![§¬§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú 33
§ª§©§£. §£§µ§©§°§£. §±§²§ª§¢§°§²§°§³§´§²§°§¦§¯§ª§¦. 2011. §´. 54, ¡í 3
§Ü§à§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ä §ã §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ö§Û §á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ý§Ú§ß§Ù§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ü §å§ç§å§Õ§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §à§á§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó,
§á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §Ó §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ñ§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§é§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§Ö§ã§Ü§à§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ä§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö
§ß§Ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §´§Ñ§Ü, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ó §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§å §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§å §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à
§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§î §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§í §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ, §é§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ö§ß§à §Ú§Ù-§Ù§Ñ §ß§Ö-
§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à§Û §â§Ö§Ù§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ñ §ä§Ö§ß§Ö§Û §Ú §ê§å§Þ§à§Ó. §±§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §à§Õ§ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ-
§Õ§Ñ§é §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ.
§°§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ñ §è§Ú§æ§â§à§Ó§í§ç §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú. §£ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ç
[1, 2] §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§í §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§í §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó
§ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§í §Ú§ç §á§â§Ö§Ú§Þ§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú. §ª§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§ã-
§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Ö §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú (§â§Ú§ã. 1).
§²§Ú§ã. 1
§£§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §æ§Ñ§Ù§Ù§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ ¡ª §á§â§Ö§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü §ß§Ö-
§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Þ§å §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å. §¥§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ö §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§î §á§â§Ú§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Ô§à §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ (§Ú§ß§í§Þ§Ú
§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §á§Ú§Ü§ã§Ö§Ý§à§Ó §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ) §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §ã §Ò§Ñ§Ù§à§Û §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý. §ª, §ß§Ñ-
§Ü§à§ß§Ö§è, §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Õ§Ö§æ§Ñ§Ù§Ù§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ ¡ª §á§â§Ö§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Û §á§â§Ú-
§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §é§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú§Ö (§â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö) §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ñ§â§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú.
§°§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú. §£ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö [3]
§à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§â§í §Ú§ã-
§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ò§Ñ§Ù§å §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý, §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§å§ð §Ú§Ù 8 §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó, §à§Ò§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ §â§Ú§ã. 2 §Ü§Ñ§Ü
¡í 1¡ª8. §£§ç§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§Ú §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú§Ù §Õ§Ó§å§ç §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú§ç
§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û: ?§é§Ö§â§ß§à§Ö¡° §Ú§Ý§Ú ?§Ò§Ö§Ý§à§Ö¡°. §£§í§ç§à§Õ§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú§Ù §Õ§Ó§å§ç
§ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û: ?§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§Ñ¡° §Ú§Ý§Ú ?§ß§Ö §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§Ñ¡°.
(x, y)
¡í 1 ¡í 3 ¡í 5 ¡í 7
¡í 2 ¡í 4 ¡í 6 ¡í 8
§²§Ú§ã. 2
§¡§Ó§ä§à§â§í §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Û §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î§Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§í§Û §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ §ã §ä§Ö§Þ§Ú §Ø§Ö 8 §á§â§Ñ-
§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §à§ä §Ò§Ö§ã§Ü§à§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ä§ß§à§Û §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í,
§ã §è§Ö§Ý§î§ð §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ö§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §£§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§í§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§à§ã§î§Þ§Ú §Ó§ç§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §Ú §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ó§í§ç§à§Õ§ß§à§Û](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/5596-140709050002-phpapp02/85/-2-320.jpg)
![§¬§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú 35
§ª§©§£. §£§µ§©§°§£. §±§²§ª§¢§°§²§°§³§´§²§°§¦§¯§ª§¦. 2011. §´. 54, ¡í 3
§¬§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú. §¬§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä-
§Ó§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§ä §à§ä §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ù §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Õ§Ý§ñ §é§Ö§â§ß§à-§Ò§Ö§Ý§à§Ô§à §á§à-
§Ý§å§ä§à§ß§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ [4]:
¡ª §â§Ö§Ù§Ü§à§ã§ä§î §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§å §á§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó §á§Ú§Ü§ã§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ç;
¡ª §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Þ§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú-
§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ñ§â§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ;
¡ª §ê§å§Þ §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ö §Ñ§â§Ú§æ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ò§â§à§ã§Ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û
§ñ§â§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú;
¡ª §Ó§Ú§ß§î§Ö§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§Ñ§ã§ä §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ú
§á§Ö§â§Ú§æ§Ö§â§Ú§Û§ß§à§Û §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §è§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú;
¡ª §Ü§â§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ §á§à§Ý§ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û
§â§Ö§Ù§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §æ§â§Ñ§Ô§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ú§Ù §á§Ö§â§Ú§æ§Ö§â§Ú§Û§ß§à§Û §Ú §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§Û.
