際際滷

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Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.
That is: a = v/t
Not an intuitive quantity.
Velocity also happens to change with time.
Cars are at rest at a red traffic light, and start
moving
when the light turns green.
Can we quantify the rate of change of velocity?
Is it useful?
Acceleration
A car is traveling along the positive x-axis at 10 meters per second.
Five seconds later, the car moves in the same direction
at 30 meters per second.
What is the acceleration?
Divide change in velocity by time taken:
Examples
Notice: m/s2
Why? a = v/t = (m/s)/s = m/s2
a = (Vf-Vi)/t
Where do I use the concept of acceleration?
When I compare a pick-up truck with a sports car.
e.g.:
F150 0-60 mi/h in 10 sec
Dodge Viper 0-60 mi/h in 4 sec
http://www.f150online.com/galleries/albumview.cfm?num=3268From Dodge website
A car is traveling along the positive x-axis at 30 meters per
second.
Five seconds later, it is traveling in the same direction
at 10 meters per second.
What is the component of acceleration away from
Richmond?
Divide change in velocity by time taken:
Acceleration can be negative!
v= x/t
a = v/t
What does this really mean??
First of, let us rewrite:
x = vt, that is: xf-xi = vt
v = at, that is: vf-vi = at
More on acceleration....
Examples.
1. A car travels at 10 m/s.
After 1s, it has covered x = vt = 10 m.
After 2 s, it covers 20m. And so on
2. A car starts from rest with a positive acceleration of 10 m/s2
.
In the beginning, v = 0.
After 1 s, v = 0 + a t = 10 x 1 = 10 m/s.
After 2 s, v = 20 m/s and so on.
3. A car has a positive velocity v = 30 m/s, and a negative acceleration
a = -10 m/s.
After 1 s, v = 30 + a t = 30 + (-10)x1 = 20 m/s (it slows down!)
After 2 s, v = 10 m/s.
After 3 s, v = 0.
After 4 s, v = 30 -10x4 = -10 m/s. (i.e., now it goes in the opposite direction!)
x = vt, that is: xf-xi = vt
v = at, that is: vf-vi = at
The car in the picture below starts to spin its tires in reverse while moving forward.
It comes to a stop and then moves backwards.
The velocity vector is red. The acceleration vector is yellow.
Cartoon of last example....
 the car moves forward 
 stops 
 and then moves in reverse 
KEEP THIS IN MIND!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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4 accel

  • 1. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity. That is: a = v/t Not an intuitive quantity. Velocity also happens to change with time. Cars are at rest at a red traffic light, and start moving when the light turns green. Can we quantify the rate of change of velocity? Is it useful? Acceleration
  • 2. A car is traveling along the positive x-axis at 10 meters per second. Five seconds later, the car moves in the same direction at 30 meters per second. What is the acceleration? Divide change in velocity by time taken: Examples Notice: m/s2 Why? a = v/t = (m/s)/s = m/s2 a = (Vf-Vi)/t
  • 3. Where do I use the concept of acceleration? When I compare a pick-up truck with a sports car. e.g.: F150 0-60 mi/h in 10 sec Dodge Viper 0-60 mi/h in 4 sec http://www.f150online.com/galleries/albumview.cfm?num=3268From Dodge website
  • 4. A car is traveling along the positive x-axis at 30 meters per second. Five seconds later, it is traveling in the same direction at 10 meters per second. What is the component of acceleration away from Richmond? Divide change in velocity by time taken: Acceleration can be negative!
  • 5. v= x/t a = v/t What does this really mean?? First of, let us rewrite: x = vt, that is: xf-xi = vt v = at, that is: vf-vi = at More on acceleration....
  • 6. Examples. 1. A car travels at 10 m/s. After 1s, it has covered x = vt = 10 m. After 2 s, it covers 20m. And so on 2. A car starts from rest with a positive acceleration of 10 m/s2 . In the beginning, v = 0. After 1 s, v = 0 + a t = 10 x 1 = 10 m/s. After 2 s, v = 20 m/s and so on. 3. A car has a positive velocity v = 30 m/s, and a negative acceleration a = -10 m/s. After 1 s, v = 30 + a t = 30 + (-10)x1 = 20 m/s (it slows down!) After 2 s, v = 10 m/s. After 3 s, v = 0. After 4 s, v = 30 -10x4 = -10 m/s. (i.e., now it goes in the opposite direction!) x = vt, that is: xf-xi = vt v = at, that is: vf-vi = at
  • 7. The car in the picture below starts to spin its tires in reverse while moving forward. It comes to a stop and then moves backwards. The velocity vector is red. The acceleration vector is yellow. Cartoon of last example.... the car moves forward stops and then moves in reverse KEEP THIS IN MIND!!!!!!!!!!!!!!