本文探讨了三种在 x86 平台上实现虚拟化的主要技术:完全虚拟化(通过二进制翻译)、半虚拟化和硬件辅助虚拟化。这些技术的不同之处在于客户操作系统的修改程度、性能、兼容性和实现复杂性,而 VMware 的全虚拟化技术被认为是业界标准,目前在多种应用场景中得到广泛应用。文中还比较了这三种虚拟化技术的优缺点,旨在帮助用户做出更科学的选择。
A Comparison Of Group Technology & Process Layout (3)guest42598d4
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This study used a computer simulation to compare a process layout to a group technology layout using the model of an actual manufacturing shop. The process layout grouped similar machines together while the group technology layout grouped machines dedicated to producing similar parts families. Ten performance metrics were examined, including setup times, move distances, throughput, utilization, queues and flow times. While the group technology layout had shorter setups and moves, the process layout had better performance overall with shorter average flow times and queues due to its flexibility to produce varying demand distributions. So the process layout was more effective even though it had longer setups and moves.
CAD - Unit-1 (Fundamentals of Computer Graphics)Priscilla CPG
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This document provides an overview of computer-aided design (CAD). It discusses the different types of CAD (2D, 2.5D, and 3D) and how CAD software is used to create and test models. CAD is used in fields like architecture, engineering, and medical design. The document then covers the product design cycle and how CAD/CAM fits within stages like synthesis, analysis, and manufacturing. It also discusses concurrent engineering and the benefits of a collaborative design process. Finally, it explains fundamental CAD concepts like transformations, viewing, clipping algorithms, and the Sutherland-Hodgman area clipping method.
Assembly modeling allows components to be brought together to define a more complex product representation. It facilitates collaboration between different teams to ensure the assembly works together. An assembly contains component objects that can be individual parts or subassemblies. There are two main approaches to assembly modeling - bottom-up builds the assembly from individual pre-made parts, while top-down designs parts within the assembly context. Mating conditions like concentric or parallel define relationships between components.
The document discusses reverse engineering, which involves duplicating an existing part without documentation by working backwards from the finished product. There are two main types of engineering: forward engineering, which moves from design to implementation, and reverse engineering. Reverse engineering has various applications and involves a three-phase process of scanning the object, processing the scan data, and developing a geometric model. Common scanning techniques include contact methods using probes and non-contact methods like laser scanning.
CAD & CAM systems are used across various departments in industries from design to production. CAD is used for computer-aided design and involves using computers to aid the design process. CAM involves using computers to support manufacturing and includes numerical control of machines. The implementation of CAD/CAM systems provides benefits such as increased productivity and flexibility, improved quality and communication, and reduced costs and lead times.
This document introduces Computer-Aided Design (CAD) as a technology utilizing digital computers for various functions in design and production. It discusses the advantages of CAD in improving productivity, design quality, and communication, as well as its applications in mechanical engineering. The document also outlines the necessary hardware specifications for a CAD workstation.
The document outlines the Turbo Machines course (Code 18ME54) offered in the fifth semester of the mechanical engineering program, detailing its objectives, outcomes, and module content including centrifugal pumps and compressors. It specifies course requirements such as teaching hours, credits, and examination structure, along with recommended textbooks and references. The course aims to provide students with a foundational understanding of turbo machines, their design principles, and energy conversion processes.
Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP) integrates computer technology with manufacturing to create efficient production plans from design concepts. It serves as a crucial link between CAD and CAM, optimizing manufacturing processes based on various variables such as costs and equipment availability. CAPP can be implemented through manual experience or advanced programming languages to improve overall quality, scheduling, and cost estimation in manufacturing.
Product data management (PDM) is a business function that manages product data throughout the product lifecycle. PDM systems track technical specifications, manufacturing requirements, and materials to develop products. This allows companies to manage costs and ensure all stakeholders reference the same information. PDM is a subset of product lifecycle management and is primarily used by engineers to collaborate on product design and manage configurations. While current PDM systems do not fully integrate commercial and financial data, they provide important version control and improve productivity through reuse of design information. PDM adoption is increasingly important for organizations as products become more complex with many variants and international collaboration grows.
