Zelena knjiznica. lidija gajski o sukobu interesa u mediciniivankraljevic
油
U petak 25. sijenja u 18 sati na Odjelu za ekonomiju i turizam "dr. Mijo Mirkovi" u Puli odr転ano je predavanje Lidije Gajski o sukobu javnog i privatnog interesa u farmaciji i medicini.
SMJERNICE ZA UNAPRJEENJE ELEKTRONIKOG ZDRAVSTVENOG ZAPISA - Improvement of ...Miroslav Maari
油
U radu je opisan pravac djelovanja u izgradnji sustava elektronikih zdravstvenih zapisa koji e zadovoljiti potrebe svih dionika zdravstvene za邸tite, podr転ati zdravstveno-profesionalni rad i omoguiti kontinuirano unaprjeivanje kvalitete na svim razinama i u svim segmentima zdravstvene za邸tite te na taj nain doprinijeti ouvanju i pobolj邸anju zdravlja svih korisnika zdravstvene za邸tite.Defi nirani su pojmovi:
elektroniki zdravstveni zapis (EZZ) i njegovi dijelovi
elektroniki medicinski zapis (EMZ)
elektroniki osobni zdravstveni zapis (EoZZ)
pri emu svaki korisnik zdravstvene za邸tite ima jedan EZZ, jedan EoZZ i vi邸e EMZ-ova. Pojedini dijelovi EZZ-a ne moraju biti fiziki na istom mjestu, ali se moraju moi povezati preko identifi kacijskog atributa korisnika zdravstvene za邸tite i odreenih pravila autentifi kacije. Pojedini EMZ sadr転i podatke koji se prikupljaju na zdravstvenim radili邸tima (PZZ, SKZZ, bolnice, javnozdravstvena radili邸ta i sl.), a prikupljaju ih zdravstveni profesionalci, direktnim upisom ili prijenosom iz ureaja koji te podatke proizvode. EoZZ sadr転i podatke koje prikuplja i s njima raspola転e korisnik zdravstvene za邸tite. Ti se podatci unose direktno ili prenose iz ureaja koji te podatke proizvode. Podatci iz EZZ-a moraju biti dostupni iskljuivo ovla邸tenim osobama. Propisima treba defi nirati pojam ovla邸tene osobe. Za邸titu podataka u EZZ-u treba osiguravati tehniki, propisima i etikim kodeksima, usklaeno s meunarodnim inicijativama (certifi kacija, EU uredbe, norme i sl). EZZ i njegovi dijelovi moraju udovoljiti i primarnoj i sekundarnoj uporabi, pri emu se primarna uporaba odnosi na pojedinca (dijagnostika, terapija, cijepljenje, zdravstvena njega i sl.), a sekundarna na skupine, tj. populaciju u skrbi, unaprjeenje kvalitete rada u zdravstvu, uinke preventivnih aktivnosti, fi nanciranje i istra転ivanja. Sadr転aj i oblik podataka u EZZ-u trebaju defi nirati strune udruge zdravstvenih profesija, a IKT profesionalci iznalaziti primjerena tehnolo邸ka rje邸enja. Strategiju i izgradnju EZZ-a kao i nadzor sa svih aspekata treba povjeriti krovnoj instituciji koja djeluje na nacionalnoj razini. Unaprjeivanje EZZ-a treba se odvijati u fazama, u skladu s postojeim znanjima, tehnolo邸kim novinama i materijalnim mogunostima.
This document describes various in vitro models and methods that can be used to study hepatotoxicity, including hepatocyte cell cultures, assays to measure cell viability and metabolic activity (trypan blue dye exclusion test, MTT assay), staining to visualize lipid accumulation (Oil Red O), and techniques to examine gene and protein expression changes (RT-PCR, western blotting). Specifically, it discusses using these methods to establish models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by treating hepatocyte cultures with fatty acids like palmitic and oleic acid, and models of drug-induced hepatotoxicity by treating with acetaminophen or amiodarone. Key readouts include lipid accumulation, apoptosis levels
This document summarizes various liver diseases and their etiologies. It discusses alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis infections from hepatitis B, C, and D viruses, autoimmune disorders like autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis, genetic disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver's important functions are outlined. Causes, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment approaches are described for each disease.
