Covid-19 and Professional Football in Australia
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Professional sports in Australia are facing significant challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic and pre-existing financial issues. Before the pandemic, per capita spending on sports was declining and media rights deals and sponsorships were becoming more difficult to secure. The pandemic exposed that clubs were unprepared for severe financial shocks, lacking contingency savings or wage insurance. It may cause a reduction in attendance at games long-term due to social distancing requirements. This will particularly threaten sports with high cost structures like rugby union or those with narrower fan bases like new female leagues. Structural reforms are needed for clubs to survive, such as contingency funds and developing international markets.
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一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理毕业证|办理文凭: 买大学毕业证|买大学文凭【q薇1954292140】威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校学位证明书如何办理申请？
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理美国成绩单威斯康星大学密尔沃基分校毕业证【q薇1954292140】国外大学毕业证, 文凭办理, 国外文凭办理, 留信网认证1.1 national service scheme studetns college government college.pptx
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#Strategic planning in Africa,#Operational efficiency #Risk mitigation framework
#Healthcare finance #CFO tools #Public-private finance #Financial transformation
#Revenue cycle improvement #Infrastructure budgeting #Temilola Onalaja S.T.A.R. Strategy
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acca_f2_june_2014_specimen_exam_paper_full.pdf
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This document is the official specimen exam paper for the ACCA F2 (Management Accounting) exam, specifically released for the June 2014 examination session. It has been published by the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) to provide students with a reliable and representative example of what to expect in the actual F2 examination. The paper includes a complete set of sample multiple-choice and structured questions that reflect the actual exam format, covering key topics such as budgeting, costing techniques, variance analysis, performance measurement, management information systems, and decision-making processes. Each question is designed to assess the candidate’s ability to apply management accounting principles in practical business contexts, and to think analytically and strategically. By working through this specimen paper, students can familiarize themselves with the standard of questions expected in the ACCA F2 exam and gain insight into effective time management and question interpretation strategies. This document is especially valuable for revision and exam practice, and can also serve as a benchmarking tool for evaluating a candidate’s readiness before taking the official exam. It is recommended that students attempt the paper under timed conditions and review the official model answers to identify areas of strength and improvement.Financial_Statements_Presentation.pptxindia students
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Dear Colleagues and Friends,
Community development is a powerful catalyst for national progress. When each community designs its own development model tailored to its unique needs, strengths, and values, transformative change unfolds at the grassroots—laying the foundation for a stronger, more resilient nation.
Inspired by this principle, I conducted a pilot study across global Muslim communities and formulated the “Muslim Community Development: A?Centre?Approach” (MCD Model). This model builds on core community development concepts—empowerment, asset-based planning, inclusivity, and local ownership —to mobilize community assets and encourage broad participation for sustainable social, economic, and cultural uplift.
I firmly believe the MCD Model offers a valuable framework not only for Muslim communities, but for any community worldwide. While it’s currently in its pilot phase, I’m committed to comparing its results with other community development models to evaluate effectiveness, scalability, and best practices.
Your suggestions, insights, and feedback are warmly welcomed. Please feel free to contact me for further discussion or clarification:
Dr.?T.?Aasif?Ahmed
? aasifahmed.t@gmail.comMacroeconomics Topic-UNEMPLOYMENT (Case Study)
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Covid-19 and Professional Football in Australia
- 1. Professional Football in Australia John Mangan Australian Institute for Business and Economics University of Queensland
- 2. Covid-19 and Professional Football in Australia A PERSONAL VIEW
- 3. Characteristics of Professional Sport in Australia – before COVD- 19 Media rights now more contested and sponsors more discerning Sports revenue function made up from attendance, sponsorship, media rights, merchandise membership and philanthropy Overall per capita spending on sport and recreation has fallen consistently over the last 5 years from $55.60 to $49.70 Initially this has impacted in the Super - Rugby Competition but is now starting to impact on A league, Netball and Basketball Market Saturation – heightened by the rapid and unexpected growth in professional female sport
- 4. Fragility & under- preparedness of clubs – living with COVID19 Clubs unprepared for severe shocks No real “future fund” or contingency savings Lack of wage insurance for players Lack of managerial talent - ex players often become CEO’s of clubs Lack of skilled staff - compare and contrast with US By and large Australian concentration is on domestic rather than international competition
- 5. What comes next? Clubs faced with excess costs - pressure on contracts May even see the re-emergence of the part-time professional 4 (8 including female counterparts) professional football codes - not all will survive Rugby union may go back to being a domestic club based sport or seek merger with Rugby League A league - look for sponsorship deals/player exchange with overseas clubs - need expansion into Asia, starting with Singapore Media - more discerning with contracts Structural reforms - contingency funds, wage insurance
- 6. Dire Predictions New hygiene measures for mass event winter sports is likely & will be costly to combat the annual flu season (2,800 die per year from the flu) This is another reason not to build super stadiums The COVID19 social distancing measures could represent a serious 'structural break' in terms of crowd attendance at football games, Pay-tv impact where people are more reluctant to go out to games Weakest sports structurally will be the most vulnerable NRL too high cost structure, Union – declining mass support numbers & narrow base, Female sport (new with low support base
- 7. CRICOS code 00025B Thank you Professor John Mangan Director Australian Institute for Business and Economics (AIBE) jmangan@bel.uq.edu.au 07 3346 1630