Al qaza
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A Qazi is a religious judge in Islam who works under Sharia law. A Qazi may be appointed by an Imam, Caliph, Sultan, or governor if given the authority. According to Hidaya, a book of Islamic jurisprudence, a Qazi must be a Muslim, adult, free man who has basic knowledge of Islamic law and acts with impartiality and integrity. Additional qualifications include producing decisions in writing, maintaining equality, and having knowledge of principles of justice and rules of interpretation.
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Distinctive Aspects of Islam.
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Islamic Worships: Spiritual, Moral and Social Impact.
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Distinctions of Islamic Civilization (Tauheed, Spiritualism, Dignity of Man, Equality,
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Impact of Islamic Civilization on the West and Vice Versa
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When national sovereignty is discussed, the first definition applies, and it refers in particular to independence, understood as the freedom of a collective entity to act. When popular sovereignty is discussed, the second definition applies, and sovereignty is associated with power and legitimacy.1
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John Bodin defines sovereignty The supreme power over citizens and subjects, unrestrained by law.
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Also definition of Sovereignty by Soltau is Final legal coercive power by the state.Topic 4 - Al-Farabi
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. Introduction of Islam.
Concept of Islam.
Importance of Deen in Human Life.
Difference between Deen and Religion.
Distinctive Aspects of Islam.
Islamic Beliefs & its Impact on Individual & Society and the Fundamental of Islam
Islamic Worships: Spiritual, Moral and Social Impact.
II. Study of Seerah of Prophet Mohammad (PBAH) as Role Model for:- Individual
Diplomat
Educator
Military Strategist
Peace Maker
III. Human Rights & Status of Woman in Islam.
Human Rights and Status of Woman in Islam
Dignity of Men and Women
IV. Islamic Civilization and Culture:
Meanings and the Vital Elements
Role of Civilization in Development of Human Personality and Communities
Distinctions of Islamic Civilization (Tauheed, Spiritualism, Dignity of Man, Equality,
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V. Islam and World.
Impact of Islamic Civilization on the West and Vice Versa
The Role of Islam in the Modern World.
Muslim World and the Contemporary Challenges.
Rise of Extremism.
VI. Public Administration and Governance in Islam
Concept of Public Administration in Islam
Quranic Guidance on Good Governance
Concept of Governance and its Applications in the light of Quran, Sunnah and Fiqh.
Governance Structure in Islam i.e. (Shura, Legislation, Sources of Islamic Law)
Governance under Pious Khelifat
Particular letters of Hazrat Umar (R.A) and Hazrat Ali (R.A) to different Authority.
Responsibilities of Civil Servants
System of Accountability in Islam
VII. Islamic Code of Life.
Salient Features of Islamic Systems, Social System, Political System, Economic
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油
The document summarizes the powers of the President of Pakistan under the 1973 constitution. It outlines that the President must be a Muslim over 45 years old. They are elected by the national and provincial assemblies and must take an oath before the Chief Justice. The President cannot hold any other office or position while in office. Their 5-year term is renewable once. The President has powers related to pardoning criminals, promulgating ordinances, appointing the Prime Minister and cabinet, and dissolving the National Assembly. All bills must be signed into law by the President.Family Law In Pakistan
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This document provides an overview of family law in Pakistan. It lists the key enactments related to family law and discusses various processes for divorce under Islamic law as practiced in Pakistan. Talaq (divorce initiated by the husband) requires written notice to the local council. Judicial separation (khula) and dissolution (faskh) can be sought by the wife in family court. The document also discusses financial claims wives can make after divorce, child custody issues, and Pakistan's protocols with other countries like the UK on international child abduction cases.Islamic concept of state
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The document discusses features of Islam and the concept of an Islamic state. It notes that Muslims believe the Quran contains the word of God and has 114 suras. An Islamic state is defined as a government run by and for Muslims according to Sharia law, which is based on the Quran. It describes an Islamic state as being based on the unity of God and principles of equality, solidarity, and freedom. The document then provides details on the structure of government under the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal rule in India, noting the roles of different ministers and the emperor's divine authority.Montesquieu 7
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This document defines and explains the different types of qatl (homicide) under Pakistani law:
1. Qatl-e-Amd involves intentionally causing death or bodily injury that results in death. It is punishable by death (qisas) or imprisonment.
2. Qatl Shibh-i-Amd involves intentionally causing harm but death results from an act not likely to cause death. It is punishable by diyat (financial compensation) and imprisonment.
3. Qatl-i-Khata involves accidentally causing death without intent to harm through mistake of fact or act. It is punishable by diyat and possible imprisonment depending on the circumstances.