§²§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§í §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ
§Ú §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü §á§à §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§Ú-
§Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ê§Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ö (0 ¡ª §ß§Ñ§Ú§ç§å§Õ§ê§Ú§Û §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î, 10 ¡ª §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§Û) §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§í §Ó §ä§Ñ§Ò§Ý. 1.
§´§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ú§è§Ñ 1
§ª§ã§ç§à§Õ§ß§à§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §²§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú
§Ñ§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§ß§à§Ö
§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö
§à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ
(0¡ª10)
§Ñ§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§ß§à§Ö
§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö
§à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ
(0¡ª10)
§²§Ö§Ù§Ü§à§ã§ä§î 13 7 12 9
§¬§à§ß§ä§â§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î 224 6 235 9
§º§å§Þ 2,22 6 2,07 7
§£§Ú§ß§î§Ö§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö 142 3 131 5
§¬§â§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ §á§à§Ý§ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ 0,5 5 0,5 5
§¬§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (0¡ª5) 2,67 4,23
§°§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§í §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Ó§ç§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã-
§ä§Ö§Þ§í §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú §Ö§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §±§â§Ú §ï§ä§à§Þ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ
§à§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ §Ú§Ù §ä§â§Ö§ç §ä§Ö§â§Þ§à§Ó: §± ¡ª ?§á§Ý§à§ç§à¡°, §µ ¡ª ?§å§Õ§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à¡°, §· ¡ª ?§ç§à§â§à§ê§à¡°. §£§í§ç§à§Õ§ß§Ñ§ñ
§á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ ?§Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ¡° §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ §Ú§Ù §ä§â§Ö§ç §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ä§Ö§â§Þ§à§Ó. §£
§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ý. 2 §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§í §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ö§Û §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Ó§ç§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ó§í-
§ç§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú.
§´§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ú§è§Ñ 2
¡í §²§Ö§Ù§Ü§à§ã§ä§î §¬§à§ß§ä§â§Ñ§ã§ä §º§å§Þ §£§Ú§ß§î§Ö§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §³§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö
§æ§à§Ü§å§ã§Ñ
§¬§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à
§Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ
1 §· §· §· §· §· §·
2 §± §± §± §± §± §±
3 §µ §µ §µ §µ §µ §µ
4 §± §· §· §· §± §µ
§¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ó §á§Ñ§Ü§Ö§ä§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ MatLab §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö §Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§è§í
§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ [5]:
ruleList = [...
x1 x2 ¡ xn y1 y2 ¡ yn W O ];
§á§â§Ú §ï§ä§à§Þ x1 x2 ¡ xn ¡ª §Ú§ß§Õ§Ö§Ü§ã§í §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Û §á§â§Ú§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ó§ç§à§Õ§ß§í§ç
§á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç, y1 y2 ¡ yn ¡ª §Ú§ß§Õ§Ö§Ü§ã§í §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Û §á§â§Ú§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç
§Ó§í§ç§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç, W ¡ª §Ó§Ö§ã §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ, O ¡ª §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§à§â ?§ª¡° §Ú§Ý§Ú ?§ª§§ª¡°. §´§Ñ§Ü,
§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ, §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó §ä§Ñ§Ò§Ý. 2, §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ:
ruleList = [...
