The document summarizes key aspects of our solar system and the Earth. It describes:
1) The structure of the universe including galaxies, stars, and other celestial bodies. Our solar system is part of the Milky Way galaxy and revolves around the Sun.
2) The Earth rotates daily and revolves yearly around the Sun. It has atmospheric gases, oceans, and different layers within its solid surface.
3) The Moon rotates and revolves around the Earth over 28 days, displaying changing phases from new to full and back each month. Lunar and solar eclipses can occur when the Sun, Earth, and Moon align.
This document provides information about space, cosmology, the Big Bang theory, and the formation and significance of stars. It discusses what space is, the study of cosmology, evidence for the Big Bang, how stars are formed from nebulae and gravitational collapse, and how stars provide light, heat, energy and are essential for life on Earth.
The document provides information about the planets in our solar system including Earth, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. For each planet, it lists the number of moons, day length, year length, and an interesting fact. Key details given include Earth having no moons and a 24 hour day, Venus named after the Roman goddess of love, Mars having 2 moons and temperatures varying from 0 to -100 degrees C, and Pluto being cold at -233 degrees C.
There are different life cycle stages for stars depending on their original mass. Low mass stars progress through the stages of nebula, main sequence, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf, and black dwarf. High mass stars go through nebula, main sequence, red supergiant, supernova, and either become a neutron star or black hole. The main sequence stage can last billions of years for low mass stars but only millions for high mass stars.
Asteroids are rocky and metallic objects that orbit the sun but are too small to be considered planets. They have diverse compositions and shapes, ranging from nearly spherical to very irregular. They are classified based on their composition as determined from spectral analysis and similarities to known meteorites. Asteroids can be found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, as well as in near-Earth orbits such as the Amor, Apollo, Aten, and Trojan groups.
Galaxies contain billions of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity. The Milky Way galaxy is our galaxy and contains over 100 billion stars. Galaxies can be elliptical or irregular shapes. Our solar system consists of the sun and eight planets plus dwarf planets orbiting the sun. Planets can be inner planets like Earth that orbit close to the sun or outer planets like Jupiter that orbit farther from the sun. A light year is the distance light travels in one year and galaxies can be many light years across. The zodiac signs have roots in ancient cultures and are based on Greek myths. Constellations are groupings of stars named by ancient astronomers.
This document discusses different aspects of stars, including:
- What stars are composed of, both on their surfaces and interiors. Most are made of hydrogen and helium, but also contain heavier elements.
- How stars are born from collapsing clouds of gas and dust, and how they spend most of their lives fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores.
- The two types of deaths stars can experience - smaller stars like our Sun become white dwarfs, while larger stars end as supernovae.
- The different categories of stars including main sequence, red giants, and more exotic objects like neutron stars and black holes.
- Additional facts about stars like their variety of sizes, numbers in our galaxy
The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy that contains our solar system. It is estimated to contain 200 billion stars and is around 100,000 light years in diameter. The Milky Way consists of a disk, bulge, and halo. Most star formation occurs in the spiral arms of the disk. Stars orbit the center of the galaxy and form the disk and bulge structures. New stars continue to form from gas and dust in the disk.
The document summarizes key facts about the solar system, including its composition of one star, eight planets, and numerous moons, asteroids, comets, and meteoroids. It describes how planetary sizes, masses, and densities are determined through observation and measurement. It distinguishes between terrestrial and Jovian planets and discusses other solar system objects like asteroids, meteoroids, and comets. It proposes that the solar system formed from a flattened disk of gas and dust surrounding the young Sun, which over time condensed into planetesimals and eventually the planets through collisions and accumulation of material.
Stars begin as clouds of gas and dust called nebulae. When the cloud contracts under gravity, it heats up and forms a protostar at the center. Once the protostar reaches critical mass, nuclear fusion begins and the star enters the main sequence phase. During the main sequence, stars fuse hydrogen into helium. Eventually the star runs out of fuel and its life cycle depends on its size - smaller stars become white dwarfs while very massive stars explode as supernovae.
Solar system - a powerpoint presentation by Tanisha Pahwa - 5thRajesh Pahwa
油
This document provides a summary of the solar system and its exploration in the form of a slideshow presentation. It begins with an introduction to the solar system, then provides details about each planet from the Sun to Neptune in individual slides. Additional slides cover other heavenly bodies like dwarf planets, asteroids, meteors, comets and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The presentation includes interesting facts, diagrams and numbers about each topic. It aims to educate students in class 4 about the amazing facts of space and the universe.
The document provides information about the solar system, including its definition, composition, formation via the Big Bang theory, and details about the Sun and eight planets. It describes that the solar system formed nearly 5 billion years ago from a massive explosion called the Big Bang. It is comprised of the Sun, eight planets, dwarf planets, moons, and other celestial bodies that orbit the Sun. Each planet is then defined with key details about its composition, rotation, revolution, and notable features.