4Assignment 2
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油
The document summarizes the key features of Pakistan's 1973 constitution. It establishes Pakistan as an Islamic republic with Islam as the state religion. Some key points:
1. It introduced a parliamentary democracy with a prime minister as head of government and a ceremonial president as head of state.
2. It established a federal system with powers shared between the central and provincial governments.
3. It enshrined fundamental rights for citizens and established an independent judiciary.
4. The constitution has been amended 21 times to update various articles and provisions.Analysis of principle policy under constitution of pakistan
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油
1) The document analyzes the principle policies under the Constitution of Pakistan according to Dr. Sheikh Muhammad Adnan.
2) It discusses the principles of egalitarianism, justice, and anti-discrimination that are foundational to Islamic body politics and the Pakistani constitution.
3) Various steps and policies aimed at enabling Islamic way of life, securing citizen well-being, promoting social justice, and discouraging parochial divisions are outlined.Ijtihad
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油
Quran is not a book of laws but a book of
principles, it gives the spirit of laws not the laws
themselves. It is an assistant not a rival.
悋 悖惘愕悋 惘愕 悒悋 悖 愀悋惺 惡悒悵 悋
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Pakistan policy with unaaqash ali
油
Pakistan has been an active member of the UN since joining in 1947, participating in agencies and conferences. In 1993, Pakistan served a two-year term on the UN Security Council. Pakistani nationals also contribute skills within the UN itself. Pakistan receives assistance from UN development organizations in fields like agriculture. The UNDP allocated over $87 million to Pakistan from 1992-1996. Pakistan maintains permanent missions to the UN in New York and Geneva.Cold war
Cold waraaqash ali
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The Cold War had several far-reaching implications on international affairs. It increased world tension through an arms race and military alliances between capitalist and communist countries. It also rendered the UN ineffective as the two superpowers opposed each other's actions during crises like the Korean War and Cuban Missile Crisis. The Cold War led to the formation of a non-aligned Third World as countries wanted to stay neutral. It created a barrier to world progress by diverting resources to arms production instead of improving living standards. It divided the world and disrupted global peace.league of nation
league of nationaaqash ali
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The League of Nations was formed in January 1920 after World War 1 to promote international cooperation and preserve peace. It held its first meeting in a Swiss hotel in 1919 with diplomats from over 32 countries. The idea of an international organization to avoid war had been proposed as early as 1905, but it was not until after the massive destruction of WW1 that world leaders seriously considered establishing such a body. The League's headquarters was located in Geneva, Switzerland.UNITED NATION ORGANIZATION
UNITED NATION ORGANIZATIONaaqash ali
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The United Nations was established in 1945 with the goal of maintaining international peace and security. It has six main organs: the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, International Court of Justice, Trusteeship Council. Some of the UN's key achievements include helping withdraw British forces from Syria and Lebanon in 1946, managing the war between Pakistan and India in 1948 over Kashmir, and playing an important role in the withdrawal of Soviet forces from Afghanistan. The UN also works on disarmament, economic and social development projects, aid to children, and relief to refugees around the world.Whats going on in burma
Whats going on in burmaaaqash ali
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According to the UN, over 270,000 Rohingya Muslims have fled from Burma to Bangladesh since August 25th due to violence. The Rohingya are a Muslim minority that lives in Buddhist-majority Burma, facing severe discrimination. After Rohingya militants attacked police posts, the military responded with "clearance operations" that killed Rohingya civilians. Villages have been burned and civilians shot, with over 73,000 refugees arriving in Bangladesh with injuries from bombings and attacks. Despite international criticism, Burma's leader Suu Kyi has dismissed claims of persecution.PARIS
PARISaaqash ali
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Paris is known as the "City of Light" and "City of Love" due to its culture, art, beauty, and history that captivates millions each year. Originally called "Lutetia," Paris was renamed in 360 AD and takes its name from the Gallic Parisii tribe. While iconic landmarks like the Eiffel Tower and Notre Dame Cathedral are permanent fixtures today, the Eiffel Tower was originally intended to only stand temporarily for 20 years as part of an exhibition. The Seine River flowing through Paris offers many ways to enjoy the city from the water.FACEBOOK
FACEBOOKaaqash ali
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Facebook can be used in several ways:
- As a social networking site to connect with friends and family and share photos and updates
- To create public pages and groups around specific topics of interest
- As a marketplace to buy and sell items and as a tool to organize events and see who is attending
- To build a professional online profile and network with business contacts
- To easily share photos with large networks of people
- As a free video messaging tool to have group video calls with up to 50 participants
- To create online communities through Facebook groups as an alternative to forums or bulletin boards
- To spread ideas and engage in discussions, though there are risks of spreading misinformationTypes of people
Types of peopleaaqash ali