An introduction to experimental epidemiology improvemed
油
This document provides an overview of experimental epidemiology methods. It discusses the key features and types of experimental epidemiology studies, including controlled field trials and community trials. Controlled field trials involve dividing healthy subjects into an exposed group that receives an active substance (like a vaccine) and an unexposed control group that receives a placebo. Community trials involve entire exposed and unexposed communities. Randomized controlled trials, which assign individual subjects randomly to intervention or control groups, are described as the most common experimental method but are covered in more depth separately. Overall, the document outlines the design and purpose of various experimental epidemiology study types.
Genotyping methods of nosocomial infections pathogenimprovemed
油
Nosocomial infections afflict around 2 million patients in the US each year, resulting in around 88,000 deaths and $4.5 billion in excess healthcare costs. Understanding the distribution and relatedness of pathogens that cause these infections is important for designing effective control methods. Historically, phenotypic characterization was used, but increasingly molecular or genotyping techniques are being used, including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, and polymerase chain reaction-based methods. Studies have shown that integrating molecular typing into infection control programs can significantly reduce infection rates and healthcare costs.
Zelena knjiznica. lidija gajski o sukobu interesa u mediciniivankraljevic
油
U petak 25. sijenja u 18 sati na Odjelu za ekonomiju i turizam "dr. Mijo Mirkovi" u Puli odr転ano je predavanje Lidije Gajski o sukobu javnog i privatnog interesa u farmaciji i medicini.
SMJERNICE ZA UNAPRJEENJE ELEKTRONIKOG ZDRAVSTVENOG ZAPISA - Improvement of ...Miroslav Maari
油
U radu je opisan pravac djelovanja u izgradnji sustava elektronikih zdravstvenih zapisa koji e zadovoljiti potrebe svih dionika zdravstvene za邸tite, podr転ati zdravstveno-profesionalni rad i omoguiti kontinuirano unaprjeivanje kvalitete na svim razinama i u svim segmentima zdravstvene za邸tite te na taj nain doprinijeti ouvanju i pobolj邸anju zdravlja svih korisnika zdravstvene za邸tite.Defi nirani su pojmovi:
elektroniki zdravstveni zapis (EZZ) i njegovi dijelovi
elektroniki medicinski zapis (EMZ)
elektroniki osobni zdravstveni zapis (EoZZ)
pri emu svaki korisnik zdravstvene za邸tite ima jedan EZZ, jedan EoZZ i vi邸e EMZ-ova. Pojedini dijelovi EZZ-a ne moraju biti fiziki na istom mjestu, ali se moraju moi povezati preko identifi kacijskog atributa korisnika zdravstvene za邸tite i odreenih pravila autentifi kacije. Pojedini EMZ sadr転i podatke koji se prikupljaju na zdravstvenim radili邸tima (PZZ, SKZZ, bolnice, javnozdravstvena radili邸ta i sl.), a prikupljaju ih zdravstveni profesionalci, direktnim upisom ili prijenosom iz ureaja koji te podatke proizvode. EoZZ sadr転i podatke koje prikuplja i s njima raspola転e korisnik zdravstvene za邸tite. Ti se podatci unose direktno ili prenose iz ureaja koji te podatke proizvode. Podatci iz EZZ-a moraju biti dostupni iskljuivo ovla邸tenim osobama. Propisima treba defi nirati pojam ovla邸tene osobe. Za邸titu podataka u EZZ-u treba osiguravati tehniki, propisima i etikim kodeksima, usklaeno s meunarodnim inicijativama (certifi kacija, EU uredbe, norme i sl). EZZ i njegovi dijelovi moraju udovoljiti i primarnoj i sekundarnoj uporabi, pri emu se primarna uporaba odnosi na pojedinca (dijagnostika, terapija, cijepljenje, zdravstvena njega i sl.), a sekundarna na skupine, tj. populaciju u skrbi, unaprjeenje kvalitete rada u zdravstvu, uinke preventivnih aktivnosti, fi nanciranje i istra転ivanja. Sadr転aj i oblik podataka u EZZ-u trebaju defi nirati strune udruge zdravstvenih profesija, a IKT profesionalci iznalaziti primjerena tehnolo邸ka rje邸enja. Strategiju i izgradnju EZZ-a kao i nadzor sa svih aspekata treba povjeriti krovnoj instituciji koja djeluje na nacionalnoj razini. Unaprjeivanje EZZ-a treba se odvijati u fazama, u skladu s postojeim znanjima, tehnolo邸kim novinama i materijalnim mogunostima.