Group technology is a management strategy that aims to eliminate waste caused by duplicated efforts across all areas of a company such as engineering, equipment, facilities planning, and production control. It provides benefits such as reducing the number of new part designs, drawings, and machining operations. It also standardizes equipment, improves material flow and reduces inventory which leads to faster response times, improved quality control, and lower costs.
Factors influencing drug absorption bioavailabilityRam Kanth
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This document discusses several factors that affect the gastrointestinal (GI) absorption of drugs from oral dosage forms, including drug solubility and dissolution rate, particle size and surface area, polymorphism and amorphism, use of salt forms, and the pH-partition hypothesis. It describes various theories of drug dissolution, such as the diffusion layer model, and how properties like solubility, polymorphic form, and salt formation can impact dissolution. It also addresses considerations like drug stability and processing methods that influence a drug's absorption in the GI tract.
Computer-aided design (CAD) involves using computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) provides computer support for manufacturing a given product. CAD/CAM integrates design and manufacturing, which were traditionally separate functions, and will ultimately provide the technology base for computer-integrated factories of the future. CAD/CAM software is used to both design and manufacture products through processes like computer numerical control (CNC) machining. Geometric modeling, a key part of CAD/CAM, mathematically describes shapes using methods like wireframe, surface, and solid modeling.
The document discusses drug absorption and the factors that influence it. It begins by defining absorption as the movement of an unchanged drug from the site of administration into systemic circulation. It then describes the various mechanisms of drug absorption, including passive diffusion, active transport, facilitated diffusion, pore transport, ion pair formation, and endocytosis. It discusses important physiological factors like drug solubility, permeability, and stability, as well as formulation factors such as dosage form, particle size, and polymorphism that can impact a drug's rate and extent of absorption. In summary, drug absorption is a complex process dependent on the drug's properties and formulation characteristics as well as physiological conditions in the gastrointestinal tract.
This document discusses CAD/CAM software and its uses. CAD software is used for computer-aided design and allows engineers to design products digitally. CAM software controls machine tools during manufacturing based on CAD designs. Popular CAD software includes AutoCAD, Inventor, and SolidWorks. CAE software analyzes designs through simulations and includes finite element analysis. Benefits of CAD/CAM/CAE software include faster design/production, higher quality outputs, and reduced costs from virtual prototyping.
The document discusses various types of skin conditions including urticaria (hives), skin cracks, burns, and their causes, symptoms, classifications, complications, treatments, and prevention methods. It defines urticaria as raised, itchy bumps on the skin caused by allergens or unknown reasons. Skin cracks are caused by dry, damaged skin that can become infected. Burns are classified by degree of damage (first to fourth) and treated based on severity. The document provides details on diagnosing and managing different skin diseases and injuries.
This document discusses reverse engineering, which is the process of redesigning an existing product to improve its functions, quality, and useful life. Reverse engineering involves measuring an existing physical object without drawings or documentation to develop a CAD model. This process reduces manufacturing costs and allows for redesigning undesirable features. Key steps include digitizing the physical object through contact or non-contact scanning, manipulating the collected data points to develop surface models, and generating CAD files that can be used for applications like manufacturing or medical imaging. The document outlines advantages like cost savings, quality improvements, and competitive advantages through reverse engineering.
The document discusses the integration of CAD-CAM systems and shared databases. It describes how CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) helps integrate product design data into manufacturing processes using a common database. This allows different parts of an enterprise to exchange product information and data seamlessly. The key benefits are reduced time and costs, improved quality, and increased flexibility and productivity. Standards like STEP allow different CAD systems to exchange geometric data through neutral file formats. Future areas of work include flexible manufacturing systems and nano-scale metrology and manufacturing.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. It notes that regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise has also been shown to enhance self-esteem and serve as a healthy distraction from daily stressors.
This document provides an overview of construction contracting methods and contract types. It discusses the traditional Design-Bid-Build approach, as well as Design-Build, Turnkey, and Construction Management delivery methods. The major contract types covered are Lump Sum, Unit Price, Cost Plus, and variations like Cost Plus Fixed Fee and Cost Plus with a Guaranteed Maximum Price. For each, the document outlines the key characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. The course appears to cover construction documents, contracting, bidding processes, and contract conditions over multiple lectures.