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This document discusses different types of people based on their behaviors and personalities. It describes silent people as those who do not talk much, observe others, and keep their true feelings hidden except around those they love or trust. Unconfident people feel fear in facing others and think others may laugh at or talk about them. Talkative people enjoy conversing at length, are bold and make friends easily. Sensitive people feel things strongly and can be easily hurt. Adventurous people enjoy life, seek thrills through risk-taking, travel, and living in the present moment.GOOGLE
GOOGLEaaqash ali
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Google is the most widely used search engine, handling about 70% of all online search requests. It was founded in 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin and has since expanded into other products and services. Google's main campus is located in Mountain View, California and it is ranked as the most visited website in the United States, receiving 246 million unique visitors monthly. Some key facts about Google include that it has the largest index of websites, its search technology is called PageRank, and it derives its name from the mathematical term "googol," representing the infinite amount of information it aims to organize.Public schools
Public schoolsaaqash ali
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Public schools have both advantages and disadvantages. The key advantages are that they are less expensive than private schools, promote diversity among students, and are required to provide certain support services. However, public schools also have large class sizes, face funding disparities between rich and poor districts, and subject students to frequent standardized testing. While some think private schools lead to better academic performance, research shows public and private school student achievement is largely comparable.All india muslim league
All india muslim leagueaaqash ali
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The All India Muslim League was formed in 1906 to represent the political interests and rights of Indian Muslims. It aimed to protect Muslim political rights, promote loyalty to the British government among Muslims, and dispel misunderstandings about Muslims. Some key achievements included gaining separate electorates for Muslims in the 1909 Indian Councils Act, establishing Aligarh Muslim University in 1920, and signing the Lucknow Pact in 1916 where Hindus accepted the Muslim League as the sole representative of Indian Muslims.ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE
ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUEaaqash ali
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The All India Muslim League was formed in 1906 in response to several issues:
1) The Urdu-Hindi conflict of 1867 highlighted the need to protect Muslim interests like the Urdu language.
2) Hindu sectarian parties from the 18th century propagated that India was only for Hindus, threatening Muslims.
3) The Arya Samaj organization's calls in 1883 to stop Muslims from sacrificing cows put religious unity at risk for Muslims.
4) The Indian National Congress claimed in 1885 to represent all Indian groups, downplaying Muslim concerns.
5) The success of the Simla delegation of Muslims in 1905 that secured rights from the Viceroy boosted political awareness and confidence inBRITISH RULE
BRITISH RULEaaqash ali
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The British came to India initially for trade but later sought to control the subcontinent for its raw materials and markets. They took advantage of the divisions between Indian states and defeated them in key battles like Plassey in 1757, gaining control over Bengal. The British East India Company established dominance over trade and gradually expanded Britain's territorial control. This transformed India into a consumer of British manufactured goods and hurt Indian artisans. The British introduced policies to consolidate their rule, such as establishing an English education system to train Indians to work in the administration and legal system. Over time, British rule drove many social, cultural, economic and political changes across India.salient features of usa constitution
salient features of usa constitutionaaqash ali
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The American Constitution was enacted in 1789 at the Philadelphia convention, consisting of just 7,000 words across 7 articles and now includes 26 amendments. Key features include being written, brief, rigid, establishing federalism and separation of powers, along with checks and balances between the three branches of government. It also outlines a presidential system, bicameral legislature, and protection of fundamental rights.CENTRIPETAL FORCE IN GEOGRAPHY
CENTRIPETAL FORCE IN GEOGRAPHYaaqash ali
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This document discusses centripetal and centrifugal forces in relation to state integration and unity. It defines centripetal forces as those that unite a country from within, such as nationalism, a shared culture, religion, language, or history. Centripetal forces keep a country together by giving its population a sense of common identity and pride. Examples of strong centripetal forces mentioned include a popular national hero, common threats from outside, and shared symbols of national identity like flags and anthems. Culture and religion in particular are described as powerful centripetal forces that can unite people.comprehension
comprehensionaaqash ali
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This document discusses comprehension, which is the ability to understand written text. It provides information on comprehension exercises, strategies for improving comprehension like connecting to prior knowledge and asking questions, different types of comprehension strategies, assessing comprehension, the importance of teaching comprehension, and causes of difficulties with comprehension. Key points include that comprehension involves understanding both explicit details and implied meanings, it is important for developing 21st century literacy skills, and teachers can help students improve comprehension through instruction.ORGANS OF INDIAN GOVERNMENT
ORGANS OF INDIAN GOVERNMENTaaqash ali