This document describes various in vitro models and methods that can be used to study hepatotoxicity, including hepatocyte cell cultures, assays to measure cell viability and metabolic activity (trypan blue dye exclusion test, MTT assay), staining to visualize lipid accumulation (Oil Red O), and techniques to examine gene and protein expression changes (RT-PCR, western blotting). Specifically, it discusses using these methods to establish models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by treating hepatocyte cultures with fatty acids like palmitic and oleic acid, and models of drug-induced hepatotoxicity by treating with acetaminophen or amiodarone. Key readouts include lipid accumulation, apoptosis levels
This document summarizes various liver diseases and their etiologies. It discusses alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis infections from hepatitis B, C, and D viruses, autoimmune disorders like autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis, genetic disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver's important functions are outlined. Causes, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment approaches are described for each disease.
An introduction to experimental epidemiology improvemed
油
This document provides an overview of experimental epidemiology methods. It discusses the key features and types of experimental epidemiology studies, including controlled field trials and community trials. Controlled field trials involve dividing healthy subjects into an exposed group that receives an active substance (like a vaccine) and an unexposed control group that receives a placebo. Community trials involve entire exposed and unexposed communities. Randomized controlled trials, which assign individual subjects randomly to intervention or control groups, are described as the most common experimental method but are covered in more depth separately. Overall, the document outlines the design and purpose of various experimental epidemiology study types.
Genotyping methods of nosocomial infections pathogenimprovemed
油
Nosocomial infections afflict around 2 million patients in the US each year, resulting in around 88,000 deaths and $4.5 billion in excess healthcare costs. Understanding the distribution and relatedness of pathogens that cause these infections is important for designing effective control methods. Historically, phenotypic characterization was used, but increasingly molecular or genotyping techniques are being used, including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing, and polymerase chain reaction-based methods. Studies have shown that integrating molecular typing into infection control programs can significantly reduce infection rates and healthcare costs.
Use of MALDI-TOF in the diagnosis of infectious diseasesimprovemed
油
MALDI-TOF MS has revolutionized clinical microbiology by drastically improving the time needed to identify bacterial cultures from over 24 hours to just a few minutes. Whereas the entire process from sampling to results previously took 2-3 days or more, new methods like MALDI-TOF MS and molecular technology have reduced this to just a few hours or one day. MALDI-TOF MS is a powerful, cost-effective, and easy to implement technique that provides rapid and reliable identification of bacteria and yeast from clinical samples at the genus and species level through analysis of their protein mass spectral signatures.
1. Molecular microbiology methods like PCR and hybridization have revolutionized clinical diagnostics by enabling fast and direct detection of pathogens from clinical samples.
2. PCR in particular has become a mainstay technique, allowing amplification of specific DNA sequences from small amounts of input DNA. Variations like real-time PCR, multiplex PCR, and broad-range PCR further expanded diagnostic capabilities.
3. Emerging technologies like DNA microarrays promise even greater multiplexing, with the ability to simultaneously genotype large genomic regions or measure expression of many genes, positioning them as promising future molecular diagnostic tools.
