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‫ولية‬
‫أ‬
‫ال‬‫سعافات‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ا‬
‫أشراف‬
:
‫أ‬
.
‫صقر‬ ‫سلوى‬
‫إعداد‬
‫وإلقاء‬
:
‫المساعدات‬
:
‫الخيفي‬ ‫ساره‬
‫عبد‬ ‫حواء‬
‫العيزيز‬
‫لمصاب‬‫تقدم‬‫معالجة‬‫و‬
‫أ‬
‫ا‬‫مساعدة‬‫ول‬
‫أ‬
‫ا‬‫هو‬‫ولي‬
‫أ‬
‫ال‬ ‫اإلسعاف‬
‫ي‬
‫أ‬
‫با‬‫دوات‬
‫أ‬
‫ا‬‫من‬‫يتوافر‬‫بما‬‫لإلسعاف‬‫طريقة‬‫تجال‬‫ر‬‫ا‬
‫إصابة‬
‫اإلسعاف‬‫سيارة‬‫وصول‬‫قبل‬‫مفاجئ‬ ‫مرض‬‫و‬
‫أ‬
‫ا‬
.1
‫حياته‬‫على‬ ‫الحفاظ‬
.2
‫حالته‬‫ر‬‫تدهو‬‫تحاشي‬
.3
‫الشفاء‬‫على‬‫مساعدته‬
‫ولية‬
‫أ‬
‫ال‬‫سعافات‬‫إ‬‫ل‬‫ا‬
‫الحروق‬
‫في‬ ‫اإلهمال‬ ‫عن‬ ‫المنزل‬ ‫في‬ ‫الحروق‬ ‫أغلب‬ ‫تنتج‬
‫استعمال‬
:
.1
‫الساخنة‬ ‫السوائل‬ ‫والسجائر‬ ‫الثقاب‬ ‫أعواد‬
.2
‫الصالحة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫التدفئة‬ ‫أجهزة‬
.3
‫الطبخ‬ ‫أوعية‬
.4
‫الكهربائية‬ ‫األجهزة‬
.5
‫القوية‬ ‫الكيميائية‬ ‫المنظفات‬
.1
‫الدم‬ ‫مصل‬ ‫فقدان‬
.2
‫الجسم‬ ‫سوائل‬ ‫فقد‬
.3
‫الجسم‬ ‫أنسجة‬ ‫تهتك‬
.4
‫االختناق‬
‫األولى‬ ‫الدرجة‬ ‫حروق‬
‫الثانية‬ ‫الدرجة‬ ‫حروق‬
‫الثالثة‬ ‫الدرجة‬ ‫حروق‬
16038الحروق.
16038الحروق.
16038الحروق.
16038الحروق.
‫ق‬‫و‬‫الحر‬‫انواع‬‫بسط‬
‫أ‬
‫ا‬‫هي‬
‫عالماتها‬
:
.1
‫األحمرار‬
.2
‫والتورم‬ ‫اللون‬ ‫تغير‬
.3
‫األلم‬
.
.1
‫للشمس‬ ‫الزائد‬ ‫التعرض‬ ‫عند‬
.2
‫الساخنة‬ ‫االجسام‬ ‫مع‬ ‫الخفيف‬ ‫التالمس‬
‫إلى‬ ‫االولى‬ ‫الدرجة‬ ‫حروق‬ ‫تحتاج‬ ‫وال‬
‫كب‬ ‫مساحتها‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫إال‬ ‫طبية‬ ‫رعاية‬
‫يرة‬
16038الحروق.
.1
‫المصاب‬ ‫الجزء‬ ‫يغمر‬
‫الب‬ ‫بالماء‬
‫ارد‬
‫عليه‬ ‫توضع‬ ‫أو‬
‫باردة‬ ‫كمادات‬
‫الحاجة‬ ‫حسب‬
.2
‫المحروقة‬ ‫المنطقة‬ ‫تغطى‬
‫جافة‬ ‫بضمادات‬
.
‫صور‬
‫ة‬
‫جروح‬ ‫من‬ ‫أعمق‬ ً‫ا‬‫جروح‬ ‫تسبب‬
‫األولى‬ ‫الدرجة‬
‫الخار‬ ‫الجلد‬ ‫طبقتي‬ ‫وتصيب‬
‫جية‬
‫والداخلية‬
‫صو‬
‫ره‬
‫عالماتها‬
:
.1
‫الفقاعات‬ ‫تكون‬
.2
‫ع‬ ‫وينتفخ‬ ‫الحرق‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫ويتورم‬
‫دة‬
‫أيام‬
.3
‫الج‬ ‫طبقات‬ ‫عبر‬ ‫المصل‬ ‫نضوج‬
‫لد‬
‫التالفة‬
16038الحروق.
•
‫لتق‬ ‫وذالك‬ ‫البارد‬ ‫بالماء‬ ‫المحروق‬ ‫الجزء‬ ‫يغمر‬
‫ليل‬
‫األلم‬
,
‫إل‬ ‫الطريقة‬ ‫بهذه‬ ‫األنسجة‬ ‫تبريد‬ ‫ويؤدي‬
‫تقليل‬ ‫ى‬
‫للجلد‬ ‫المالصقة‬ ‫األنسجة‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحرارة‬
.
•
‫معقمة‬ ‫بضمادات‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫المنطقة‬ ‫تجفف‬ ‫ثم‬
,
‫أو‬
‫مكوية‬ ‫قماش‬ ‫قطعة‬
.