This document provides an overview of human understanding of the universe over the past 3000 years. It begins with ancient Greek philosophers' early concepts of astronomy and the structure of the universe. It then discusses the major scientific breakthroughs from the 15th century onward that led to modern cosmological theories, including the work of Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein and others. The document concludes by noting some of the key discoveries of the early 20th century that helped establish modern physics and our current understanding of the universe.
This document provides information about minerals and their properties. It defines a mineral as being naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, and having a definite crystal structure and chemical composition. Minerals form through crystallization as magma or hot water solutions cool. Common minerals include quartz, calcite, and pyrite. Minerals have various properties that can be used to identify them such as color, crystal structure, hardness, and density. Many minerals are important resources and are used to make products like glass, jewelry, and metals. Metals are extracted from minerals through mining and smelting.
The document discusses upcoming NASA space shuttle missions, an asteroid passing close to Earth, and provides an introduction to astronomy topics including the Big Bang theory, formation of stars and galaxies, light years, types of galaxies, solar systems, and milestones in space exploration. Key information includes the launch dates and durations of the final two space shuttle missions, an asteroid passing within 45,000 km of Earth on October 5, and an overview of how the universe formed and evolved according to the current scientific understanding.
The document discusses the classification of stars based on size, temperature, brightness, and lifespan. It describes how stars are born from nebulae and how their lifespan and death depends on their mass. Smaller stars have less violent deaths, becoming white dwarfs, while larger stars die in supernova explosions, potentially leaving behind neutron stars or black holes. It also provides an overview of the different types of galaxies including spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies.
The Milky Way galaxy is our home galaxy, which contains over 100 billion stars. It is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 120,000 light years in diameter. The Solar System is located in one of the galaxy's spiral arms, about 27,000 light years from the galactic core. In the future, it is expected that the Milky Way will collide and merge with the neighboring Andromeda galaxy in 3-4 billion years.
The document summarizes the layers that make up the Earth's interior. It is divided into four main layers from outermost to innermost: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the topmost layer and ranges from 5-40km thick. It is divided into continental and oceanic crust. Below the crust is the mantle, which is the largest layer and makes up over 80% of the Earth's volume. The outer core is a liquid layer of iron and nickel beneath the mantle. The very center of Earth is the inner core, made of solid iron and nickel.
The document provides an overview of the universe and the solar system. It defines the universe as the space and time containing all matter and energy, governed by physical laws. The universe originated from the Big Bang around 13.7 billion years ago. It then describes the possible endings for the universe as the Big Crunch, Big Rip, Big Bounce, or Big Freeze. The rest of the document details the components that make up the solar system, including the planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, and other celestial bodies.
The document discusses how plate tectonics leads to mountain building. Most of the world's major mountain ranges, like the Andes and Himalayas, are found along plate boundaries where converging plates cause folding and uplift of the crust over millions of years. The highest mountain ranges formed relatively recently, within the past tens of millions of years, due to movement of Earth's tectonic plates.
Asteroids are small rocky or metallic bodies that orbit the sun and range in size from meters to over 500 km wide. They are found predominantly in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Ceres is the largest asteroid at 940 km in diameter. Asteroids are classified according to their composition, with C-type asteroids being the most common at 75% and consisting of carbon and dust. It is believed that an asteroid impact was responsible for the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
Presentaci坦 digital sobre el nostre planeta, la Terra, i la seva situaci坦 a l'univers. Tamb辿 aprendrs perqu竪 tenim dia i nit i perqu竪 canviem d'estaci坦.
This document discusses different aspects of stars, including:
- What stars are composed of, both on their surfaces and interiors. Most are made of hydrogen and helium, but also contain heavier elements.
- How stars are born from collapsing clouds of gas and dust, and how they spend most of their lives fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores.
- The two types of deaths stars can experience - smaller stars like our Sun become white dwarfs, while larger stars end as supernovae.
- The different categories of stars including main sequence, red giants, and more exotic objects like neutron stars and black holes.
- Additional facts about stars like their variety of sizes, numbers in our galaxy
The Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy that contains our solar system. It is estimated to contain 200 billion stars and is around 100,000 light years in diameter. The Milky Way consists of a disk, bulge, and halo. Most star formation occurs in the spiral arms of the disk. Stars orbit the center of the galaxy and form the disk and bulge structures. New stars continue to form from gas and dust in the disk.
The document summarizes key facts about the solar system, including its composition of one star, eight planets, and numerous moons, asteroids, comets, and meteoroids. It describes how planetary sizes, masses, and densities are determined through observation and measurement. It distinguishes between terrestrial and Jovian planets and discusses other solar system objects like asteroids, meteoroids, and comets. It proposes that the solar system formed from a flattened disk of gas and dust surrounding the young Sun, which over time condensed into planetesimals and eventually the planets through collisions and accumulation of material.