This document provides information about setting up and conducting experiments with isolated organs and tissue rings, including:
1. Describing the mechanical setup for a four-channel system bath for isolated organs.
2. Explaining the preparation of Krebs-Hanseleit solution and common drugs used.
3. Outlining typical experiment protocols, including stabilizing tissues, pre-contraction testing, and assessing endothelial function.
4. Noting that each experiment begins by preparing Krebs-Hanseleit solution and activating the system before surgery and setting rings in wells.
This document describes the components, work principles, and experimental protocols for using a pressure myograph system to study isolated blood vessels. The system allows measuring vessel diameter in response to drugs and stimuli while maintaining constant temperature. Experiments involve isolating small arteries from rats and attaching them to glass micropipettes in a chamber filled with physiological salt solution. Vessel diameter is recorded under varying pressures and drug exposures to study endothelial function and vasoactive mechanisms. Statistical analysis of diameter changes under different conditions uses repeated measures ANOVA to compare responses between experimental groups.
Notes for Measuring blood flow and reactivity of the blood vessels in the ski...improvemed
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This document describes the laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) method for measuring blood flow in the microcirculation of skin. Specifically, it discusses post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) testing using LDF to assess microvascular reactivity by inducing a brief occlusion of blood vessels. It also covers iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside combined with LDF to evaluate endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation respectively. Standardization of methods like occlusion duration and probe placement is important for reproducibility. LDF provides a general index of microvascular function rather than direct flow measurements.
Notes for STAINING AND ANALYSIS of HISTOLOGICAL PREPARATIONSimprovemed
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This document provides an overview of histological staining techniques. It discusses how histological preparations are stained using interactions between dyes, solvents, and tissue components. Different staining methods result in different colors that highlight various structures. A classic example is hematoxylin and eosin staining, where hematoxylin stains acidic components blue and eosin stains basic components pink. Specialized staining techniques also exist, such as immunohistochemistry. Proper staining selection depends on the tissue and research goals. Histological preparations are then analyzed under a microscope to study cell and tissue morphology.
Notes for Fixation of tissues and organs for educational and scientific purposesimprovemed
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Fixation of tissues and organs is done to preserve them for scientific and educational purposes. Various chemical fixatives are used including formaldehyde, alcohols, and acids. Formaldehyde cross-links proteins to harden the tissue while maintaining the original structure. Several fixation protocols are used for different purposes, balancing preservation of color and long-term durability. Key steps include diffusion or injection of fixatives, followed by storage in preservative solutions. Proper fixation and storage are necessary to prevent degradation over time.
The document summarizes the process of preparing tissue samples for histological analysis, including fixation, dehydration, infiltration/embedding, sectioning, staining, and examination. Key steps involve fixing tissues to prevent degradation, dehydrating using increasing alcohol concentrations, infiltrating with paraffin wax or resin for structural support during sectioning, precisely cutting thin sections, mounting them to glass slides, staining, and examining under a microscope. The quality of prepared samples depends on carefully following each step of the preparation process.
Notes for The principle and performance of capillary electrophoresisimprovemed
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This document provides an overview of capillary electrophoresis (CE). It begins by introducing CE and its advantages over other separation techniques. It then describes the basic theory behind CE, including electrophoretic mobility, electroosmotic flow, and how samples migrate through the capillary when an electric field is applied. The document details the key components of a CE instrument and various CE separation techniques such as capillary zone electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary isoelectric focusing. It focuses on the principles and applications of CE.
Notes for The principle and performance of liquid chromatographymass spectro...improvemed
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This document provides an overview of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). It describes the basic components and functioning of an LC-MS system, including the liquid chromatograph and mass spectrometer connected by an interface. The document discusses various ionization sources like electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, as well as mass analyzers like quadrupoles and time-of-flight analyzers. It also covers detectors used in LC-MS like electron multipliers and photomultipliers. Overall, the document serves as a technical introduction to the principles and components of LC-MS.
