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Django
Бекбулатов Александр
a.bekbulatov@corp.mail.ru

MVC
Model-view-controller – схема использования
нескольких шаблонов проектирования, с
помощью которых модель данных приложения,
пользовательский интерфейс и
взаимодействие с пользователем разделены
на три отдельных компонента так, что
модификация одного из компонентов
оказывает минимальное воздействие на
остальные.

Примеры
• Без MVC — в чистом виде PHP, ASP
• Реализации с неполным MVC — CPB
• C MVC — фреймворки CodeIgniter, Yii,
ASP.NET MVC Framework, Django, Pyramid,
Ruby on Rails

Создание проекта
django-admin.py startproject myblog
myblog/
manage.py
myblog/
__init__.py
settings.py
urls.py
wsgi.py

Создание проекта
cd myblog
python manage.py runserver

Подключение базы данных
vim myblog/settings.py
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'blog',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': '1',
'HOST': '',
'PORT': '',
}
}
python manage.py syncdb

Создание приложения
python manage.py startapp blog
blog/
__init__.py
models.py
tests.py
views.py

Подключаем приложение
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
'django.contrib.admin',
# Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
# 'django.contrib.admindocs',
'blog',
)
python manage.py syncdb

Модель
vim blog/models.py
from django.db import models
import datetime
class Category(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=255)
description = models.TextField(blank=True)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.title
@models.permalink
def get_absolute_url(self):
return ('category_detail', (self.pk,))

Панель администрирования
vim myblog/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()
urlpatterns = patterns('‘,
# url(r'^', include('blog.urls')),
# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
url(/slideshow/web-2012-7/25083547/r&)),
)

class Post(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=255)
content = models.TextField()
category = models.ForeignKey(Category)
creation_date = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
def previous_post(self):
"""Return the previous entry"""
entries = Post.objects.filter(
creation_date__lt=self.creation_date)[:1]
if entries:
return entries[0]
def next_post(self):
"""Return the next entry"""
entries =
Post.objects.filter( creation_date__gt=self.creation_date).order_
by('creation_date')[:1]
if entries:
return entries[0]
def __unicode__(self):
return self.title
@models.permalink
def get_absolute_url(self):
return ('post_detail', (self.pk,))
class Meta:
ordering = ['-creation_date']

vim blog/admin.py
from blog.models import Category, Post
from django.contrib import admin
admin.site.register(Category)
admin.site.register(Post)

http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/

Контроллеры
vim blog/views.py
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.views.generic.simple import direct_to_template
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from django.views.generic.detail import DetailView
from django.views.generic.list import ListView
from blog.models import Category, Post
def category(request, pk):
cat = get_object_or_404(Category, pk=pk)
post_list = Post.objects.filter(category=cat)
return direct_to_template(request, 'blog/category.html', {
'category': cat,
'post_list' : post_list
})
class PostList(ListView):
model = Post
class PostDetail(DetailView):
model = Post

Роутинг
vim blog/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from blog.views import PostList, PostDetail
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^$', PostList.as_view()),
url(/slideshow/web-2012-7/25083547/r&)/$',
PostDetail.as_view(), name='post_detail'),
url(/slideshow/web-2012-7/25083547/r&)/$',
'blog.views.category', name='category_detail'),
)

Шаблоны
import os
def rel(*x):
return
os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)),
* x)
TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
rel('../templates'),
# Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates"
or "C:/www/django/templates".
# Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
# Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative
paths.
)

Шаблоны
mkdir -p templates/blog
vim templates/base.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;
charset=utf-8">
<title>Блог</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Мой блог</h1>
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

Шаблоны
vim templates/blog/post_list.html
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<ul>
{% for object in object_list %}
<li><a
href="{{ object.get_absolute_url }}">{{ object
}}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock %}

Шаблоны
vim templates/blog/post_detail.html
{% block content %}
<h2>{{ object }}</h2>
<p><small>{{ object.creation_date }} <a
href="{{ object.category.get_absolute_url}}">{{
object.category }}</a></p>
<div>{{ object.content }}</div>
{% endblock %}

Шаблоны
vim templates/blog/category.html
{% block content %}
<h2>{{ category }}</h2>
<ul>
{% for object in post_list %}
<li><a
href="{{ object.get_absolute_url}}">{{ object }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock %}

Работа с формами
vim blog/forms.py
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django import forms
class ContactForm(forms.Form):
email = forms.EmailField(label=u'Ваш e-mail', max_length=100)
message = forms.CharField(label=u'Сообщение',
widget=forms.Textarea)

vim blog/views.py
from blog.forms import ContactForm
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
def contact(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = ContactForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
subject = u'Сообщение с блога'
message = form.cleaned_data['message']
sender = form.cleaned_data['email']
recipients = ['a.bekbulatov@corp.mail.ru']
send_mail(subject, message, sender, recipients)
return HttpResponseRedirect('/')
else:
form = ContactForm()
return direct_to_template(request, 'blog/contact.html', {
'form': form
})

vim blog/urls.py
urlpatterns = patterns('',
(r'^$', PostList.as_view()),
url(/slideshow/web-2012-7/25083547/r&)/$', PostDetail.as_view(),
name='post_detail'),
url(/slideshow/web-2012-7/25083547/r&)/$', 'blog.views.category',
name='category_detail'),
(r'^contacts/$', 'blog.views.contact'),
)

vim templates/blog/contact.html
{% block content %}
<form action="" method="post">{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<input type="submit" value="Отправить" />
</form>
{% endblock %}

http://127.0.0.1:8000/contacts/

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Web весна 2012 лекция 7

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