The document discusses computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and computer-aided engineering (CAE). CAD is used to create and modify designs, CAM plans manufacturing operations, and CAE allows simulation of how designs will behave. Analysis is enhanced with computers using techniques like finite element analysis. CAD/CAM/CAE systems include hardware, software, and major components for shape manipulation. Rapid prototyping can quickly produce physical models from CAD files in a layer-by-layer process.
Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is the integration of CAD and CAM techniques into a complete manufacturing process to improve flexibility and responsiveness to customer demands. CIM aims to integrate the entire manufacturing enterprise through integrated systems and data communication coupled with management philosophies that improve organizational and personal efficiency. Key benefits of CIM include faster production, greater accuracy, easier modifications, shorter lead times, improved planning and quality control.
Pharmacokinetics / Biopharmaceutics - Multi compartment IV bolusAreej Abu Hanieh
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This document discusses multicompartment models used to describe drug distribution and elimination kinetics. A two-compartment model includes a central compartment representing highly perfused tissues and blood, and a peripheral tissue compartment with slower drug distribution. The plasma concentration curve following intravenous administration has an initial rapid distribution phase as the drug distributes between compartments, followed by a slower elimination phase as the drug is removed from the central compartment. Rate constants describe drug transfer between compartments, and parameters like volume of distribution and half-life can be estimated from the curve.
The document provides an overview of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) techniques aimed at minimizing product costs through design and process improvements. It defines Design for Manufacturing (DFM) and Design for Assembly (DFA), highlighting their objectives, principles, and the importance of reducing part numbers, costs, and assembly difficulties. The integration of DFM and DFA as a common methodology seeks to streamline product design and production processes for economic efficiency.
CATIA is a 3D CAD software created by Dassault Systèmes. It is used in industries like aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding. CATIA allows users to create 3D models of parts and assemblies. It provides tools for sketching, part design, sheet metal design, and more. Key features include the specification tree to view a part's design history, assembly design tools to combine parts while defining relationships and constraints, and surface modeling tools for complex shapes.
The document presents an overview of rapid prototyping technology. It discusses how rapid prototyping directly converts 3D computer models into physical models layer by layer, allowing for faster production of prototypes with high accuracy. Several major rapid prototyping techniques are described, including stereolithography, laminated object manufacturing, selective laser sintering, and fused deposition modeling. Applications of rapid prototyping in engineering, medicine, arts, and rapid tooling are also outlined.
This document discusses factors that affect drug distribution in the body. It begins by explaining how drugs diffuse from capillaries into interstitial spaces. It then discusses various physiological barriers drugs must cross, including the capillary endothelial barrier, cell membrane barrier, blood-brain barrier, blood-CSF barrier, and blood-placental barrier. The document outlines several factors that influence drug distribution, such as a drug's physicochemical properties, tissue permeability, organ perfusion rates, binding to tissue components, and patient-specific factors like age, pregnancy, and disease states. It also covers concepts of volume of distribution and drug-protein binding interactions.
This document discusses guidelines related to tender processing and CVC guidelines. It provides details on different types of tenders, methods of obtaining bids, standard bid documents, earnest money deposits, performance securities, and the tender evaluation process. It emphasizes principles of public procurement like efficiency, economy, transparency, and fair treatment of suppliers. It also summarizes some key CVC guidelines related to pre-award stages, negotiations, and guidelines on tenders and using websites for procurement.
This document discusses the key concepts and stages of process planning including:
1. Process planning links the design and manufacturing stages by determining the manufacturing processes and sequence of operations.
2. Computer aided process planning (CAPP) systems help standardize and optimize the process planning function.
3. Material, machine, tool and process selection are important stages in process planning considering factors like properties, availability, capabilities and costs.
4. Drawings provide essential information for process planning like dimensions, materials, tolerances and surface finishes.
Product data management (PDM) is a business function that manages product data throughout the product lifecycle. PDM systems track technical specifications, manufacturing requirements, and materials to develop products. This allows companies to manage costs and ensure all stakeholders reference the same information. PDM is a subset of product lifecycle management and is primarily used by engineers to collaborate on product design and manage configurations. While current PDM systems do not fully integrate commercial and financial data, they provide important version control and improve productivity through reuse of design information. PDM adoption is increasingly important for organizations as products become more complex with many variants and international collaboration grows.