3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1
1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 ].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/5596-140709050002-phpapp02/85/-4-320.jpg)
![Perkembagan web server di linux [tugas 2 ; SO II]](https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/ss_thumbnails/h5mnrgvr2glw3rluu7fp-signature-8039d377e7066560abc6855b5c58e03de29a1d0e8edaebda442617f088ba596b-poli-140715201326-phpapp02-thumbnail.jpg?width=560&fit=bounds)
More Related Content
Viewers also liked (20)
Similar to §¬§°§§ª§¹§¦§³§´§£§¦§¯§¯§¡§Á §°§¸§¦§¯§¬§¡ §¬§¡§¹§¦§³§´§£§¡ §ª§©§°§¢§²§¡§¨§¦§¯§ª§« §³ §ª§³§±§°§§¾§©§°§£§¡§¯§ª§¦§® §®§¦§´§°§¥§°§£ §¯§¦§¹§¦§´§¬§°§« §§°§¤§ª§¬§ª (18)
More from ITMO University (20)
§¬§°§§ª§¹§¦§³§´§£§¦§¯§¯§¡§Á §°§¸§¦§¯§¬§¡ §¬§¡§¹§¦§³§´§£§¡ §ª§©§°§¢§²§¡§¨§¦§¯§ª§« §³ §ª§³§±§°§§¾§©§°§£§¡§¯§ª§¦§® §®§¦§´§°§¥§°§£ §¯§¦§¹§¦§´§¬§°§« §§°§¤§ª§¬§ª
- 1. 32 §ª§©§£. §£§µ§©§°§£. §±§²§ª§¢§°§²§°§³§´§²§°§¦§¯§ª§¦. 2011. §´. 54, ¡í 3 §µ§¥§¬ 621.3.088.7 §¤. §¡. §±§°§§¾§´§¦, §¡. §±. §³§¡§¦§¯§¬§° §¬§°§§ª§¹§¦§³§´§£§¦§¯§¯§¡§Á §°§¸§¦§¯§¬§¡ §¬§¡§¹§¦§³§´§£§¡ §ª§©§°§¢§²§¡§¨§¦§¯§ª§« §³ §ª§³§±§°§§¾§©§°§£§¡§¯§ª§¦§® §®§¦§´§°§¥§°§£ §¯§¦§¹§¦§´§¬§°§« §§°§¤§ª§¬§ª §²§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §á§å§ä§Ú §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Ó §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §Ú§Ù§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§Ñ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§â§Ñ- §ß§Ú§è §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ. §¬§Ý§ð§é§Ö§Ó§í§Ö §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ: §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ñ, §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §£§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö. §±§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§Þ§í§Ö §Ó §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§í §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó §Õ§Ö§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Û §á§â§Ú§Ò§à§â§à§Ó §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§î §ß§Ñ §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ä§ß§í§Ö §Ú §Ò§Ö§ã§Ü§à§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ä§ß§í§Ö ¡ª §á§à §ä§Ú§á§å §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §ã §Ú§ã- §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§Ö§Þ§í§Þ §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Þ. §±§â§Ú §Ú§Ù§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §à§á§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§à§Ó §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ý§ð§Ò§à§Û
- 2. §¬§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú 33 §ª§©§£. §£§µ§©§°§£. §±§²§ª§¢§°§²§°§³§´§²§°§¦§¯§ª§¦. 2011. §´. 54, ¡í 3 §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ä §ã §â§Ñ§Ò§à§é§Ö§Û §á§à§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §Ý§Ú§ß§Ù§í §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §Ü §å§ç§å§Õ§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §à§á§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§Ó§à§Û§ã§ä§Ó, §á§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §Ó §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §ã§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ñ§ç §á§â§Ö§Õ§á§à§é§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§Ö§ã§Ü§à§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ä§ß§í§Ö §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §ß§Ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §´§Ñ§Ü, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ó §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§Ö §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§å §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§å §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§ä§î §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§í §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§ñ§Ö§Þ§à§Ô§à §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ, §é§ä§à §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§å§Õ§ß§Ö§ß§à §Ú§Ù-§Ù§Ñ §ß§Ö- §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§ä§à§é§ß§à§Û §â§Ö§Ù§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§é§Ú§ñ §ä§Ö§ß§Ö§Û §Ú §ê§å§Þ§à§Ó. §±§à§ï§ä§à§Þ§å §à§Õ§ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§ç §Ù§Ñ- §Õ§Ñ§é §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ. §°§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ñ §è§Ú§æ§â§à§Ó§í§ç §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú. §£ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§ç [1, 2] §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§à§ä§â§Ö§ß§í §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§í §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§í §Ú§ç §á§â§Ö§Ú§Þ§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú. §ª§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§ã- §ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Ö §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú (§â§Ú§ã. 1). §²§Ú§ã. 1 §£§ß§Ñ§é§Ñ§Ý§Ö §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §æ§Ñ§Ù§Ù§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ ¡ª §á§â§Ö§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü §ß§Ö- §é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Þ§å §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å. §¥§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ö §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§î §á§â§Ú§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Ô§à §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ (§Ú§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §á§Ú§Ü§ã§Ö§Ý§à§Ó §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ) §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §ã §Ò§Ñ§Ù§à§Û §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý. §ª, §ß§Ñ- §Ü§à§ß§Ö§è, §á§â§à§Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§Ú§ä §Õ§Ö§æ§Ñ§Ù§Ù§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ ¡ª §á§â§Ö§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Û §á§â§Ú- §ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §é§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú§Ö (§â§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö) §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ñ§â§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú. §°§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú. §£ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö [3] §à§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è §à§Ò§ì§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §ã §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î§ð §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§â§í §Ú§ã- §á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §Ò§Ñ§Ù§å §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý, §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§å§ð §Ú§Ù 8 §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó, §à§Ò§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ §â§Ú§ã. 2 §Ü§Ñ§Ü ¡í 1¡ª8. §£§ç§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§Ú §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú§Ù §Õ§Ó§å§ç §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û: ?§é§Ö§â§ß§à§Ö¡° §Ú§Ý§Ú ?§Ò§Ö§Ý§à§Ö¡°. §£§í§ç§à§Õ§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §á§â§Ú§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î §à§Õ§ß§à §Ú§Ù §Õ§Ó§å§ç §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú§ç §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û: ?§Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§Ñ¡° §Ú§Ý§Ú ?§ß§Ö §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§Ñ¡°. (x, y) ¡í 1 ¡í 3 ¡í 5 ¡í 7 ¡í 2 ¡í 4 ¡í 6 ¡í 8 §²§Ú§ã. 2 §¡§Ó§ä§à§â§í §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Û §ã§ä§Ñ§ä§î§Ú §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §á§à§Õ§à§Ò§ß§í§Û §á§à§Õ§ç§à§Õ §ã §ä§Ö§Þ§Ú §Ø§Ö 8 §á§â§Ñ- §Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §à§ä §Ò§Ö§ã§Ü§à§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ä§ß§à§Û §Ú§Ù§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í, §ã §è§Ö§Ý§î§ð §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ö§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §£§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§í§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§à§ã§î§Þ§Ú §Ó§ç§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §Ú §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ó§í§ç§à§Õ§ß§à§Û
- 3. 34 §¤. §¡. §±§à§Ý§î§ä§Ö, §¡. §±. §³§Ñ§Ö§ß§Ü§à §ª§©§£. §£§µ§©§°§£. §±§²§ª§¢§°§²§°§³§´§²§°§¦§¯§ª§¦. 2011. §´. 54, ¡í 3 §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§à§á§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Þ§å §Þ§ß§à§Ø§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§å, §ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Þ§å §Ú§Ù §Õ§Ó§å§ç §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó ¡ª ?§é§Ö§â§ß§à- §Ô§à¡° §Ú ?