Stars begin as clouds of gas and dust called nebulae. When the cloud contracts under gravity, it heats up and forms a protostar at the center. Once the protostar reaches critical mass, nuclear fusion begins and the star enters the main sequence phase. During the main sequence, stars fuse hydrogen into helium. Eventually the star runs out of fuel and its life cycle depends on its size - smaller stars become white dwarfs while very massive stars explode as supernovae.
Solar system - a powerpoint presentation by Tanisha Pahwa - 5thRajesh Pahwa
油
This document provides a summary of the solar system and its exploration in the form of a slideshow presentation. It begins with an introduction to the solar system, then provides details about each planet from the Sun to Neptune in individual slides. Additional slides cover other heavenly bodies like dwarf planets, asteroids, meteors, comets and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The presentation includes interesting facts, diagrams and numbers about each topic. It aims to educate students in class 4 about the amazing facts of space and the universe.
The document provides information about the solar system, including its definition, composition, formation via the Big Bang theory, and details about the Sun and eight planets. It describes that the solar system formed nearly 5 billion years ago from a massive explosion called the Big Bang. It is comprised of the Sun, eight planets, dwarf planets, moons, and other celestial bodies that orbit the Sun. Each planet is then defined with key details about its composition, rotation, revolution, and notable features.
This document provides an overview of human understanding of the universe over the past 3000 years. It begins with ancient Greek philosophers' early concepts of astronomy and the structure of the universe. It then discusses the major scientific breakthroughs from the 15th century onward that led to modern cosmological theories, including the work of Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein and others. The document concludes by noting some of the key discoveries of the early 20th century that helped establish modern physics and our current understanding of the universe.
This document provides information about minerals and their properties. It defines a mineral as being naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, and having a definite crystal structure and chemical composition. Minerals form through crystallization as magma or hot water solutions cool. Common minerals include quartz, calcite, and pyrite. Minerals have various properties that can be used to identify them such as color, crystal structure, hardness, and density. Many minerals are important resources and are used to make products like glass, jewelry, and metals. Metals are extracted from minerals through mining and smelting.
The document discusses upcoming NASA space shuttle missions, an asteroid passing close to Earth, and provides an introduction to astronomy topics including the Big Bang theory, formation of stars and galaxies, light years, types of galaxies, solar systems, and milestones in space exploration. Key information includes the launch dates and durations of the final two space shuttle missions, an asteroid passing within 45,000 km of Earth on October 5, and an overview of how the universe formed and evolved according to the current scientific understanding.
The document discusses the classification of stars based on size, temperature, brightness, and lifespan. It describes how stars are born from nebulae and how their lifespan and death depends on their mass. Smaller stars have less violent deaths, becoming white dwarfs, while larger stars die in supernova explosions, potentially leaving behind neutron stars or black holes. It also provides an overview of the different types of galaxies including spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies.
The Milky Way galaxy is our home galaxy, which contains over 100 billion stars. It is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 120,000 light years in diameter. The Solar System is located in one of the galaxy's spiral arms, about 27,000 light years from the galactic core. In the future, it is expected that the Milky Way will collide and merge with the neighboring Andromeda galaxy in 3-4 billion years.
The document summarizes the layers that make up the Earth's interior. It is divided into four main layers from outermost to innermost: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust is the topmost layer and ranges from 5-40km thick. It is divided into continental and oceanic crust. Below the crust is the mantle, which is the largest layer and makes up over 80% of the Earth's volume. The outer core is a liquid layer of iron and nickel beneath the mantle. The very center of Earth is the inner core, made of solid iron and nickel.
The document provides an overview of the universe and the solar system. It defines the universe as the space and time containing all matter and energy, governed by physical laws. The universe originated from the Big Bang around 13.7 billion years ago. It then describes the possible endings for the universe as the Big Crunch, Big Rip, Big Bounce, or Big Freeze. The rest of the document details the components that make up the solar system, including the planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, and other celestial bodies.
The document discusses how plate tectonics leads to mountain building. Most of the world's major mountain ranges, like the Andes and Himalayas, are found along plate boundaries where converging plates cause folding and uplift of the crust over millions of years. The highest mountain ranges formed relatively recently, within the past tens of millions of years, due to movement of Earth's tectonic plates.
Asteroids are small rocky or metallic bodies that orbit the sun and range in size from meters to over 500 km wide. They are found predominantly in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Ceres is the largest asteroid at 940 km in diameter. Asteroids are classified according to their composition, with C-type asteroids being the most common at 75% and consisting of carbon and dust. It is believed that an asteroid impact was responsible for the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
Presentaci坦 digital sobre el nostre planeta, la Terra, i la seva situaci坦 a l'univers. Tamb辿 aprendrs perqu竪 tenim dia i nit i perqu竪 canviem d'estaci坦.