Group technology is a management strategy that aims to eliminate waste caused by duplicated efforts across all areas of a company such as engineering, equipment, facilities planning, and production control. It provides benefits such as reducing the number of new part designs, drawings, and machining operations. It also standardizes equipment, improves material flow and reduces inventory which leads to faster response times, improved quality control, and lower costs.
Factors influencing drug absorption bioavailabilityRam Kanth
?
This document discusses several factors that affect the gastrointestinal (GI) absorption of drugs from oral dosage forms, including drug solubility and dissolution rate, particle size and surface area, polymorphism and amorphism, use of salt forms, and the pH-partition hypothesis. It describes various theories of drug dissolution, such as the diffusion layer model, and how properties like solubility, polymorphic form, and salt formation can impact dissolution. It also addresses considerations like drug stability and processing methods that influence a drug's absorption in the GI tract.
Computer-aided design (CAD) involves using computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) provides computer support for manufacturing a given product. CAD/CAM integrates design and manufacturing, which were traditionally separate functions, and will ultimately provide the technology base for computer-integrated factories of the future. CAD/CAM software is used to both design and manufacture products through processes like computer numerical control (CNC) machining. Geometric modeling, a key part of CAD/CAM, mathematically describes shapes using methods like wireframe, surface, and solid modeling.
The document discusses drug absorption and the factors that influence it. It begins by defining absorption as the movement of an unchanged drug from the site of administration into systemic circulation. It then describes the various mechanisms of drug absorption, including passive diffusion, active transport, facilitated diffusion, pore transport, ion pair formation, and endocytosis. It discusses important physiological factors like drug solubility, permeability, and stability, as well as formulation factors such as dosage form, particle size, and polymorphism that can impact a drug's rate and extent of absorption. In summary, drug absorption is a complex process dependent on the drug's properties and formulation characteristics as well as physiological conditions in the gastrointestinal tract.
This document discusses CAD/CAM software and its uses. CAD software is used for computer-aided design and allows engineers to design products digitally. CAM software controls machine tools during manufacturing based on CAD designs. Popular CAD software includes AutoCAD, Inventor, and SolidWorks. CAE software analyzes designs through simulations and includes finite element analysis. Benefits of CAD/CAM/CAE software include faster design/production, higher quality outputs, and reduced costs from virtual prototyping.
The document discusses various types of skin conditions including urticaria (hives), skin cracks, burns, and their causes, symptoms, classifications, complications, treatments, and prevention methods. It defines urticaria as raised, itchy bumps on the skin caused by allergens or unknown reasons. Skin cracks are caused by dry, damaged skin that can become infected. Burns are classified by degree of damage (first to fourth) and treated based on severity. The document provides details on diagnosing and managing different skin diseases and injuries.
This document discusses reverse engineering, which is the process of redesigning an existing product to improve its functions, quality, and useful life. Reverse engineering involves measuring an existing physical object without drawings or documentation to develop a CAD model. This process reduces manufacturing costs and allows for redesigning undesirable features. Key steps include digitizing the physical object through contact or non-contact scanning, manipulating the collected data points to develop surface models, and generating CAD files that can be used for applications like manufacturing or medical imaging. The document outlines advantages like cost savings, quality improvements, and competitive advantages through reverse engineering.
The document discusses the integration of CAD-CAM systems and shared databases. It describes how CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) helps integrate product design data into manufacturing processes using a common database. This allows different parts of an enterprise to exchange product information and data seamlessly. The key benefits are reduced time and costs, improved quality, and increased flexibility and productivity. Standards like STEP allow different CAD systems to exchange geometric data through neutral file formats. Future areas of work include flexible manufacturing systems and nano-scale metrology and manufacturing.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. It notes that regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise has also been shown to enhance self-esteem and serve as a healthy distraction from daily stressors.
This document provides an overview of construction contracting methods and contract types. It discusses the traditional Design-Bid-Build approach, as well as Design-Build, Turnkey, and Construction Management delivery methods. The major contract types covered are Lump Sum, Unit Price, Cost Plus, and variations like Cost Plus Fixed Fee and Cost Plus with a Guaranteed Maximum Price. For each, the document outlines the key characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. The course appears to cover construction documents, contracting, bidding processes, and contract conditions over multiple lectures.