§Ò§Ö§Ý§à§Ô§à¡° ¡ª §ã Z- §Ú S-§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§ß§í§Þ§Ú §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §á§â§Ú§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à (§â§Ú§ã. 3, §Ù§Õ§Ö§ã§î I ¡ª §å§â§à§Ó§Ö§ß§î §ñ§â§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú, D ¡ª §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ö§ß§î §á§â§Ú§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø- §ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §è§Ó§Ö§ä§å: 1 ¡ª §é§Ö§â§ß§à§Þ§å, 2 ¡ª §Ò§Ö§Ý§à§Þ§å). §¥§Ñ§Ý§Ö§Ö §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§à§Û §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú- §â§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í§Û §á§Ú§Ü§ã§Ö§Ý §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §é§Ö§Ô§à §Ö§Þ§å §á§â§Ú§ã§Ó§Ñ§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§à§Ó§à§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ñ§â§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§Þ§à- §ã§ä§Ú §à§ä §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ñ§â§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ó§à§ã§î§Þ§Ú §ã§à§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§ç §á§Ú§Ü§ã§Ö§Ý§à§Ó. §²§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Û §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß §ß§Ñ §â§Ú§ã. 4 (§Ñ, §Ó, §Õ ¡ª §Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§ß§à§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö; §Ò, §Ô, §Ö ¡ª §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä §à§Ò- §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú). §ª§Ù §â§Ú§ã§å§ß§Ü§Ñ, §Ó §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ó§Ú§Õ§ß§à, §é§ä§à §Ú§Ù§à- §Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ò, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §æ§â§Ñ§Ô§Þ§Ö§ß§ä §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô §Ú §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§ñ §ñ§â§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ö §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ó§í§ã§à§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö- §ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §â§Ö§Ù§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ§â§ñ§Õ§å §ã §Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ú§Þ §å§â§à§Ó§ß§Ö§Þ §Ù§Ñ§ê§å§Þ§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §á§à §ã§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ã §Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ (§ç ¡ª §Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§Ñ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö- §Þ§à§Ô§à §ï§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ ¡ª §ä§à§é§Ü§Ú). 0 20 40 60 80 §ç, §á§Ü§ã I, §å.§Ö. I, §å.§Ö. 0 20 40 60 80 §ç, §á§Ü§ã 40 80 120 160 100 200 §Ñ) §Ò) §Ó) §Ô) §Õ) §Ö) §²§Ú§ã. 4 D, §å.§Ö. 0,8 0,4 0 0 100 200 I, §å.§Ö. 1 2 §²§Ú§ã. 3
- 4. §¬§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ã §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§à§Ó §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú 35 §ª§©§£. §£§µ§©§°§£. §±§²§ª§¢§°§²§°§³§´§²§°§¦§¯§ª§¦. 2011. §´. 54, ¡í 3 §¬§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§ä§à§Õ§Ñ§Þ§Ú §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú. §¬§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä- §Ó§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ã§Ú§ä §à§ä §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§ç §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó, §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ù §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Õ§Ý§ñ §é§Ö§â§ß§à-§Ò§Ö§Ý§à§Ô§à §á§à- §Ý§å§ä§à§ß§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ [4]: ¡ª §â§Ö§Ù§Ü§à§ã§ä§î §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Õ§Ý§Ú§ß§å §á§Ö§â§Ö§ç§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó §á§Ú§Ü§ã§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ç; ¡ª §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Þ§Ñ§Ü§ã§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú §Þ§Ú§ß§Ú- §Þ§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ñ§â§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ; ¡ª §ê§å§Þ §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ö §Ñ§â§Ú§æ§Þ§Ö§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ò§â§à§ã§Ñ §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §ñ§â§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú; ¡ª §Ó§Ú§ß§î§Ö§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ü§à§ß§ä§â§Ñ§ã§ä §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ú §á§Ö§â§Ú§æ§Ö§â§Ú§Û§ß§à§Û §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú §à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §è§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú; ¡ª §Ü§â§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ §á§à§Ý§ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à §Þ§à§Ø§ß§à §à§è§Ö§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §â§Ö§Ù§Ü§à§ã§ä§Ú §æ§â§Ñ§Ô§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Ó §Ú§Ù §á§Ö§â§Ú§æ§Ö§â§Ú§Û§ß§à§Û §Ú §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§Û. §²§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§í §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§Ü §á§à §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§Ú- §Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ê§Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ö (0 ¡ª §ß§Ñ§Ú§ç§å§Õ§ê§Ú§Û §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î, 10 ¡ª §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ý§å§é§ê§Ú§Û) §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§í §Ó §ä§Ñ§Ò§Ý. 1. §´§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ú§è§Ñ 1 §ª§ã§ç§à§Õ§ß§à§Ö §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §²§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §Ñ§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§ß§à§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ (0¡ª10) §Ñ§Ò§ã§à§Ý§ð§ä§ß§à§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ñ (0¡ª10) §²§Ö§Ù§Ü§à§ã§ä§î 13 7 12 9 §¬§à§ß§ä§â§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§î 224 6 235 9 §º§å§Þ 2,22 6 2,07 7 §£§Ú§ß§î§Ö§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö 142 3 131 5 §¬§â§Ú§Ó§Ú§Ù§ß§Ñ §á§à§Ý§ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ 0,5 5 0,5 5 §¬§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ (0¡ª5) 2,67 4,23 §°§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §á§Ñ§â§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ä§â§í §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§å§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Ó§ç§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §ã§Ú§ã- §ä§Ö§Þ§í §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú §Ö§Ô§à §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §±§â§Ú §ï§ä§à§Þ §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §à§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ §Ú§Ù §ä§â§Ö§ç §ä§Ö§â§Þ§à§Ó: §± ¡ª ?§á§Ý§à§ç§à¡°, §µ ¡ª ?§å§Õ§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ä§Ó§à§â§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à¡°, §· ¡ª ?§ç§à§â§à§ê§à¡°. §£§í§ç§à§Õ§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ ?§Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ¡° §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§á§Ú§ã§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§Õ§ß§Ú§Þ §Ú§Ù §ä§â§Ö§ç §å§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §ä§Ö§â§Þ§à§Ó. §£ §ä§Ñ§Ò§Ý. 2 §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§í §ß§Ö§Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ö§Û §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Ó§ç§à§Õ§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ú §Ó§í- §ç§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ§Ú. §´§Ñ§Ò§Ý§Ú§è§Ñ 2 ¡í §²§Ö§Ù§Ü§à§ã§ä§î §¬§à§ß§ä§â§Ñ§ã§ä §º§å§Þ §£§Ú§ß§î§Ö§ä§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §³§Þ§Ö§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §æ§à§Ü§å§ã§Ñ §¬§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ 1 §· §· §· §· §· §· 2 §± §± §± §± §± §± 3 §µ §µ §µ §µ §µ §µ 4 §± §· §· §· §± §µ §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ó §á§Ñ§Ü§Ö§ä§Ö §á§â§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ§Õ§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ MatLab §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ó §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö §Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§è§í §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ [5]: ruleList = [... x1 x2 ¡ xn y1 y2 ¡ yn W O ]; §á§â§Ú §ï§ä§à§Þ x1 x2 ¡ xn ¡ª §Ú§ß§Õ§Ö§Ü§ã§í §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Û §á§â§Ú§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ó§ç§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç, y1 y2 ¡ yn ¡ª §Ú§ß§Õ§Ö§Ü§ã§í §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§Û §á§â§Ú§ß§Ñ§Õ§Ý§Ö§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§Ý§ñ §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ë§Ú§ç §Ó§í§ç§à§Õ§ß§í§ç §á§Ö§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç, W ¡ª §Ó§Ö§ã §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ, O ¡ª §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §à§á§Ö§â§Ñ§ä§à§â ?§ª¡° §Ú§Ý§Ú ?§ª§§ª¡°. §´§Ñ§Ü, §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§Ñ, §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §Ó §ä§Ñ§Ò§Ý. 2, §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§å§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ: ruleList = [... 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 ].
