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Hyperorders and Transclusion: understanding dimensional hypertext
- 1. Hyperorders?and? Transclusion: understanding?dimensional?hypertext James?Goulding Tim?Brailsford Helen?Ashman
- 2. The?next?20©\ish?minutes:? hyperorders?and?transclusion ? ....will?wind?it¡¯s?merry?way?through: ¨C ?Why?hyperstructures?are?important ¨C ?hyperstructures?are?not?just?RDF ¨C ?Introducing?Hyperorders ¨C ?Transclusion?and?its?problems ¨C ?Where?we?could?go?next...
- 3. On?the?shoulders?of... hyperorders?and?transclusion ted?nelson Doug?Englebart ted?codd ©\?hypertext ©\?augmenting? ©\?predicate?logic ??transclusion human?intellect ??relational?model ??zigzag ??collaboration ??...hyperstructure? ??networks
- 4. Computer?Science hyperorders?and?transclusion Edsger?Dijkstra ??dijkstra¡¯s?algorithm astronomy ©\?¡°Go?To?statement?? considered?harmful¡± ©\?clarity?of?thought telescope?science 4
- 5. Computer?Science?is?about... hyperorders?and?transclusion INFORMATION structure integrity manipula<on 5
- 6. Hyperstructures hyperorders?and?transclusion ? hyperstructures?©\?hypertexts?where?the?item?of? concern?is?not?a?document?but?a?datum?©\?seem,? therefore,?crucial?to?computer?science. ¨C ?inter?connectivity ¨C ?querying ¨C ?navigation? ¨C ?discoverability ¨C ?Blexibility
- 7. Ternary?Hyperstructures? hyperorders?and?transclusion ? <subject,?predicate,?object> HM ternary = ¡´ S, P, O, E ¡µ? where?E???S?¡Á?P?¡Á?O ¨C S?is?the?set?of?possible?subject?vertices ¨C P?is?the?set?of?possible?predicates?(link?types) ¨C O?is?the?set?of?all?possible?object?vertices? ¨C E?is?a?ternary?relation?acting?across?them
- 8. Ternary?Hyperstructures? hyperorders?and?transclusion ? <subject,?predicate,?object> HM ternary = ¡´ V, P, E ¡µ? where?E???V?¡Á?P?¡Á?V ¨C V?is?the?set?of?possible?vertices ¨C P?is?the?set?of?possible?predicates?(link?types) ¨C E?is?a?ternary?relation?acting?across?them
- 9. Ternary?Hyperstructures? hyperorders?and?transclusion ? <subject,?predicate,?object> ¨C ? But?is?this?the?only?way?of?deEining?and?creating ?hyperstructures? ? No,?there?are?many?other?options,? of?which?ZigZag?is?just?one....
- 10. ZigZag?and?ZZstructure hyperorders?and?transclusion ? Zzstructure?is?a?hyperstructure?where... ? data?is?contained?in?interconnected?cells. ? cells?are?arranged?into?parallel?lists?in?a?given?dimension. ? a?cell?can?only?have?a?maximum?of?one?forward?connection?and? one?backward?connection?in?each?dimension. ? there?may?be?any?number?of?dimensions. d.lastname James Goulding d.people Tim Brailsford Helen Ashman 10
- 11. ZigZag?and?ZZstructure hyperorders?and?transclusion ? ZigZag ? zzstructure?overlaid?with?extra?functionality ? most?importantly?transclusion?(cloning) Hyperstructures Coactive Intelligence d.author Goulding Goulding d.clone 11
- 12. De?ning?ZigZag?formally: hyperorders?and?transclusion ? ZigZag?is?actually?quite?hard?to?categorize: ¨C It?has?no?notion?of?a?Eirst?order?link?(Nelson¡¯s? prescription?that?one?of?ZigZag¡¯s?fundamental? rules?is?that?¡°there?are?no?link?types¡±). ¨C Instead?ZigZag?has?sets?of?adjacencies,?describing? how?nodes?are?ordered.?An?individual?set?is?a? dimension. ¨C ?It?is?a?binary,?not?ternary,?structure.