The document discusses computer-aided design (CAD), computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and computer-aided engineering (CAE). CAD is used to create and modify designs, CAM plans manufacturing operations, and CAE allows simulation of how designs will behave. Analysis is enhanced with computers using techniques like finite element analysis. CAD/CAM/CAE systems include hardware, software, and major components for shape manipulation. Rapid prototyping can quickly produce physical models from CAD files in a layer-by-layer process.
Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is the integration of CAD and CAM techniques into a complete manufacturing process to improve flexibility and responsiveness to customer demands. CIM aims to integrate the entire manufacturing enterprise through integrated systems and data communication coupled with management philosophies that improve organizational and personal efficiency. Key benefits of CIM include faster production, greater accuracy, easier modifications, shorter lead times, improved planning and quality control.
Pharmacokinetics / Biopharmaceutics - Multi compartment IV bolusAreej Abu Hanieh
?
This document discusses multicompartment models used to describe drug distribution and elimination kinetics. A two-compartment model includes a central compartment representing highly perfused tissues and blood, and a peripheral tissue compartment with slower drug distribution. The plasma concentration curve following intravenous administration has an initial rapid distribution phase as the drug distributes between compartments, followed by a slower elimination phase as the drug is removed from the central compartment. Rate constants describe drug transfer between compartments, and parameters like volume of distribution and half-life can be estimated from the curve.
The document provides an overview of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) techniques aimed at minimizing product costs through design and process improvements. It defines Design for Manufacturing (DFM) and Design for Assembly (DFA), highlighting their objectives, principles, and the importance of reducing part numbers, costs, and assembly difficulties. The integration of DFM and DFA as a common methodology seeks to streamline product design and production processes for economic efficiency.
CATIA is a 3D CAD software created by Dassault Systèmes. It is used in industries like aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding. CATIA allows users to create 3D models of parts and assemblies. It provides tools for sketching, part design, sheet metal design, and more. Key features include the specification tree to view a part's design history, assembly design tools to combine parts while defining relationships and constraints, and surface modeling tools for complex shapes.
The document presents an overview of rapid prototyping technology. It discusses how rapid prototyping directly converts 3D computer models into physical models layer by layer, allowing for faster production of prototypes with high accuracy. Several major rapid prototyping techniques are described, including stereolithography, laminated object manufacturing, selective laser sintering, and fused deposition modeling. Applications of rapid prototyping in engineering, medicine, arts, and rapid tooling are also outlined.
This document discusses factors that affect drug distribution in the body. It begins by explaining how drugs diffuse from capillaries into interstitial spaces. It then discusses various physiological barriers drugs must cross, including the capillary endothelial barrier, cell membrane barrier, blood-brain barrier, blood-CSF barrier, and blood-placental barrier. The document outlines several factors that influence drug distribution, such as a drug's physicochemical properties, tissue permeability, organ perfusion rates, binding to tissue components, and patient-specific factors like age, pregnancy, and disease states. It also covers concepts of volume of distribution and drug-protein binding interactions.
This document discusses guidelines related to tender processing and CVC guidelines. It provides details on different types of tenders, methods of obtaining bids, standard bid documents, earnest money deposits, performance securities, and the tender evaluation process. It emphasizes principles of public procurement like efficiency, economy, transparency, and fair treatment of suppliers. It also summarizes some key CVC guidelines related to pre-award stages, negotiations, and guidelines on tenders and using websites for procurement.
This document discusses the key concepts and stages of process planning including:
1. Process planning links the design and manufacturing stages by determining the manufacturing processes and sequence of operations.
2. Computer aided process planning (CAPP) systems help standardize and optimize the process planning function.
3. Material, machine, tool and process selection are important stages in process planning considering factors like properties, availability, capabilities and costs.
4. Drawings provide essential information for process planning like dimensions, materials, tolerances and surface finishes.
本文档概述了IBM System x服务器系列的架构、处理器类型及其竞争优势,强调了64位扩展技术以及双核处理器对提高性能的重要性。内容涵盖了服务器的市场趋势、产物线及其适用于不同业务需求的解决方案,同时讨论了未来的虚拟化技术和管理工具。文档提供了对于IBM在高性能计算及数据中心市场中地位的深入分析。