This document provides an overview of basic cell culture techniques. It discusses the history of cell culture, defining primary and secondary cell cultures. It describes different types of cell lines and how cells grow as monolayers or in suspension. The document outlines the key equipment needed for a cell culture laboratory, including biosafety cabinets, CO2 incubators, centrifuges, microscopes, and supplies. It emphasizes the importance of aseptic technique to prevent microbial contamination when working with cell cultures.
This document discusses systems biology and its goals of understanding how biological molecules interact and systems function as a whole. It covers:
1) Systems biology uses large datasets from "omics" experiments and computational models to understand complex biological interactions beyond individual molecules.
2) Pioneering work used microarrays to measure thousands of genes in serum-stimulated cells, finding over 500 changed in proliferation.
3) The field aims to discover emergent system properties and functions not evident from separate parts, like switches that change cell behavior.
Systems biology for Medicine' is 'Experimental methods and the big datasetsimprovemed
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This document discusses experimental methods used in systems biology to generate large datasets, including microarrays, sequencing-based methods, mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography. It explains that systems biology studies must be quantitative and enable computational modeling. Key methods covered are microarrays, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, proteomics using mass spectrometry, and combining liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for lipidomics, metabolomics and glycomics. Sources of variation are also discussed for genomic and proteomic studies.
Systems biology for medical students/Systems medicineimprovemed
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Systems biology takes a holistic approach to studying biological systems by considering all the interactions within a system and how they generate complex behaviors. Lecture 1 introduces key concepts in systems biology like how increasing levels of biological organization give rise to new system properties like robustness. Lecture 2 discusses experimental methods like genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics that generate large data sets for systems analysis. Lecture 3 covers mathematical and statistical tools for analyzing these data sets, such as using differential equations to model signaling networks. Lecture 4 provides examples of medical applications of systems biology in finding diagnostic markers, personalizing therapy, and predicting disease interactions from human disease networks, with the future of medicine taking a more predictive, preventive, and personalized approach
The document discusses several use cases for applying data mining and machine learning techniques in healthcare and biomedical research. Three examples are:
1) Early diagnosis of cancers like lung cancer and breast cancer through predictive modeling of patient data to detect cancers at earlier stages when survival rates are higher.
2) Predicting patient responses to drug therapies for cancers like breast cancer by combining different types of molecular profiling data using techniques like support vector machines and random forests.
3) Using imaging data and temporal analysis of metrics like medication purchases to better understand and predict chronic diseases like diabetes and associated health complications.
2. Medicina - znanost podataka
U posljednjih nekoliko desetljea, 転ivot znanost, biomedicina i zdravstvo - sve se
pretvara u podatke intenzivne znanosti
Ovo je povezano sa 邸irenjem dostupnih elektronikih podataka, ukljuujui:
Digitalizacija elektronike zdravstvene evidencije (EHR)
Agregacija znanstvenih podataka u bazama podataka u farmaceutskoj industriji
Oslobaanje pohranjenih podataka o bolesniku vlade za istra転ivake svrhe (npr
potra転ivanja pacijenti zdravstveno osiguranje)
Agregacija znanstvenih podataka iz klinikih ispitivanja, epidemiolo邸ki i
biomedicinskih istra転ivanja
Hitna je high tech medicine (Omics-medicina)
Napad od pacijenta self-praenje i daljinski nadzor pomou mobilnih ureaja i
Biosenzori
5. Karakteristike podataka u biomedicini
Razliiti resursi u biomedicini i dalje aktivno stvaraju podataka
poveanje veliine (volumen) i razliitost (iz raznih izvora)
Karakteristike tih podataka su takoer da su:
Vi邸edimenzionalan (razliitog znaenja, podklase)
vrlo slo転eno (Npr mikroskopska struktura od kvasca protein mre転e) (Sl. 2)
esto slabo strukturirana (kao i tekst u evidenciju pacijenata, signali iz fiziolo邸kih senzora)
umovi (nestalih i nedosljedan)