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There are three branches of government in India: the legislature, executive, and judiciary. The central legislature is called Parliament, which has two houses - Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The legislature is responsible for making laws, controlling the budget, amending the constitution, and some electoral and judicial functions. The executive implements laws and policies adopted by the legislature and handles day-to-day administration. The judiciary settles disputes between individuals and private parties, and also interprets the constitution and protects citizens' rights.WORLD WAR 2
WORLD WAR 2aaqash ali
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This document discusses World War 2 from 1939 to 1945. It provides background on how the war started, noting that Germany invaded Poland unprovoked in 1939, leading Britain and France to declare war on Germany. The document also states that over 60 countries and 1.7 billion people, or three quarters of the world's population, were eventually involved in World War 2.principles of design
principles of designaaqash ali
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There are three types of balance in design: formal, informal, and radical. Formal balance involves symmetrical arrangement around an axis so that sides match. Informal balance is asymmetrical, with sides not matching exactly. Radical balance involves parts radiating from the center in all directions.functions of political parties
functions of political partiesaaqash ali
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Political parties consist of groups of like-minded people who work together to influence the public and contest elections to gain control of the government. They help formulate public policies, are important for democracy, and help shape public opinion while also providing political stability and leadership. Major parties organize representatives and form the government if they get a majority of votes, while smaller parties constitute the opposition to keep the ruling party accountable. Parties educate the public, clarify their positions, and try to come closer to voters through rallies and meetings. They also help unify and stabilize the political process by addressing regional interests and maintaining stability through their roles in the legislature.Recently uploaded (20)
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Principle and Practices of Animal Breeding Full Note
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Computer Application in Business (commerce)
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The main objectives
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3. To provide insight about networking and basics of internet
Recall various terms of computer and its part
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Explain about networking and elements based on internet
1. Recall the various concepts relating to computer and its various parts
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3 Understanding the meaning and utility of database management system
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Essentials of a Good PMO, presented by Aalok Sonawala
Essentials of a Good PMO, presented by Aalok SonawalaAssociation for Project Management
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APM event hosted by the South Wales and West of England Network (SWWE Network)
Speaker: Aalok Sonawala
The SWWE Regional Network were very pleased to welcome Aalok Sonawala, Head of PMO, National Programmes, Rider Levett Bucknall on 26 February, to BAWA for our first face to face event of 2025. Aalok is a member of APMs Thames Valley Regional Network and also speaks to members of APMs PMO Interest Network, which aims to facilitate collaboration and learning, offer unbiased advice and guidance.
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For further information about the event please click here.QuickBooks Desktop to QuickBooks Online How to Make the Move
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If you use QuickBooks Desktop and are stressing about moving to QuickBooks Online, in this webinar, get your questions answered and learn tips and tricks to make the process easier for you.
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This PowerPoint presentation provides an insightful overview of the Constitution, covering its key principles, features, and significance. It explains the fundamental rights, duties, structure of government, and the importance of constitutional law in governance. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in understanding the foundation of a nations legal framework.
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This presentation delves into the systemic blind spots within pharmaceutical science and regulatory systems, emphasizing the significance of "inactive ingredients" and their influence on therapeutic equivalence. These blind spots, indicative of normalized systemic failures, go beyond mere chance occurrences and are ingrained deeply enough to compromise decision-making processes and erode trust.
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Al qaza
- 2. DEFINITION The word Qadi or Qazi (Judge) is derived from the word Qada and he is bound ot interpret the law in all sincerity and also follow it meticulously. Qazi is a religious judge working under the guidance of the Shariah.
- 3. APPOINTMENT OF QAZI A Qazi may be appoint by Imam, Caliph, Sultan or the Governor, if he has been vested his power. A non- Muslim rules or governor may also appoint him as Qazi
- 4. QUALIFICATION According to the author of hidaya, qazi must possess qualifications necessary to a wit. He must be a Muslim. He must spend a blameless life. He must be adult free man and not a slave. He must have roughly learnt the law. He must act gracefully. He must produce his decision of the case in writing. He must not exercise any way of corruption. He must be impartial
- 5. CONTINUE. He must not allow the parties to come to see at his residence. He must not be consulted in the court of law. He must not give his decision in ambiguous form. He must not be a short-tempered. He must not differentiate between different sectors. He must have capability to maintain the equality. He must believe in Lord and have firm faith. He must know norms of Justice. He must have the knowledge of rules of interpretation. He must have power of decision.