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իսլամ
- 1. Իսլամ
- 2. Իսլամըկրոն է, որի հիմքը Ղուրանն է:Իսլամ բառն ունի մի քանի իմաստ, բառացիորեն թարգմանվում է որպես «խաղաղություն»: Այլ իմաստով այդ բառը նշանակում է «Ալլահին անձնատուր լինել»: Այլ տերմինաբանությամբ իսլամը - բացարձակ միաստվածություն է, Ալլահին ենթարկվելը: Մարդիկ, ովքեր ենթարկվում են Ալլահին կոչվում են մուսուլմաններ:
- 3. Ղուրանի տեսանկյունից, իսլամը - միակ ճշմարիտ կրոնն է, նրա հետեւորդները են բոլոր մարգարեները: Իսլամը վերջնական ձևով ներկայացվել է Մուհամմեդ մարգարեի քարոզների ժամանակ, ով ստացել տեղեկություններ նոր կրոնի մասին Ղուրանի տեսքով
- 4. Իսլամի տեսանկյունից հին մարգարեների հետևորդները շեղվել են ճիշտ ճանապարհից, որը տրվել է նրանց Աստծո կողմից, իսկ հնագույն գրքերի տեքստերը աստիճանաբար խեղաթյուրվում էին: Ամեն անգամ ճշմարիտ հավատքը թարմացնելու համար, Աստված ուղարկում էր տարբեր ժողովուրդների մոտ իր առաքյալներին, այդ թվում Աբրահամին, Մովսեսին, Հիսուսին: Վերջին առաքյալը մարգարեներից Մուհամմեդն է, ով մարդկությանը բերեց իսլամը պարզ և անձեռնմխելի տեսքով:
- 5. ԱլլահԱլլահ - արաբերեն Աստված, արարիչ, ամեն ինչի ստեղծող և կազմակերպիչ: Բացի նրանից, ոչ ոք չունի այդ հատկանիշները: Նա չուներ և չի ունենա, ոչ տղա ոչ աղջիկ. Ալլահի առկայությունը անհրաժեշտ է իսկ դրա բացակայությունը անհնար: Ըստ մահմեդականների, նա չունի իրեն հավասարների, եւ դրանով արտահայտվում է իր եզակի լինելը:
- 6. ՂուրանՂուրան - իսլամի սուրբ գիրքն է: Ըստ իսլամի ուսմունքի, Ղուրանը ուղիղ, հավերժական և իրական Աստծո խոսքն է: Ղուրանը ուղարկվել է Աստծո կողմից յոթերորդ երկինք, եւ ապա` հրեշտակ Ջիբրիլը մաս-մաս փոխանցեց այն Մոհամմեդ մարգարեին ավելի քան 23 տարիների ընթացքում:Ղուրան բառը գալիս է արաբական Kyranբառից (բարձրաձայն ընթերցանություն): Ղուրանը բաղկացած է 114 սուրահներից (գլուխների) եւ 6600 քառյակներից: Ժամանակագրական կարգով առանձնանում են մեքքենական և մեդինական սուրահներ: Մահմեդականները կարծում են, որ Ղուրանը պարունակում է Աստծո նոր օրենքը, որն ունի աննշան տարբերություններ նախորդող օրենքներից:
- 8. ՄուհամեդՄուհամմեդը (մոտ 570թ - հունիսի 8, 632թ) - Իսլամի մարգարեն է, ով ուղարկվել է Աստծո կողմից ամբողջ մարդկությանը: Մահմեդականները հավատում են, որ Մուհամեդի միջոցով, Աստված ուղարկել է նոր կրոնը - իսլամը - ավարտուն տեսքով, ինչպես նաև Ղուրանը - վերջին Աստվածային Հայտնությունը: Ըստ Իսլամի դրույթների, Մուհամմեդը – Աստծո վերջին առաքյալն է նրանից հետո առաքյալներ չեն լինի մինչև դատաստանի օրը: Մուհամմեդը Մեքքենական Ղուրայշ ցեղից էր: Նրա նախնիներից է մարգարե Աբրահամը ու նրա որդի Իսմայիլը: Ռազմաքաղաքական, տնտեսական, կրթական եւ այլ ձեռքբերումները մահմեդականների կողմից հանգեցրել է նրան, որ իսլամը դարձավ համաշխարհային կրոն, Մահմեդականների տեսանկյունից, Իսլամի ծագումը և զարգացումը առաջին հերթին կապված է Աստվածային հայտնութունից եւ ճակատագրից: Իսլամը դարձավ նոր քաղաքակրթության, նոր տիպի մտածողության, ապրելակերպի հիմքը, որոնք ազդել են մարդկության պատմության ընթացքում:
- 9. Մահմեդական համայնքներ գոյություն ունեն ավելի քան 120 երկրներում և համակցված են, ըստ տարբեր տվյալներով 1,3 մինչև 1,8 միլիարդ մարդ: 35 երկրներում մահմեդականները կազմում են բնակչության մեծ մասը, իսկ 29 երկրներում, Իսլամի հետևորդները կազմում են հզոր փոքրամասնություն: 28 երկրներում, իսլամը ճանաչվել է պետական կամ պաշտոնական կրոն: Միայն մահմեդականների 18% է ապրում արաբական երկրներում: Իսլամը երկրորդ ամենամեծ կրոնն է աշխարհում քրիստոնեությունից հետո, ինչպես նաև մոլորակի ամենաարագ աճող կրոնը:
- 10. Վերջ