Postoji rastua potreba za integrativni analizu i modeliranje tih podataka
6. Sl. 2.
Raunalo se temelji vizualizacija kvasac protein mre転e
Veliki izazov je pronai nepoznate strukture (strukturne homologije) meu
ogroman skup dosad nepoznate podatke
By primjena posebne metode vizualizacije, takve strukture mo転e se grafiki
vidljivaomoguujui zdravstvenih djelatnika do Razumijem te podatke lak邸e
7. Big podataka
Poveanje volumena i raznolikosti podataka u biomedicinskoj praksi i znanosti -
kolektivno nazivaBig Data
Big podataka predstavljaju jedinstvenu priliku za stjecanje uvida, izvui znanje i
poticanje otkrie koje e rezultirati boljim rezultatima bolesnika, smanjenje tro邸kova
i ubrzano biomedicinskih napredak
8. Primjeri upotrebljivosti Big Data u medicinskoj praksi
Kako bi pobolj邸ao primjenjivost klinikih istra転ivanja u stvarnom svijetu situacijama
u kojima stanovni邸tvo heterogenost je prepreka
(Dakle, mijenjanje paradigmu - od pretpostavke da se pokree upravljanim
podacima lijeka) (Sl. 3)
Poticanje ekstrakcije i uinkovit i inovativne uporabe znanja skriveno u ogromnim
koliinama podataka
Da biste omoguili identifikaciju pacijenata koji su pod rizikom za nepovoljne
zdravstvene ishode (bolest, smrt u bolnici (ponovno) ulaz)
Da bi se omoguilo uinkovito i precizno lijek kroz raslojavanja pacijenata - kljuni
zadatak prema personalizirane zdravstvu
Da biste omoguili predicitive analitike u personaliziranu zdravstvu (Sl. 5)
9. 1) hipoteza upravljan vs upravljanim podacima lijek
2) Klinika istra転ivanja zadaci trebaju odrediti metode istra転ivanja - suprotno onome 邸to je
danas -
gdje klinika projekti ispunjavaju kriterije utvrene metode istra転ivanja
3) Iz opisna (skruujua) na prediktivni (sprijeiti) i proaktivna, sudjelovanja (uz aktivno
sudjelovanje pacijenta) lijek
4) S (prilagoene jedna uniformnog sve) do personilized recepta
Big Data i paradigmu promjene u biomedicinske znanosti
10. Big podataka i Omics-based medicine
Sve vei interes za personaliziranu medicinu evoluira zajedno s dva velika
tehnolo邸ki napredak
Prvo, nova generacija, brzi i jeftiniji, sekvenciranje DNA metoda
u kombinaciji sa znatan napreduje u molekularnoj biologiji - 邸to dovodi do post-
genomske doba (transkriptomika, proteomike, metabolomics)
Drugo, oplemenjivanje raunalnih alata, koja omoguuje neposrednu analizu velike
koliine podataka
dakle, stvara novi svemir za medicinska istra転ivanja, koji od veliki podataka
kada analizirani kompjuteriziranom modeliranje
11. Sl. 3
Challlenge analize Big Data u Omics-based medicine
Genomike, proteomike, metabolomics
Geni i molekularne putove i mre転e
Sustavi biologije - integrativni analiza podataka razliitih razina tjelesne
organizacije
12. (P4) lijek - Pprilagoenu,
Predictive, Preventive i Participatory lijek
Kljune prednosti P4 medicine
Mogunost da
- detitd bolest u ranijoj fazi, kada je lak邸e
i jeftiniji lijeiti uinkovito
- stratify pacijenata u skupine koje omoguavaju izbor
za optimalnu terapiju (Sl. 5)
- rizazvati nuspojave od uinkovitiji
rano procjena pojedinanih odgovora na lijekove
- ipospje邸iti izbor novih biokemijskih ciljeva
za otkrivanje lijekova
- rizazvati vrijeme, tro邸ak i neuspjeh stopa klinikim ispitivanjima