•
‫جافة‬ ‫ضمادة‬ ‫بقطعة‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫الحرق‬ ‫يغطى‬
,
‫وير‬
‫اعى‬
‫ثقب‬ ‫محاولة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المحروقة‬ ‫األنسجة‬ ‫إزالة‬ ‫عدم‬
•
‫طبية‬ ‫رعاية‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحصول‬ ‫باإلمكان‬ ‫يكن‬ ‫لم‬ ‫إذا‬
‫األسباب‬ ‫من‬ ‫لسبب‬
,
‫مبلل‬ ‫الضمادة‬ ‫ترك‬ ‫فيجب‬
‫ة‬
‫الناضج‬ ‫بالمصل‬
-
‫كري‬ ‫رائحة‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫أصبحت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫إال‬
‫هة‬
‫مالحظة‬
:
ً‫ا‬‫مطلق‬ ‫القطن‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫يراعى‬
,
‫و‬ ‫بالحرق‬ ‫يلصق‬ ‫ألنه‬
‫يتسخ‬
‫إلتهابات‬ ‫حصول‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫ويؤدي‬
.
•
‫تبل‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫الضمادة‬ ‫إزالة‬ ‫وقبل‬
‫ليها‬
‫فترة‬ ‫وتركها‬ ‫المعقم‬ ‫بالماء‬
,
‫ثم‬
‫نفسه‬ ‫المصاب‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫أزالتها‬
.
‫ب‬
‫عد‬
‫با‬ ‫المحروقة‬ ‫المنطقة‬ ‫تغسل‬ ‫ذلك‬
‫لماء‬
‫من‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫أحترق‬ ‫إذا‬
15
%
‫مساحة‬ ‫من‬
‫أو‬ ‫البالغ‬ ‫جسم‬
10
%
‫جسم‬ ‫مساحة‬ ‫من‬
‫الطفل‬
,
‫إلى‬ ‫المصاب‬ ‫إدخال‬ ‫فيجب‬
‫المستشفى‬
.
‫أع‬ ‫تلف‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الثالثة‬ ‫الدرجة‬ ‫حروق‬ ‫تؤدي‬
‫مق‬
‫السابقة‬ ‫الدرجات‬ ‫حروق‬ ‫من‬ ‫وأكبر‬
,
‫ويبد‬
‫و‬
‫أو‬ ‫الشمع‬ ‫بلون‬ ‫مبيضا‬ ‫الحرق‬ ‫مكان‬
ً‫ا‬‫مسود‬
.
‫حد‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫بألم‬ ‫المصاب‬ ‫يشعر‬ ‫وال‬
‫وث‬
‫الحرق‬
,
‫الجل‬ ‫طبقات‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫تحترق‬ ‫حيث‬
‫د‬
‫الداخلية‬ ‫األنسجة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫باإلضافة‬
.
‫لحرق‬ ‫مشابها‬ ‫وهلة‬ ‫ألول‬ ‫الحرق‬ ‫ويبدو‬
‫الثانية‬ ‫الدرجة‬
,
‫الثانية‬ ‫الدرجة‬ ‫وحروق‬
‫الدم‬ ‫خاليا‬ ‫تدمير‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫تؤدي‬ ‫والثالثة‬
‫الحمراء‬
.
‫أن‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫إال‬ ‫الحرق‬ ‫شفاء‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫وال‬
‫الحر‬ ‫موضع‬ ‫ألتهب‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫إال‬ ‫جديد‬ ‫جلد‬ ‫ينمو‬
‫ق‬
ً‫ا‬‫شديد‬ ‫التهابا‬
,
‫الم‬ ‫النظافة‬ ‫فان‬ ‫ولذلك‬
‫تناهية‬
•
‫المحترقة‬ ‫المالبس‬ ‫قطع‬ ‫إزالة‬ ‫محاولة‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫يجب‬
‫الحرق‬ ‫بمكان‬ ‫الملتصقة‬
,
‫ا‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫تغطية‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫بل‬
‫لحرق‬
‫معقمة‬ ‫بضمادة‬
.
•
‫المساحات‬ ‫على‬ ‫المثلج‬ ‫الماء‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫يراعى‬
‫الحروق‬ ‫من‬ ‫الواسعة‬
,
‫أثر‬ ‫تزايد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يؤدي‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫الن‬
‫الصدمة‬
,
‫مواد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫مراهم‬ ‫أي‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫يراعى‬ ‫كما‬
‫به‬ ‫سيقوم‬ ‫ما‬ ‫مع‬ ‫يتعارض‬ ‫قد‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫ألن‬ ‫أخرى‬
‫المستشفى‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المصاب‬ ‫نقل‬ ‫تأخر‬ ‫إذا‬
,
‫وكان‬
‫الملح‬ ‫من‬ ‫محلوال‬ ‫يعطى‬ ‫مستيقظا‬ ‫المصاب‬
(
‫ملع‬
‫قة‬
‫ماء‬ ‫لتر‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫صغيرة‬ ‫ملح‬
)
‫ويعطى‬
‫البالغ‬
‫نص‬
‫ف‬
‫شدي‬ ‫ببطء‬ ‫ويشرب‬ ‫ساعة‬ ‫ربع‬ ‫كل‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫كوب‬
‫د‬
.
‫إما‬
‫الصغار‬ ‫األطفال‬
‫كوب‬ ‫ربع‬ ‫فيعطون‬
,
‫و‬
‫األطفال‬
‫السنة‬ ‫دون‬
‫كوب‬ ‫من‬ُ‫ث‬ ‫إعطائهم‬ ‫يجب‬
.
‫ويجب‬
‫الق‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬ ‫السوائل‬ ‫أعطاء‬ ‫عن‬ ‫التوقف‬
‫يء‬

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16038الحروق.