosh 1979) Mechanical and Soil transmission

14.  Rice yellow dwarf (Candidatus Phytoplasma oryza

15.  Yellowing of the newly formed leaves  Stunted plant  Increased tillering  Conspcuous on the ratoon crop

16.  1976  (Muniyappa and Ramakrishna 1976)  Green leafhopper  Nephotettix virescens  N. nigropictus

17.  Judicious application of fertilizer is practiced to manage leaf folder pest  Puddling and grass on field to check the population of rice mealy bug  Passing of rope over crop flied in rice case worm  Baiting with zinc phosphide

18. Rice case worm (Nymphula depunctalis)

19.  Leaf case hanging from rice leaf  cut leaf bits floting in water  Leaves with papery upper epidermis that were fed on  Skeletonized leaf tissues usually appear ladder-like

20.  RICE CASE WORM

21.  Use of correct fertilizer application.  Plant early and use wider spacing (30 × 20 mm).  Drain the field.  Transplant older seedlings. Sparse planting can also reduce the damage.  Grow a ratoon.  Encourage biological control agents: snails (feed on eggs), hydrophilid and dytiscid water beetles (feed on larvae), spiders, dragonflies, and birds (feed on adults), nuclear polyhedrosis virus (a potential control agent)  Use foliar treatments of carbamate insecticides; avoid pyrethroids.

23. IRRI: Planning Breeding Programs for Impact  Reduction in photosynthetic area  Reduction in 1000 grain weight  Empty grains  20 – 50% yield loss reported

24. IRRI: Planning Breeding Programs for Impact ‘Pale yellow’ leaf ‘Kresek’ or wilting ‘Leaf blight’ phase

25.  Water soaked lesions move from tip downwards on the edges of leaves.  • Gradually symptoms turn into yellow and straw coloured stripes with wavy margins.  • In early morning in humid areas yellowish, opaque, turbid drops of bacterial ooze may be seen.  • In Kresek (wilt) phase, leaves roll completely, droop and plants die completely.

26.  Spray fresh cowdung extract 20% twice (starting from initial appearance of the disease and another at fortnightly interval)  Neem oil 60 EC 3% (or) NSKE 5% is recommended for the control of sheath rot, sheath blight, grain discolouration and bacterial blight

27. Pyricularia oryzae Pyricularia grisea

28.  M. grisea is an ascomycete fungus. It is an extremely effective plant pathogen as it can reproduce both sexually and asexually to produce specialized infectious structures known as appressoria that infect aerial tissues and hyphae that can infect root tissues.

29. IRRI: Planning Breeding Programs for Impact Neck blast Leaf blast Node blast Collar blast Yield losses up to 50-85% reported

30.  The fungus has been able to establish resistance to both chemical treatments and genetic resistance in some types of rice developed by plant breeders. It is thought that the fungus can achieve this by genetic change through mutation. In order to most effectively control infection by M. grisea, an integrated management program should be implemented to avoid overuse of a single control method and fight against genetic resistance.

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