za nove terapije
- shift naglasak u medicini iz reakcijske
za prevenciju
i od bolesti u wellness
Sl. 5. Stratifp icationatients u grupe do
omoguuju odabir optimalnu terapiju
13. prepreke
uinkovito kori邸tenje Big podatke za praktine svrhe
Problem heterogene podataka (Biomedicinske podaci proizlaze iz razliitih izvora i razliitih
strukturnih dimenzija - koje variraju od mikroskopskih svijeta (npr Omics-podaci) na makroskopski
svijet (npr 邸irenje bolesti u populaciji javnozdravstvenih informatike)
Problem dijeljenje i distribuciju podataka meu razliitim pru転ateljima i odjela
esto glasan, nedostaje, nedosljedna i ne-standardizirani podaci
Postoji razlika izmeu prirodnog, dostupnih podataka, a podaci se primjenjuje za praktine svrhe
strojevi i postupci za obradu podataka
14. Otkrivanje znanja u bazama podataka (KDD)
Klasian interpretacija procesa KDD ukljuuje nekoliko koraka: odabir podataka, pre-
obradu, transformirati, vaenje podataka i interpretacija (Sl. 6)
Sl. 6. prikaz koraka koji obuhvaa proces KDD
15. Otkrivanje znanja iz Big Data
Izazov je da se
izvui smislene podatke iz podataka
stei nova znanja
otkrili do sada nepoznate spoznaje
tra転iti uzorke
smisla podataka
16. Otkrivanje znanja iz Big Data
Mnogi razliiti pristupi
Novi matematiki i grafiki postupci
Data Mining (DM) i strojno uenje (ML) metode - uglavnom se koriste metode u
pro邸losti
Data mining - kljuni korak u procesu KDD pojam otkrivanje znanja i Data Mining
(KDD)
17. Rudarenje podataka
Raunalni proces otkrivanja prethodno nepoznatih, va転ee obrasce i odnose u
velikim skupovima podataka - za predvianja, klasifikacije i klastera svrhe
ukljuujui kombinacije sofisticiranijim postupcima
statistiki modeli
matematiki algoritmi
ML metode - algoritmi koji automatski pobolj邸avaju njihovu izvedbu kroz iskustvo
Dovela je do razvoja
18. Primjena data mining tehnike
u zdravstvu domena
Dovelo je do
developmnet inteligentnih sustava i sustava za podr邸ku odluivanju (na temelju pravila
ekspertni sustavi)
pobolj邸anje predvianja nepovoljnih zdravstvenih ishoda i dijagnoza
Pobolj邸ana klasifikacija bolesti
otkrie odnosa izmeu patolo邸kih podataka i klinikih podataka i izmeu pacijenata
karakteristike i lijekovi uinkovitosti
Postupak odabir kandidata za medicinske testove i postupke
19. Koncept interakcije ovjeka i raunala (HCI)
Otkrie znanja - proces u rasponu od fizikoj podataka u ljudskom strani znanja
(definirano kao kognitivni proces)
Izazov je u tome da znanje da bi bio upotrebljiv od strane krajnjih korisnika (inei
osjeaj podataka)
Dodana u KDD postupak INTERAKCIJA (KOMUNIKACIJA) ljudskom krajnjeg
korisnika (medicinski strunjak)
To je ljudska krajnji korisnik (nije stroj) koji posjeduju rje邸avanja inteligenciju
problem, dakle, sposobnost da se pitati inteligentna pitanja o podacima
Ljudska (medicinski strunjak) mo転e rije邸iti slo転ene probleme ponekad intuitivno
(odnosno, bez potrebe da se opisuju tone pravila ili procesa koji se koriste u
analizi problema)
21. ... ili kao Albert Einstein rekao je
SAD (njemaki-roen) fiziar (1879-1955)
Raunala su nevjerojatno brzo, precizno i glupo.
Ljudska bia su nevjerojatno sporo, neprecizne i
sjajan.
Zajedno su moni izvan ma邸te.