Hypothetical machine and instruction flow scenarios
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Hypothetical Machine. Components of hypothetical machine. Example of hypothetical machine. Instruction Flow Scenarios. Data flow fetch cycle. Data flow indirect cycle. Data flow interrupt cycle. Instruction cycle state diagram.
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The document discusses the components inside a CPU. It describes the motherboard, power supply, cooling fan, and drive bays that are inside the computer case. On the motherboard are the system clock, microprocessor, memory, chipset, and input/output buses. The CPU is made up of a control unit, instruction unit with ALU and FPU, registers, caches, and buses that connect the components. Common CPU components like the clock, control unit, and cache are also explained in detail.APznzaboj9CF_9DQRT2HR-lWEYeLjr197Vw_ZUktUfDvP5Qqd8SL2ZSNwpIwVoC6MN9lqvglTXM11...
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Session 1 :DLT mass adoption
IBM Tsuyoshi Hirayama (ƽɽÒã)Hypothetical machine and instruction flow scenarios
- 2. INTRODUCTION The hypothetical computer described here serves as a model, or abstraction, of the step-by-step behavior of a real-life digital computer. Being only a model (and thus a simplification of reality), the hypothetical computer does not possess all the capabilities of a (typical) real-life general-purpose computer; however, it operates in, essentially, the same way. Thus, by coming to an understanding of this model, you will have come also to a better understanding of what goes on "under the hood" of your laptop computer, or smart phone, or other digital data processing device that you may happen to use.
- 3. COMPONENTS OF HYPOTHETICAL MACHINE ?RAM (main memory): ? 16-bit memory locations ?Central Processing Unit (CPU): ? Control unit (CU): does the decoding (or interpreting) of instructions, and sends out the electronic signals that cause an instruction to be executed ? Arithmetic/logic unit (ALU): carries out the arithmetic calculations (e.g., adding) and logical calculations (e.g., comparing) ? Registers: special, high-speed storage cells (but not part of RAM) that are directly accessible by the CU and ALU ? Accumulator (AC): Holds data that has just been produced as the result of an instruction or that is about to be operated upon ? Program Counter (PC): Holds the address of the memory location containing the next instruction to be executed. ? Instruction Register (IR) Holds the instruction about to be (or being) executed
- 4. COMPONENTS OF HYPOTHETICAL MACHINE ?I/O Devices: ? keyboard, at which the user can enter integer values ? screen, on which integer values can be displayed
- 5. EXAMPLE: Step 1: Step 2:
- 6. Step 3: Step 4:
- 7. Step 5: Step 6:
- 8. INSTRUCTION FLOW SCENARIOS ?Fetch the instruction ? The CPU sends the PC to the MAR and sends a read command on the address bus ? In response to the read command, the memory returns the data stored at the memory location indicated by PC on the data bus ? The CPU copies the data from the data bus into its MBR ? A fraction of a second later, the CPU copies the data from the MDR to the instruction register (IR) ? The PC is incremented so that it points to the following instruction in memory. This step prepares the CPU for the next cycle. ?Decode the instruction ? The opcode fetched from the memory is decoded for the next steps and moved to the appropriate registers.
- 9. INSTRUCTION FLOW ?Reading the effective address ? Direct memory instruction - Nothing is being done. ? Indirect memory instruction - The effective address is being read from the memory. ?Execute Instruction ? Here, the function of the instruction is performed. If the instruction involves arithmetic or logic, the Arithmetic Logic Unit is utilized.
- 10. DATA FLOW FETCH CYCLE
- 11. DATA FLOW INDIRECT CYCLE
- 12. DATA FLOW INTERRUPT CYCLE