- 5. 36 §¤. §¡. §±§à§Ý§î§ä§Ö, §¡. §±. §³§Ñ§Ö§ß§Ü§à §ª§©§£. §£§µ§©§°§£. §±§²§ª§¢§°§²§°§³§´§²§°§¦§¯§ª§¦. 2011. §´. 54, ¡í 3 §²§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§í §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ü§à§Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Õ§Ñ§ß- §ß§í§ç §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û (§á§à §á§ñ§ä§Ú§Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ê§Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ö §à§ä §ß§å§Ý§ñ ¡ª §ß§Ñ§Ú§ç§å§Õ§ê§Ö§Ô§à, §Õ§à §á§ñ§ä§Ú ¡ª §Ú§Õ§Ö§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §Ù§ß§Ñ§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ) §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä 2,67 §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ú§ã§ç§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Ú 4,23 ¡ª §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ú§Ó§ê§Ö§Ô§à§ã§ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û. §£§í§Ó§à§Õ§í. §®§Ö§ä§à§Õ§í §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Û §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§à§ë§ß§í§Þ §Ú§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §Ó §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ñ ?§Ö§ã§Ý§Ú¡ª§ä§à¡°, §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §ß§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§í§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ- §ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ò§í§ã§ä§â§Ö§Ö §Ú §á§à§Ý§å§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §á§â§à§ã§ä§í§Þ§Ú §á§à §ã§â§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ã §é§Ö§ä§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ñ§ß§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ó §ß§Ú§ç §Ý§Ö§Ô§Ü§à §Ó§ß§Ö§Õ§â§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ï§Ü§ã§á§Ö§â§ä§ß§í§Ö §Ù§ß§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §¯§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§Ñ§ñ §Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ò§í§ä§î §å§ã§á§Ö§ê§ß§à §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ö§ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú §â§Ö§ê§Ö- §ß§Ú§Ú §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Ó§í§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§Ù§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §Ö§Ô§à §Ü§à- §Ý§Ú§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §à§è§Ö§ß§Ü§Ú, §é§ä§à §Ú §Ò§í§Ý§à §á§â§à§Õ§Ö§Þ§à§ß§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à. §³§±§ª§³§°§¬ §§ª§´§¦§²§¡§´§µ§²§½ 1. Kerre E., Nachtegael M. Fuzzy techniques in image processing. Physica-Verlag, 2000. 2. Tizhoosh H. R. Fuzzy-Bildverarbeitung: Einf¨¹hrung in Theorie und Praxis. Springer, 1998. 3. Alshennawy A. A., Aly A. A. Edge Detection in Digital Images Using Fuzzy Logic Technique. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 2009. N 51. 4. Bovik A. C. Handbook of Image and Video Processing. Elsevier, 2005. 5. §º§ä§à§Ó§Ò§Ñ §³. §¥. §¯§Ö§é§Ö§ä§Ü§à§Ö §Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Ó §ã§â§Ö§Õ§Ö MATLAB §Ú fuzzyTECH. §³§±§Ò: §¢§·§£-§±§Ö§ä§Ö§â§Ò§å§â§Ô, 2005. §³§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Ò §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§â§Ñ§ç §¤§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ß§Ñ §¡§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§Ñ§ß§Õ§â§à§Ó§ß§Ñ §±§à§Ý§î§ä§Ö ¡ª §Ñ§ã§á§Ú§â§Ñ§ß§ä; §³§Ñ§ß§Ü§ä-§±§Ö§ä§Ö§â§Ò§å§â§Ô§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä §Ú§ß- §æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§ç §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Û, §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú §à§á§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§æ§Ö§Õ§â§Ñ §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ä§â§à§ß§Ú- §Ü§Ú; E-mail: galinkan@rambler.ru §¡§Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§Ö§Û §±§Ö§ä§â§à§Ó§Ú§é §³§Ñ§Ö§ß§Ü§à ¡ª §Ñ§ã§á§Ú§â§Ñ§ß§ä; §³§Ñ§ß§Ü§ä-§±§Ö§ä§Ö§â§Ò§å§â§Ô§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Û §å§ß§Ú§Ó§Ö§â§ã§Ú§ä§Ö§ä §Ú§ß- §æ§à§â§Þ§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§ß§í§ç §ä§Ö§ç§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Û, §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ú §à§á§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú, §Ü§Ñ§æ§Ö§Õ§â§Ñ §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ä§â§à§ß§Ú- §Ü§Ú; E-mail: alexey.saenko@gmail.com §²§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§æ§Ö§Õ§â§à§Û §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ä§â§à§ß§Ú§Ü§Ú §±§à§ã§ä§å§á§Ú§Ý§Ñ §Ó §â§Ö§Õ§Ñ§Ü§è§Ú§ð 05.10.10 §Ô.