2. NDEX
1.1. El Sistema Solar
1.2. Els components de lUnivers
1.3. Lorigen de lUnivers
1.4. La rotaci坦 de la Terra
1.5. Translaci坦 de la Terra
1.6. La Terra i la Lluna
4. El Sistema Solar
Es va originar fa 4.500 milions d'anys a partir
d'una nebulosa de gas i pols.
El Sol est al centre del Sistema Solar i concentra
el 99,85% de la massa. El Sol 辿s una estrella de
mida mitjana formada per hidrogen i heli. Hi tenen
lloc reaccions nuclears que produeixen energia: la
seva superf鱈cie es troba a 6.000尊C.
Al voltant del Sol giren: planetes, sat竪l揃lits,
planetes nans, cometes i asteroides.
5. Els asteroides s坦n cossos s嘆lids e irregulars,
m辿s petits que els planetes, i que giren al voltant
d'una estrella.
Els cometes s坦n cossos celestes formats per un nucli
s嘆lid de gel i una o vries cues gasoses
Els sat竪l.lits s坦n astres sense llum pr嘆pia i giren al voltant d'un
planeta.
Els planetes s坦n astres sense llum
pr嘆pia que giren al voltant d'una
estrella.
Planetes nans. Cossos la massa dels quals els
permet tenir forma esf竪rica, per嘆 no la suficient per
haver atret o expulsat a tots els cossos del seu
voltant. Cossos com lantic planeta Plut坦, Ceres o
Eris estan dins daquesta categoria.
6. Estructura del Sistema Solar
Sistema Solar Intern Sistema Solar Extern
Planetes rocosos Planetes gegants gasosos
9. Les distncies entre els cossos celestes s坦n tan
grans que es necessiten noves unitats per tal de
mesurar-les:
- Unitat astron嘆mica (UA): distncia mitjana de la
Terra al Sol = 150 milions de quil嘆metres.
10. - Any llum: distncia que recorre la llum en 1 any.
Velocitat de la llum = 300.000 km/s
En un any recorre uns 9,5 bilions de km (9.460.000
milions de km).
13. - L'univers est format per 100.000 milions de
galxies. La nostra galxia es diu Via Lctia.
- Les galxies s'agrupen en c炭muls de galxies. La
Via Lctia es troba al Grup Local.
- Els c炭muls de galxies s'agrupen en superc炭muls. El
Grup Local es troba al Superc炭mul de Verge.
14. s gran, t辿 forma d'espiral i pot tenir uns 100.000 milions d'estels, entre ells,
el Sol.
El Sistema Solar 辿s en un dels bra巽os de l'espiral, a uns 30.000 anys llum
del centre i uns 20.000 de l'extrem.
En total fa uns 100.000 anys llum de dimetre i t辿 una massa de m辿s de dos
bilions de vegades la del Sol.
Cada 225 milions d'anys el Sistema Solar completa un gir al voltant del
centre de la galxia. Es despla巽a a uns 270 km. per segon.
La Via Lctia
16. Dibuix dun forat negre. Aquest cosDibuix dun forat negre. Aquest cos
no 辿s visible perqu竪 辿s tan dens ino 辿s visible perqu竪 辿s tan dens i
t辿 tanta gravetat que fins i tott辿 tanta gravetat que fins i tot
impedeix que la llum sescapi deimpedeix que la llum sescapi de
linterior.linterior.
Aquest 辿s el centre de laAquest 辿s el centre de la
nostra galxia, es troba anostra galxia, es troba a
uns 30000 anys llum deuns 30000 anys llum de
nosaltresnosaltres
Es creu que al centre deEs creu que al centre de
la Via Lctia hi ha unla Via Lctia hi ha un
poder坦s FORAT NEGRE!poder坦s FORAT NEGRE!
17. Eines per a estudiar
l'Univers
Telescopi de
Galileu
Telescopi de
Newton
Radiotelescopi
Telescopi
espacial
Hubble
Sonda espacialObservatori astron嘆mic d'ger
20. Model geoc竪ntric Model helioc竪ntric
Des dels antics grecs.
La Terra 辿s el centre de
l'Univers, i el Sol i els
planetes giren al voltant seu.
La Lluna 辿s un astre m辿s
que gira al voltant de la
Terra, juntament amb els
planetes.
Les estrelles estan fixes en
l'esfera exterior.
Les 嘆rbites s坦n circulars.
Proposat per Cop竪rnic el
1543. Demostrat per Galileu
Galilei el 1610 grcies a les
observacions per telescopi.
El Sol 辿s el centre de
l'Univers, i els planetes giren
al voltant seu.
La Lluna 辿s un sat竪l揃lit de la
Terra.
Les estrelles estan fixes en
l'esfera exterior.
Les 嘆rbites s坦n circulars.