- 13. Binary?Hyperstructures hyperorders?and?transclusion <subject (negward cell), object (posward cell)> A?simple?binary?hyperstructure?may?be?described?as?a? Dimensional?Hyperstructures: standard?bipartite?graph:? HM dimensional S, ¡´ S,E ¡µ { D1, D2, ..., Dn } ¡µ binary = ¡´ = O, O, where Di? S ¡ÁOO. E ?S¡Á But?zzstructure?is?not?just?a?binary?relational?model?©\? its?associations?are?allocated?into?subsets?with? common?semantics.? 13
- 14. Hyperorders hyperorders?and?transclusion If?we?only?have?one?set?of?nodes: HMhyperorder = ¡´ C, { D1, D2, ..., Dn } ¡µ where Di ? C2. 14
- 15. 2.?Transclusion hyperorders?and?transclusion ¨C Transclusion?has?always?been?a?key?component?in? Nelson¡¯s?vision?of?hypertext.? ¨C The?term?was?originally?used?to?denote?the?inclusion,? by?referential?addressing,?of?part?of?one?document? within?another. ¨C Its?usage?has?now?expanded?to?encompass?the? presentation?of?data?in?a?context?other?than?the?one? originally?intended. ¨C Can?be?used?in?ZigZag?to?solve?the?problem?of?not? being?allowed?1©\many?links. 15
- 16. An?example?enJty...? hyperorders?and?transclusion A?Structure?for?DNA type author year author Paper Francis?Crick journal 1953 James?Watson Nature 16
- 17. Dealing?with?1©\many?in?ZigZag hyperorders?and?transclusion d.type A Structure for DNA Paper d.journal Nature d.year 1953 d.author1 James Watson d.author2 Francis Crick 17
- 18. Dealing?with?1©\many?in?ZigZag hyperorders?and?transclusion d.type A Structure for DNA Paper d.journal Nature d.year 1953 d.author d.author1 James Watson d.author d.author2 Francis Crick 18
- 19. Dealing?with?1©\many?in?ZigZag hyperorders?and?transclusion d.type A Structure for DNA Paper d.journal Nature d.year 1953 d.author James Watson d.group Francis Crick 19
- 20. Dealing?with?1©\many?in?ZigZag hyperorders?and?transclusion d.type A Structure for DNA Paper d.journal Nature d.clone d.year 1953 d.author James Watson d.clone d.author Francis Crick 20
- 21. IdenJty?Transclusion hyperorders?and?transclusion ? This?last?approach?is?interesting?©\?zzstructure?is? relegated?to?a?structural,?not?a?logical?level. ? The?¡°paper?entity¡±?is?now?not?represented?by?a? single?cell,?but?three?that?must?be?reconstructed? together. ? However,?there?is?only?one?paper?©\?all?of?the? transcluded?cells?share?exactly?the?same? numerical?identity. ? We?hence?refer?to?this?use?of?node?and?content? reuse?as?Identity?Transclusion. 21
- 22. All?connec<ons?are?shared hyperorders?and?transclusion d.type A Structure for DNA Paper d.journal Nature d.clone d.year 1953 d.author James Watson d.clone d.author Francis Crick 22
- 24. Instance?Transclusion hyperorders?and?transclusion d.creator James Bond Fleming d.clone d.actor James Bond Connery d.period 1960¡¯s d.no ?lms 6 d.clone d.actor James Bond Moore d.period 1970¡¯s d.no ?lms 7 24
- 25. Instance?Transclusion hyperorders?and?transclusion ? This?time?the?transcluded?cells?represent? different?instances?of?¡°Bond¡±. ? They?don¡¯t?share?a?complete?identity. ? instance?transclusion?does?not?share?all?its? relations?across?all?of?its?contexts,?whereas?an? identity?transclusion?does,?because?for?the? latter?only?one?entity?is?being?modeled. 25
- 26. Disaster?Strikes... hyperorders?and?transclusion Swan ...in?swan? d.clone d.colour Swan White d.clone d.colour form Swan Black d.clone d.colour Swan Black d.clone d.colour Swan White ? This?just?won¡¯t?work?because?I?am?trying?to?use?instance? and?identity?transclusion?at?the?same?time. 26
- 27. other?transclusion?collisions hyperorders?and?transclusion d.clone d.clone Head of State Head of State Head of State d.country d.title d.country d.title Britain Monarch USA President d.clone d.name King George V d.coronated 1936 d.clone d.name Queen Elizabeth II d.coronated 1952 27
- 28. Collision?in?other?Hyperstructures hyperorders?and?transclusion ? But?this?is?not?just?a?problem?for?zigzag.?It¡¯s?a? problem?for?other?hyperstructures?too... RelaJonal Databases ted?codd ©\?predicate?logic ??relational?model ??...hyperstructure? ...but?does?RM?actually?de?ne?a? hyperstructure?of?links?and?content? 28
- 29. RelaJonal?Hyperstructure? hyperorders?and?transclusion ? a?record?is?a?link?across?its?items. ? foreign?keys?are?links?across? records. ? rela<onal?algebra?creates?dynamic? and?computed?links. ? ON?UPDATE?CASCADE?creates? transclusion?links. ? ¡°Rela<onal?hyperstructures¡±?can? cope?with?the?head?of?state? N©\ary? example,?but?not?the?swans,? Hyperstructures without?using?an?ar9?cial?key. 29
- 30. james.goulding@noSngham.ac.uk hyperorders?and?transclusion Thank?You 30