Xml
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This document provides an introduction to XML, including what XML is, how it is used to separate data from presentation, simplify data sharing and transport, and allow for platform changes. It discusses XML trees and documents, syntax rules for XML including elements, attributes, and validation. It also covers displaying XML with CSS and validating XML.
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Xml
- 1. XML
- 2. IntroductionWhat is XML?The Difference Between XML and HTML
- 3. How to useXML Separates Data from HTMLXML Simplifies Data SharingXML Simplifies Data TransportXML Simplifies Platform ChangesXML is Used to Create New Internet Languages
- 4. XML TreeAn Example XML Document<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><note>Ìý <to>Tove</to>Ìý <from>Jani</from>Ìý <heading>Reminder</heading>Ìý <body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body></note>
- 5. XML Tree cont.. XML Documents Form a Tree Structure<bookstore>Ìý <book category="COOKING">ÌýÌýÌý <title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title>ÌýÌýÌý <author>Giada De Laurentiis</author>ÌýÌýÌý <year>2005</year>ÌýÌýÌý <price>30.00</price>Ìý </book>
- 6. XML Syntax RulesAll XML Elements Must Have a Closing Tag<p>This is another paragraph</p>XML Tags are Case Sensitive<Message>This is incorrect</message><message>This is correct</message>XML Elements Must be Properly Nested<b><i>This text is bold and italic</b></i><b><i>This text is bold and italic</i></b>
- 7. XML Syntax Rules cont..XML Documents Must Have a Root Element<root>Ìý <child>ÌýÌý..... Ìý </child></root>XML Attribute Values Must be Quoted<note date="12/11/2007">…</note>Entity ReferencesThere are 5 predefined entity references in XML:< < less than > > greater than & & ampersand ' ' apostrophe " " quotation mark <message>if salary < 1000 then</message>
- 8. XML Syntax Rules cont…Comments in XML<!-- This is a comment --> White-space is Preserved in XMLHTML truncates multiple white-space characters to one single white-space:HTML: Hello ToveOutput: Hello ToveWith XML, the white-space in a document is not truncated.XML Stores New Line as LF‘\n’New line – Line feedCR – Carriage Return ‘\r’LF – Line Feed ‘\n’
- 9. XML ElementsWhat is an XML Element?<bookstore>Ìý <book category="CHILDREN">ÌýÌýÌý <title>Harry Potter</title>ÌýÌýÌý <author>J K. Rowling</author>ÌýÌýÌý <year>2005</year>ÌýÌýÌý <price>29.99</price>Ìý </book>Ìý <book category="WEB">ÌýÌýÌý <title>Learning XML</title>ÌýÌýÌý <author>Erik T. Ray</author>ÌýÌýÌý <year>2003</year>ÌýÌýÌý <price>39.95</price>Ìý </book></bookstore>
- 10. XML Elements cont…XML Naming RulesNames can contain letters, numbers, and other characters
- 11. Names cannot start with a number or punctuation character
- 12. Names cannot start with the letters xml (or XML, or Xml, etc)
- 13. Names cannot contain spacesBest Naming PracticesMake names descriptive. Names with an underscore separator are nice: <first_name>, <last_name>.
- 14. Names should be short and simple, like this: <book_title> not like this: <the_title_of_the_book>.
- 15. Avoid "-" characters. If you name something "first-name," some software may think you want to subtract name from first.
- 16. Avoid "." characters. If you name something "first.name," some software may think that "name" is a property of the object "first."
- 17. Avoid ":" characters. Colons are reserved to be used for something called namespaces (more later).
- 18. Non-English letters like éòá are perfectly legal in XML, but watch out for problems if your software vendor doesn't support them.XML Attributes<file type="gif">computer.gif</file>XML Attributes Must be Quoted<person sex="female"> or <person sex='female'>XML Elements vs. Attributes<person gender="female">Ìý <firstname>Anna</firstname>Ìý <lastname>Smith</lastname></person><person>Ìý <gender >female</gender >Ìý <firstname>Anna</firstname>Ìý <lastname>Smith</lastname></person>
- 19. XML Attributes cont…Avoid XML Attributes?Some of the problems with using attributes are:attributes cannot contain multiple values (elements can)
- 20. attributes cannot contain tree structures (elements can)
- 21. attributes are not easily expandable (for future changes)XML ValidationValid XML Documents<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><!DOCTYPE note SYSTEM "Note.dtd"><note><to>Tove</to><from>Jani</from><heading>Reminder</heading><body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body></note>
- 22. XML Validation cont…XML DTD[<!ELEMENT note (to,from,heading,body)><!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT heading (#PCDATA)><!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)>]>XML Schema<xs:element name="note"><xs:complexType>Ìý <xs:sequence>ÌýÌýÌý <xs:element name="to"Ìýtype="xs:string"/>ÌýÌýÌý <xs:element name="from"Ìýtype="xs:string"/>ÌýÌýÌý <xs:element name="heading" type="xs:string"/>ÌýÌýÌý <xs:element name="body"Ìýtype="xs:string"/>Ìý </xs:sequence></xs:complexType></xs:element>
- 23. XML ValidatorSyntax-Check Your XMLhttp://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_validator.aspSyntax-Check an XML Filehttp://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_validator.aspValidate Your XML Against a DTD
- 24. Displaying XML with CSS<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="cd_catalog.css"?><CATALOG>Ìý <CD>ÌýÌýÌý <TITLE>Empire Burlesque</TITLE>ÌýÌýÌý <ARTIST>Bob Dylan</ARTIST>ÌýÌýÌý <COUNTRY>USA</COUNTRY>ÌýÌýÌý <COMPANY>Columbia</COMPANY>ÌýÌýÌý <PRICE>10.90</PRICE>ÌýÌýÌý <YEAR>1985</YEAR>Ìý </CD>Ìý <CD>ÌýÌýÌý <TITLE>Hide your heart</TITLE>ÌýÌýÌý <ARTIST>Bonnie Tyler</ARTIST>ÌýÌýÌý <COUNTRY>UK</COUNTRY>ÌýÌýÌý <COMPANY>CBS Records</COMPANY>ÌýÌýÌý <PRICE>9.90</PRICE>ÌýÌýÌý <YEAR>1988</YEAR>Ìý </CD>...</CATALOG>http://www.w3schools.com/xml/cd_catalog.xmlhttp://www.w3schools.com/xml/cd_catalog.txthttp://www.w3schools.com/xml/cd_catalog_with_css.xml
- 26. Thank you